The ethical behavior of dentists is one of the most important factors in the promotion of quality dental care and recognition of dentists as professionals.This paper first provided the Code of Ethics of the Dental Practice identifies ten core values on the basis of the Code of Ethics of the North American Dentist and Dental Hygienists' Association combined with the analysis of Chinese stomatological practice.The core values are autonomy,confidentiality,social trust,nonmaleficence,beneficence,justice,veracity,fidelity,paternalism,and utility.They may promote the development of the standard management of the ethical behavior of Chinese dentists.

[Objective] Probe the source of Nv’ke Baixiao Quanshu or Obstetrics and Gynecology Pandect compiled by Gong Juzhong in Ming Dynasty, explorate the content and academic idea. [Methods]Through investigating and surveying the different editions, col ating and organizing the contents, probe and analyse the writing motivation, content and main idea of the work. [Results] The most contents of Nu ’ke Baixiao Quanshu are inherited from an-other work named Jiaozhu Furen Liangfang with 8 contents:Regulating the menstrual period, praying for children, antenatal training, previous preparation for delivery, parturition, lying-in, difficult labouring. The rest of the contents is extracted from some other works. This work records disease symptoms and medicine, surgery, gynecology and gravidity in various internal organs. Referring ancient classics on disease causes and researching prescriptions and treatments, the author emphasized naturalizing liver, kidney and spleen in warm. Mr. Gong applied drugs corresponding to syndromes. In the Qiusi and Taihou parts, he discussed rationales of infertility, natural endowment and pre-natal and post-natal care and introduced methodology of pulse feeling to diagnose pregnancy, Yuanfang Chao’s twelve col ateral channels in nourishing and training fetus, medicine conditioning for pregnant women, daily regi-men, medicine prohibition, preparation of ante partum. [Conclusion] Nu ’ke Baixiao Quanshu is created by extracting. Mr gong learned widely from oth-er’s strong points and compiled with distinct academic view, significantly guiding development of clinical medicine in department of gynecology of tradi-tional Chinese medical science and formation of system of reproduction care. Yet, some theories like methodologies of gender-oriented reproduction and gender-shifting reproduction should be discarded.

A micro droplet generator based on V-shape linear ultrasonic motor was prepared to produce micro droplets with higher accuracy in the field of biochemistry.The device was composed of a micro droplet generator which was driven by the V-shaped linear ultrasonic motor, a three-dimensional displacement platform based on V-shaped linear ultrasonic motor, and a micro droplet separation unit based on the piezoelectric vibrator.The generating part consisted of an ultrasonic motor, a medical syringe, a silica flexible tube and a self-made micro nozzle based on glass.Utilizing the drive controller to drive the linear ultrasonic motor, the slipway pushes forward the syringe and the micro droplet was attached to the glass nozzle.The natural mode of the rod nozzle was excited by the piezoelectric vibrator.The attached droplet was separated from the tip of the nozzle after overcoming the viscous force.The separated droplet fell in a certain range.And the radius of the spherical droplet was calculated.In the experiment, distilled water was used as the initial liquid to investigate the characteristics of the micro droplets produced by the device.The experimental results showed that the droplet was attached to the tip of the micro nozzle which was formed by distilled water under the linear motor.By the vibration of the separation unit, the attached droplets formed the spherical droplets by overcoming the viscous forces in the tip of the nozzle.The radius of spherical droplets generated by this device was less than 40 μm by measuring the size.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-dose hydrocortisone on brain dysfunction in LPS-induced sepsis rats and the role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) signal transcription pathway in the pathogenesis. Methods Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (A group, n=6), model group (B group, n=24), low-dose HC treatment group(C group, n=24). The septic rat model was established by intra-peritoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg), the intervention was by caudal vein injection of low-dose HC (6 mg/kg), each of B and C group was subdivided into 2,8,16,24 hours after LPS injection (n=6).At serial time points,the animals in each group were sacrificed , brain tissue samples were harvested to determine NF-?B,I?B expression in hippocampus by immunohistochemistry. Also, the changes of behaviors were observed and the histopathological changes were investigated by Nissl stain.Results In model group (B group): lethargy, anorexia, tachypnea, piloerection, loss of body weight were all more obvious than control groups.Nissl stain showed significant histopathological changes; NF-?B expression was up regulated compared with control group(P

