Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been developed for two decades in order to treat portal hypertension accompanying with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and refractory ascites.TIPS may cause the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE).TIPS induces portalsystemic shunt and leads to hemodynamics chaos. Hepatic encephalopathy belongs to the complications of the portal hypertension. There are many possible predictors of the post-TIPS HE. The relationship between TIPS and HE was reviewed.

Objective To explore the regulatory effect of Nervilia fordii Injection ( NFI ) on inflammatory cytokines in rats with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) -induced acute lung injury ( ALI) , and to explore its possible interfering mechanism . Methods The rats were randomly divided into normal group , model group , Shenmai Injection group, and NFI group. J774 macrophages were stimulated by LPS to establish the cell model in vitro, and in vivo ALI rat model was established by injection of LPS through the sublingual veins. Electronic microscope and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for observing the proliferation of J774 macrophages, the levels of supernatant inflammatory cytokines secreted by J774 cells, and the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines . Results The proliferation of LPS-induced J774 macrophages was increased , and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines was disordered. Uncontrolled inflammatory reaction occurred in the lung after the rats were administrated with intravenous injection of LPS . Both NFI and Shenmai Injection could inhibit the proliferation of J774 macrophages. NFI could also significantly inhibit the levels of supernatant and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α and interleukin 6 (IL-6) expression (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and it could increase the level of supernatant IL-10 (P<0.01) and decrease the level of serum interleukin 10 (IL-10) in rats (P<0.05), but couldn’t regulate the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (P>0.05). Conclusion NFI has better preventive and therapeutic effect for ALI than Shenmai Injection, and its possible mechanism is related with the inflammatory regulation and lung injury relief through the suppression of excessive expression of TNF-α and IL-6 .

Objective: To demonstrate the influence of HMGB34367,a subfamily member of the high-mobility group protein B1(HMGB1),as a transcriptional factor of the ?-SMA gene expression.Methods: We cloned HMGB34367 cDNA from the fibrotic lung tissue of the Balb/C mouse treated with BLM by RT-PCR,sub-cloned it into a eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA 3.0 or pEGF-N2,and constructed a report plasmid,pDsRed-SMA,encoding red fluorescence(RFP) driven by ?-SMA promoter.Following the co-transfection of pDsRed-SMA and HMGB34367-pcDNA3.0/ pEGF-N2-HMGB34367 in the cultured 16HBE cells,we tested the expression of the RFP in the absence and presence of TGF?1 by fluorescence microscopy.After the transfection of HMGB34367-pcDNA3.0,the nucleus extracts from the transfected cells were subjected to electrophoretic mobility shift assay(EMSA) for the detection of the binding activity of HMGB34367 with ?-SMA promoter CarGB motif.RT-PCR was performed for the evaluation of the ?-SMA gene expression in the cells.Results: The over expression of HMGB34367 activated the ?-SMA promoter and enhances the expression of the ?-SMA gene.An increased binding activity of HMGB34367 with CarGB motif was detected by EMSA in the transfected cells.Conclusion:HMGB34367,a member of HMGB1 family,could act as a transcription factor for the transcriptional activation of the ?-SMA gene,which may play an important role in the development of lung fibrosis.

Human blood circulatory system is a very complex organism and it requires to solve many problems. The cardiovascular circulatory system could be better understood by using modern technology. Cardiovascular circulatory system is the key part of human physiological system, establishing mathematical models of cardiovascular circulatory system and stimulating blood circulation will provide assistant tool for the design of medial equipment in treatment of heart disease, also plays an instructive role on determining the causes and therapy of heart diseases. This paper describes the history, categories and methods of cardiovascular circulatory system modeling. The research cardiovascular simulator model, designed by Harvard-MIT,was used as an example of how to establish a cardiovascular circulatory model.

Purpose To detect whether a 3243 point mutation existed in age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Twenty six cases of wet form AMD patients, ten cases of dry form AMD patients were selected,and compared with twenty nomal controls. After collecting anti coagulated blood samples, total cellular DNA were extracted and purified. Using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment long polymorphism techniques, the mtDNA A→G point mutation at position 3243 were detected. Results After cleaveded by restriction endonuclease Apa I, a 294 bp fragment remained only in all detected DNA samples including twenty six wet form AMD, and ten dry form AMD. No any other fragment appeared. The result showed that there was no A→G mutation at position 3243 found in AMD. Conclusion It is suggested that mtDNA 3243 point mutation due to maternal inheritance might be not concerned with both wet form AMD and dry form AMD.

