Biodiesel, a nontoxic,cleaning, renewable and biodegradable fuel, is expected as a substitute for conventional fossil diesel. There are three main approaches to produce biodiesel, alkali-catalysis processing, enzymatic-catalysis processing and supercritical processing. With the unique property of energy-saving and environment-friendly, enzymatic-catalysis appears a great potential for industrial application. The main bottleneck of this technology is high cost and low stability of the lipase, as well as the inactivation of lipase by methanol and so on. To settle the problem, several methods have been used including the fixed-bed bioreactor, enzyme immobilized processing, whole-cell biocatalyst, changing addition method of methanol, developing of novel acyl acceptor, enhancing methanol resistance of lipase. The main problems and the relative strategy research of the enzymatic-catalysis technology were sum up.

The ralationship between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and intestinal microecology is increasingly being given more and more attention. Combined with the devolopment of intestinal microecology disciplines, effects of TCM on regulation of intestinal microecology have been gradually explained. Both clinical studies and animal experiments have confirmed that TCM can maintain the balance of intestinal microecology and regulate the intestinal flora. The author arrangemented the documents related to Chinese herbal compound adjusting intestinal flora in the recent ten years, summarized that the Chinese herbal compound which can strength spleen and replenish Qi, relax bowels and regulate Qi, dissipate dampness and check diarrhea, clear away heat and toxic materials, promote digestion and relieve stasis had certain regulation effects on intestinal microecology, providing basis for revealing the TCM essence of intestinal microecology.
Animals ; Digestion ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; drug effects ; Humans ; Intestines ; drug effects ; microbiology ; physiology ; Spleen ; drug effects ; physiology

Lipase gene from Penicillium expansum(lip07) was cloned and over-expressed in Pichia pastoris.a random mutant named ep8,which contained a single amino acid substitution,was obtained by using the lip07 as an error-prone PCR template in previous study.ep8 shows higher thermostability than that of lip07,To further improve the thermostability of the lipase,the Lys of wild-type(lip07) and mutant(ep8) in 202 were substituted by Ala using the Overlap extension PCR technique respectively.The mutant genes(lip07-K202A and ep8-K202A) were subcloned into pAO815,and then transformed into the Pichia pastoris GS115 for extracelluar expression,respectively.15% SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that the molecular mass of PEL-ep8-K202A and PEL-lip07-K202A are both about 28kDa,which is same with the wild-type lipase.The Tm of PEL-ep8-K202A is 41.66℃,2.63℃ higher than that of the wild-type(39.03℃) and 1.21℃ higher than the random mutant(PEL-ep8:40.45℃);the Tm of single mutant(PEL-lip07-K202A) is 37.08℃,2℃ lower than that of the wild-type lipase.

We analyzed the epidemiological investigation results of the first case of human infected with avian influenza (H5N6) ,and summarized epidemiological characteristics of this case to provide reference to H 5N6 case screening and investiga‐tion in future works .We retrospectively described and analyzed the investigation progress ,specimen detection results of epi‐demic spot and intimate contact people ,and summarize epidemiological characteristics of this case .Result showed that the first case of human infected with H5N6 in Yunnan was a single case ,and did not showed human‐to‐human transmission .This case had contacts with wild bird and had birds’ market activity before diagnoses ;some environment specimen of birds market near patient’s home has detection results of H5N6 positive .This is a cases of local infection and did not show human‐to‐human transmission .From the investigation ,we could deduced that the transmission route is from birds to human or from birds to en‐vironment and then to human .

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of astragaloside involved in the mouse podocytes injury induced by TGF-β1 in vitro.Methods:Mouse podocytes were cultured in vitro and then all cell were divided into 5 groups:normal control group , TGF-β1 treatment group ,TGF-β1 treatment +astragaloside low dose group ,TGF-β1 treatment +astragaloside middle dose group and TGF-β1 treatment +astragaloside high dose group.The proliferation rate of each group was investigated by MTT assay ,the expression of TRPC6 protein and mRNA were measured by Western blot and RT-PCR respectively after 48 hours.Results:TGF-β1 can significantly inhibit the proliferation of podocytes ( P<0.05) ,fusions of foot processes or even effaced of podocytes were observed .TGF-β1 could also increase the expression of TRPC6.Astragaloside could reduce the inhibition of TGF-β1 to the proliferain of podocytes significantly ,make the cell shape tend to be normal,and reduce the expression of TRPC6 mRNA and protein with dose-effect relation.Conclusion:TRPC6 play an impor-tant role in the TGF-β1 induecd podocytes injury .Astragaloside can alleviate podocytes injury by reduce the expression of TRPC 6.