Objective To explore the application value of mammary gland remodeling to one-stage repair local defects after partial excision.Methods The clinical data of 62 breast patients undergoing mammary gland remodeling to one-stage repair local defect after partial excision between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed.Results All patients recovery,the average operative time was 60 min,the average hospital stay was 7 days,the average cost was 5 216 yuan,1 case with postoperative concurrent incision infection,6 cases with postoperative hematoma.The cosmetic results were excellent or good rate was 87.1％ (54/62),and fair rate was 12.9％ (8/62).The breasts showed natural and symmetrical appearance during a follow-up of 12-36 months.Conclusions The application of mammary gland remodeling to one-stage repair local defect after partial excision is a safe and economical method.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of oleanolic acid in She medicine Clematis florida var. plena. Methods:The HPLC method was carried on a Lanbo-Kromasil C18 chromatography column using acetonitrile-water ( 86∶ 14 ) as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 205 nm, the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , and the column temperature was 25 ℃. Re-sults:The calibration curve of oleanolic acid was linear within the range of 0. 52-15. 60μg (r=0. 999 9). The average recovery of oleanolic acid was 92. 13%(RSD=3. 0%, n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible, which can be used as an ideal method for the quality control of She medicine Clematis florida var. plena. .

Objective To compare the effect of different concentrations of ropivacaine in epidural analgesia of childbirth.Methods According to the digital table,300 cases of our hospital childbirth puerpera were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups.A group was given 0.125％ ropivacaine compound fentanyl analgesia,B group was given 0.1％ ropivacaine compound fentanyl analgesia,group C was not required analgesia childbirth.The childbirth of three groups was observed.Results In group A,the labor time was (261.38 ± 19.87) min,postpartum 2h blood loss was (241.03 ± 34.57) mL.In group B,the labor time was (260.09 ± 19.69) mnin,postpartum 2h blood loss was (238.66 ± 35.01) mL.In group C,the labor time was (270.46 ± 20.86) min,postpartum 2h blood loss was (251.75 ± 36.79) mL.Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (t =0.472,1.035 ; all P ＞ 0.05).In group A,the fetal heart rate was (142.34 ±21.57)times/min,neonatal Apgar score was (9.77 ± 0.21),and umbilical artery blood pH value was (7.27 ± 0.06).In group B,fetal heart rate was (145.21 ± 21.49) times/min,neonatal Apgar score was (9.79 ± 0.20),and umbilical artery blood pH value was (7.26 ± 0.08) ; Fetal heart rate of group C was (143.78 ±22.01)times/min,neonatal Apgar score was (9.64 ±0.24),and umbilical artery blood pH value was (7.28 ± 0.07).The differences among three groups were not statistically significant (t =0.763,0.360,0.114,all P＞ 0.05).Analgesic effect time of group A was (12.13 ± 1.76) min,pain score was (1.03 ±0.46) points,analgesic harem duration was (22.39 ± 3.21) s,analgesic harem time interval was (3.26 ± 1.49) min,the cesareandelivery rate was 8.00％.In group B,the analgesic effect time was (12.04 ± 1.69mnin),pain score was (1.01 ± 0.52) points,analgesic harem duration was (21.04 ± 3.18) s,analgesic harem time interval was (3.4.9 ±1.51)min,the cesarean delivery rate was 9.00％ ; Duration of the analgesic effect of group C was (16.77 ±16.77) min,pain score was (3.76 ± 1.23) points,analgesic harem duration was (26.98 ± 5.87) s,analgesic harem time interval was (2.65 ± 0.75) min,the cesarean delivery rate was 48.00％.The differences between groups were statistically significant (chi square or t =6.148,8.522,5.749,4.095,61.316 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Application of 0.1％ ropivacaine compound fentanyl anesthesia can effectively relieve patients'pain,shorten labor and reduce postpartum 2h blood loss,impact less on contractions at the same time,reduce the incidence of cesarean delivery,has no influence on the neonate,which is worth popularization and application in clinic.