Objective To examine the effects of fixed appliance and micro-implant on the improvement of facial profile in patients with protruding.Methods 30 protruding cases were treated by fixed appliance and micro-implant.Cephalometric data before and after treatment were measured and analyzed to assess the effects.Results The upper incisors were retracted 6.5 mm.The upper lip was retracted 3.8 mm.The lower incisors were retracted 5.8 mm.The lower lip was retracted 5.6 mm.UL-E was retracted 3.21 mm.LL-E was retracted 3.67 mm.NLA was changed from 86.7°to 103.7°.The U1-SN,U1-Y,L1-MP,L1-Y,UL-Y,LL-Y,UL-E,LL-E,and NLA demonstrated significant differences between pre-and post-treatment.Conclusions Fixed appliance and micro-implant might retract the anterior teeth and lead to an improvement of facial profile.

[Objective]To study the anatomy about the sagittal plane curves of the adjacent segments of the thoracic and lumbar spine on the radiographs of standing position,in order to provide anatomical evidence for clinical operation. [Methods]Seventy-five standing posture radiographs about normal adult were obtained,the sagittal plane curves of the adjacent segments of the thoracic and lumbar spine were obtained by measuring the angles between perpendicular of adjacent superior end plate.The normal value and rule about sagiital plane curves were determined by statistical method.Fifty patients received operation according to these measures.The Cobb's angle of sagittal plane(T12-S1) at 0,3,12 months postoperatively,Denis scores at 12 months postoperatively and the cases in which breaking or loosening internal fixation occurred at 12 months postoperatively were recorded.[Results]The 95% confidence interval of about sagittal plane curves was obtained.There was no statistical significance for sex and age.It would improve function postoperatively and decrease the broken or loosened internal fixation.[Conclusion]It's important to recover the Cobb's angle in the short segmental internal fixation with pedicle screws through posterior approach.

This paper described the progress in therapeutics of drug dependence by opioids, involved in usages of opiate receptor agitations, non-opiate receptor agitations, non-drug treatment, and immunosuppressive therapy.

AIM: To explore the effects of Compound Yi-Zhi (YZC) on learning and memory capacity and free radical metabolism in D-galactose induced mice dementia model. METHODS: The mice dementia model was induced by a daily D-galactose 0.15 g?kg -1 sc for 45 d and after 5 d D-galactose injection, the mice were treated with three doses of YZC once a day for 40 d. In order to find out the influence of YZC on the models learning and memory capability and free radical metabolism system, Y-maze test was introduced for the former and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) tests for the latter. RESULTS: Compared with the D-galactose model group, three doses of YZC administration ( 0.108, 0.217, 0.433 g?kg -1) were all shown to significantly reduced the times of learning/memory in Y-maze test from 31.35? 8.97/ 17.12? 5.57 to 19.67? 8.07/ 11.27? 6.65, to 14.00? 6.84/ 8.29? 5.95, and to 11.41? 5.99/ 6.24? 4.97, respectively. For SOD, the administrations of 0.108 and 0.433 g?kg -1 YZC could increase the activity of SOD from 17.69? 3.14 to 26.94? 4.46, and to 21.33? 3.63 nU?mg -1 pro. While for MDA, all the three doses of YZC could decrease the level of MDA from 4.08? 0.88 to 2.82? 0.75, to 2.10? 0.42, and to 2.35? 0.39 nmol?mg -1 pro in the mice brain tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION: YZC can improve the D-galactose induced learning and memory dysfunction, and the action may be related to the improvement of antioxidase activity in the model mice brains.

In China,compared with other high risk population, drug users have higher rates of HIV infection, HCV infection and co-infection of HIV and HCV. These infections are major factors influencing this population’s health status. By describing and comparing the status of HIV infection, HCV infection, and HIV/HCV co-infection among drug users in China in terms of geographic distribution, demographic distribution, analyzing the interaction of the two viruses and the velocity of transmission and pathogenicity, this article provides recommendation for prevention and control of HIV and HCV.