Objective To explore the prevention and treatment of lymphorrhagia due to lymph node dissection in gastric carcinoma. MethodsClinical data of 743 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy plus lymphadenectomy from January 1997 to March 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThe patients in D3 or D4 lymphadenectomy suffered from a higher lymphorrhagia rate than those in D2 lymphadenectomy(P

Objective To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of early gastric cancer (EGC),surgical treatment, and prognosis in elderly patients. Methods The clinicopathological and follow-up data in 83 elderly patients with EGC treated by gastrectomy from 1989. 8-2004. 8 were studied retrospectively. Results All of 83 patients were resectable, and there was no operative death nor surgical complications. The 5-, 10-, and 15- year survival rate was 98%,95%,and 92%, respectively. Sixty-one cases (74%) were mucosal cancer without lymph node metastasis, 22 cases were submucosal cancer with node metastasis in 4 cases. 7 cases were multiple primary carcinoma. Conclusions Local resection and partial gastrectomy are not suitable for multiple primary carcionoma in elderly patieats with EGC. Subtotal gastrectomy, and total gastrectomy should be the procedure of choice when foci were scattered about. Lymph node metastasis,multiple primary cancer foci and invasion of submucosal layer are all among factors impacting postoperative prognosis.

This paper introduces the preamplifier for the microcomputer-detecting system of 3-Channel ECG signals and its technical specifications. The practical experiments and clinical applications show that its performances conforms with all the requirements of the system.
Amplifiers, Electronic ; Electrocardiography ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Heart Diseases ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; instrumentation ; Microcomputers ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To analyze the correlation of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),homocysteine(Hcy) and D-dimer(D-D) with pathological change degree of coronary heart disease(CHD),and to investigate the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of joint detection in CHD.Methods A total of 100 cases of CHD patients(experimental group) and 100 healthy subjects(control group) were enrolled,.Patients of the experimental group were divided into four groups on the basis of complications,including simple CHD group(32 cases),amalgamating hypertension group(46 cases),amalgamating diabetes group(9 cases),amalgamating hypertension diabetes group(13cases).The levels of hs-CRP,Hcy and D-D in the five groups were detected and analyzed.Results The levels of hs-CRP,Hcy and D-D in the experimental group were all higher than the control group(P<0.05).Logistic regression confirmed that three indexes were the independent risk factors for CHD.Each indicator has a certain clinical significance to the diagnosis and treatment of CHD but the value of Hcy could be better.Joint detection of hs-CRP and Hcy could be an ideal combination of detection,and the three joint detection might not be suitable for early diagnosis and treatment of CHD.The levels of hs-CRP and D-D in simple CHD group,amalgamating hypertension group,amalgamating hypertension diabetes group were all higher than amalgamating diabetes group(P<0.05).Conclusion hs-CRP,Hcy and D-D could be the independent risk factors of CHD,and joint detection might be with important clinical value for diagnosis of CHD.

Objective To explore therapeutic effects and mechanisms of radical scavenger edaravone on experimental cerebral hemorrhage.Methods Two hundred-forty male SD rats were divided randomly into four groups:control group,cerebral hemorrhage group,edaravone treatment group before operation (A) and edaravone treatment group after operation (B).Experimental cerebral hemorrhage model was made according to the method reported by Rosenberg.Water quantity contained in brain and nervous missing sign were observed,meanwhile the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in brain tissue were measured.Results Compared with cerebral hemorrhage group,nervous missing sign and water quantity contained in brain obviously changed in edaravone treatment group (P