Objective To investigate the effects of mechanicl ventilation with lower tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on pulmonary function during laparoscopic surgery in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Forty patients with COPD,aged 60-82 yr,with body mass index of 16-29 kg/m2,undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:conventional ventilation group (group Ⅰ) and mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume and PEEP group (group Ⅱ).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,sufentanil,cisatracurium and propofol and maintained with iv infusion of propofol,cisawacurium and remifentanil.The patients were endotracheally ventilated and mechanically ventilated.In group Ⅰ,fresh gas flow was set at 2 L/min,VT at 10 ml/kg,and I∶E at 1∶2 during ventilation.In group Ⅱ,fresh gas flow was set at 2 L/min,VT at 6 ml/kg,I∶E at 1∶2 and PEEP at 6 cm H2O during ventilation.PErCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg in both groups.Airway peak pressure (Pp~),airway plateau pressure (Pplat),airway resistance (Raw) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were measured at 5 min after intubation (T1),45 min of pneumoperitoneum (T2),and 15 min after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T3).Arterial blood samples were obtained at T1,T2 and T3 for blood gas analysis.Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradiant (A-aDO2),oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2),respiratory index (RI) and physiologic dead space fraction (VD/VT) were calculated.The extubation time and development of complications were recorded within 48 h after operation.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,Ppeak and Plat at T2 and Raw at T1,2 were significantly decreased,Cdyn at T2 and PaO2/FiO2 at T1-3 were significantly increased,RI,VD/VT and A-aDO2 were significantly decreased at T1-3,and the incidence of hyoxemia,atelectasis and rales was decreased within 48 h after operation in group Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the extubation time between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume (6 nl/kg) and PEEP (6 cm H2O) can improve the pulmonary function during laparoscopic surgery in patients with COPD.

Objective To analyze the incidence of stress hyperglycemia and its influential factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction. Methods The case data of 1630 consecutive patients with incipient myocardial infarction without cerebrovascular disease admitted in the department of cardiology and 1338 patients with atherosclerotic acute cerebral infarction without cardiovascular disease admitted in the department of neurology,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2009 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 2048 patients without diabetes mellitus were selected from them,among them 1165 patients were in an acute myocardial infarction group and 883 were in a cerebral infarction group. The fasting blood glucose >7. 8 mmol/L in the next morning after admission was defined as hyperglycemia. Single factor and multifactor logistic regression analyses were used to compare the incidence of stress hyperglycemia and its influential factors of both groups. Results ( 1 ) Of the 1165 patients with myocardial infarction,the incidence of stress hyperglycemia was 17. 2% (n=201);of the 883 patients with cerebral infarction,the incidence of stress hyperglycemia was 5.4% (n=48). There was significant difference between the 2 group (χ2= 65.677;P < 0. 01). (2) Comparing the general information of the patients with stress hyperglycemia (n=249) and those without stress hyperglycemia ( n=1799) of the cardio-cerebrovascular diseases showed that there were significant differences in hyperlipidemia, drinking history, family history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, age, heart rate, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol,leukocyte count,blood urea nitrogen,and triacylglycerols between the 2 groups (P<0. 05). (3) Multivariate Logistic analysis showed that heart rate ( OR,1. 013,95%CI 1.002-1.024),leukocyte count (OR,1.109,95%CI 1.508-1.163),and triacylglycerols(OR,1.174, 95%CI 1. 042-1. 322) were the independent risk factors for stress hyperglycemia in myocardial infarction. (4) Systolic blood pressure (OR,1. 019,95% CI 1. 006-1.033) and leukocyte count (OR,1. 132,95%CI 1. 009-1. 268) were the independent risk factors for stress hyperg lycemia in cerebral infarction. Conclusion The incidence of stress hyperglycemia in patients with myocardial infarction is higher than that in patients with cerebral infarction,and the increased leukocyte count is a common independent risk factor for both.

Objective To investigate the effects of intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride or doxofylline on respiratory mechanics during non-thoracotomy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods One hundred and thirty-five ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients with COPD, aged 55-86 yr, weighing 44-78 kg,scheduled for elective non-thoracotomy under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 45 each): control group (group C), penehyclidine hydrochloride group (group P) and doxofylline group (group D).Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 4 μg/kg, propofol 1.5 rg/kg and cis-atracurium 0.2 mg/kg. The patients were tracheal intubated and mechanically ventilated. PETCO2 was maintained at 40 mm Hg. At 5 rin after tracheal intubation, penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.01 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group P, and doxofylline 4 mg/kg was injected intravenously in group D. The equal volume of normal saline was injected intravenously in group C. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol 5 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1, eis-atracurium 0.2 mg· kg- 1 · h- 1, and intermittent iv boluses of fentsnyl. The auditory evoked potential index was maintained at 15-20 during operation. The peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure, lung compliance and airway resistance were recorded immediately before administration, and at 30, 45 and 60 rin after administration. Results Compared with group C, the peak airway pressure, airway plateau pressure and airway resistance were significantly decreased, while the lung compliance was significantly increased at each time point after administration in groups P and D ( P ＜ 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in the parameters of respiratory mechanics at each time point between group P and group D ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion Both intravenous penehyclidine hydrochloride and doxofylline can improve respiratory mechanics during non-thoracotomy in patients with COPD.