Neovascular age-related macular degeneration(nAMD)and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)are leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in older population.They are both with a hemorrhagic and exudative macular disorder.PCV has been proposed to be a sub-type of nAMD,hut this is a matter of controversy.Although several genes are found to be associated with PCV and nAMD(CFH,ARMS2/HTRA1),but more genes show no common association with the two diseases.such as BF/C2,Elastin,PEDF,SERPlNG1,VEGF,APOE genes.All these Results might imply that PCV and nAMD have different pathogenesis.But in the current state of our knowledge for PCV and nAMD.we still could not conclude if they are the same diseases.The purpose of these review is to discuss the recent progress in the molecular biology of PCV and nAMD.

Flicker and photopic eletroretinogram(ERG)were recorded for 45 eyes of dry type of age-related macular degeneration(AMD)and 24 eyes of wet type of AMD respectively, the amplitude and phase of fundamental response compoment(30Hz)by discrete Fourier tranform(DFT)were analysed. The abnormality ratios of phases and amplitudes in fundamental responses, amplitudes of photopic white or red b-waves were 48.89%, 8.89%, 10.11% and 8.89% respectively. The visual acuities of 24 eyes were 1.0 or better, the abnormality ratios of phases were up to 37.50%. These suggest that the change of phases is a sensitive method for detecting the early abnormality of visual function in AMD. The abnormality ratios of phases and amplitudes in fundamental responses were 62.5% and 45.84% in wet type of AMD. The differences between dry type and wet type in amplitudes of fundamental responses and photopic b-waves were statistically significant(P

The incidence of venous thromboembolism in patients with ovarian cancer is much higher than other gynecologic cancers. Approximate 20%of ovarian cancer patients have hypercoagulable status during different phases of their disease. Ovarian cancer itself can induce hypercoagulability, but meanwhile the over activated coagulation system may promote disease progression. Coagulation system disorder is one of the most important prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. Recently, hypercoagulability becomes a hot spot in the ovarian cancer research ifeld. This article reviews the mechanism of hypercoagulability, its clinical implication and correlated treatment in ovarian cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the changes of Tc1/Tc2 profiles and the cytotoxic function of CD8~+ cells in ovarian cancer patients undergoing paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy, so as to identify whether there is a "window period" of anti-tumor immune suppression reverse after chemotherapy. Methods Blood samples from each ovarian cancer patient were obtained before (S_0) and at day 5-7 (S_1), day 12-14 (S_2) and day 25-28 (S_3) after chemotherapy in 13 patients. Thirteen age-matched healthy female volunteers were enrolled as a control group. Flow cytometry technique was employed to analyze the proportion of Tc1/Tc2. The numbers of specific IFN-γ, secreting CD8~+ cells were also calculated after peripheral lymphocytes had been stimulated with self tumor lysates. Results The proportion of Tel in CD8~+ cells increased re-markably on S2 while the proportion of Tc2 in CD8~+ cells remained no significant changes after chemothera-py. The ratio of Tc1 to Tc2 cells reached the highest on S_2. IFN-γ/secreting CD8~+ T cells also increased re-markably on S_2, especially when CD8~+ T cells were stimulated with autologous tumor antigen. Conclusion Paclitaxel and carboplatin induce the changes of Tc1/Tc2 profile and augment anti-tumor immune response by immune reconstitution. It probably turns out that the "window period" during immune reconstitution offers a best opportunity for cancer immunotherapy.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes in the numbers and functions of CD8~+T cells and NK cells in patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing first line chemotherapy,so as to identify whether there was a "window period" of anti-tumor immune suppression reverse after chemotherapy.Methods: Peripheral blood samples from each ovarian cancer patient were obtained before (S_0) and at day 5-7 (S_1),day 12-14 (S_2) and day 25-28 (S_3) after Chemotherapy in 13 patients.The numbers and proportions of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+ and nature killer (NK) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry technique.The percentages of specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8~+ cells were also calculated after that peripheral lymphocytes had been stimulated with self tumor lysates.Cytotoxicity of NK cells against K562 cells was detected by LDH releasing assay.Results: The numbers of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and NK cells reduced to the lowest on S1.Compared to those of the control group,and the percentages of IFN-γ-secreting CD8~+T cells were remarkably higher on S_1,S_2 and S_3 when CD8~+T cells were stimulated with autologous tumor antigen,and the percentage of CD8~+IFN-γ~+ cell reached the highest on S2.No significant differences of NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells were found on S_1,S_2 and S_3 compared to S0.Conclusion: Paclitaxel and carboplatin induce lymphopenia,which triggers the temporary immune reconstitution.During immune reconstitution the enhanced priming of CD8~+T cell response by autologons tumor antigen is found while the function of NK cells does not change significantly.It probably turns out that the" window period"during immune reconstitution offers a best opportunity for cancer immunotherapy.

Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

AIM: We investigated the numbers and proportions of lymphocyte subsets in advanced ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, so as to identify whether there is immune reconstitution after chemotherapy, and seek rational chemo-immunotherapy strategies in ovarian cancer treatment. METHODS: Blood samples from each ovarian cancer patient were obtained before (S_0) and at day 5-7 (S_1), day 12-14 (S_2) and day 25-28 (S_3) after chemotherapy in 13 patients. Flow cytometry technique was employed to analyse the numbers, proportions of CD3~+, CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+CD25~+ Treg and memory-like phenotype lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS: Lymphopenia was observed at S1 after chemotherapy, but lymphocytes were found gradually recovered after S1. The numbers of CD3~+, CD4~+, CD8~+T cells and CD4~+CD25~+ Treg cells reduced to the lowest on S_1. The proportions of CD8~+ T cells and CD4~+CD25~+ Treg cells reduced to the lowest on S_1 and S_2 respectively. The proportions of CD45RO~+ memory T cells increased significantly on S2 while the proportion of CD8~+CD45RA~+ T cells decreased remarkably on S_2. CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel and carboplatin induce lymphopenia at day 5-7 after chemotherapy, then comes the temporary immune reconstitution. It probably turns out that the window period during immune reconstitution offers a best opportunity for cancer immunotherapy.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic changes in the numbers and functions of CD8+T cells and NK cells in patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing first line chemotherapy,so as to identify whether there was a "window period" of anti-tumor immune suppression reverse after chemotherapy.Methods:Peripheral blood samples from each ovarian cancer patient were obtained before (S0) and at day 5-7 (S1),day 12-14 (S2) and day 25-28 (S3) after chemotherapy in 13 patients.The numbers and proportions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and nature killer (NK) cells were analyzed by flow cytometry technique.The percentages of specific IFN-?-secreting CD8+cells were also calculated after that peripheral lymphocytes had been stimulated with self tumor lysates.Cytotoxicity of NK cells against K562 cells was detected by LDH releasing assay.Results:The numbers of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+T cells and NK cells reduced to the lowest on S1.Compared to those of the control group,and the percentages of IFN-?-secreting CD8+ T cells were remarkably higher on S1,S2 and S3 when CD8+ T cells were stimulated with autologous tumor antigen,and the percentage of CD8+ IFN-?+ cell reached the highest on S2.No significant differences of NK cell cytotoxicity against K562 cells were found on S1,S2 and S3 compared to S0.Conclusion:Paclitaxel and carboplatin induce lymphopenia,which triggers the temporary immune reconstitution.During immune reconstitution the enhanced priming of CD8+T cell response by autologous tumor antigen is found while the function of NK cells does not change significantly.It probably turns out that the "window period" during immune reconstitution offers a best opportunity for cancer immunotherapy.

Objective To study the immunogenicity of extractable nuclear antigens(ENA)in activateed lymphocytes.Methods The ENA of the normal and activated lymphocytes was extracted according to Sharp's method,then syngeneic BALB/C mice were immunized.The dynamic fluctuation of serum IgG anti-dsDNA antibody level in mice was analyzed by ELISA,so did the ENA polypeptide spectrum.The immunofluorescent staining pattern of ANA and renal immunopathologic changes of the mice were investigated.Results ANA could be detected in the sera of the immunized mice by the ENA extracted from the activated lymphocytes,including anti-dsDNA and anti-ENA.The immunofluorescent staining patterns for ANA manifested as homogeneous pattern,peripheral pattern,speckled pattern and nucleolar pattern.Moreover,marked immune complex deposits in glomerulus could be observed in ANA positive mice.The results in those mice immunized by the normal-lymphocyte-ENA were negative.Conclusion The ENA extracted from activated lymphocytes is immunogenic,can drive the production of ANA and cause SLE-like syndrome.

Objective To detect the clinical characters and the classification of the congenital retinal vascular anomalies. Methods Nine cases (12 eyes) of congenital retinal vascular anomalies were exa- mined by ocular examination and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), in which 3 cases (4 eyes) were examined by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) simultaneously. Results The congenital retinal vascular anomalies were located at the posterior pole in 8 cases (10 eyes), and extended to peripheral retina in 1 case (2 eyes). Congenital retinal vascular anomalies were classified as follows: congenital retinal macrovessel (1 case, 1 eye); congenital retinal arteriolar tortuosity (2 cases, 3 eyes); inherited retinal venous beading (1 case, 2 eyes); and congenital prepapillary vascular loops (5 cases, 6 eyes). Four cases (5 eyes) were associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion (Valsalva maneuver). Conclusion Most of the congenital retinal anomalies are located at the posterior pole, involving arteries and veins, and can be associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by Valsalva maneuver.