Objective Biodegradable is validated by the New Zealand rabbit femoral puncture mesh porous seepage prevention performance of the balloon.Methods The experiment was divided into the experimental group and control group, by piercing the New Zealand rabbit left leg near the femur, establish channel introduced after bone drill, fracture model is established, degradable mesh implant microporous balloon and/or bone cement.Observe and record the operation process of each New Zealand rabbit blood oxygen saturation change and cases of bone cement occur breakup and shortness of breath and groupings.Results Surgery under general anesthesia, bone cement injection process smoothly, balloon group of intraoperative breathing smooth, blood oxygen saturation has no obvious change; CPC group of blood oxygen saturation in the cement perfusion and perfusion after 81.63 +/-32.02, 32.02 +/-32.26, respectively, compared with perfusion 96.67 +/-1.71 in front of the difference is statistically significant, of which 3 cases died in 5 cases, shortness of breath, direct infusion of bone cement is more likely to lead to pulmonary embolism.Conclusions Further confirmed that the degradable mesh porous balloon seepage prevention of CPC and the breakup of the effect is obvious, comply with the design requirements.

The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is still a challenge that demands the development of effective new drugs.Phenformin has been shown to produce more potent anti-tumor activities than metformin on different tumors,however,not much is known about the influence of phenformin on OSCC cells.We found that phenformin suppresses OSCC cell proliferation,and promotes OSCC cell autophagy and apoptosis to significantly inhibit OSCC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro.RNA-seq analysis revealed that autophagy pathways were the main targets of phenformin and identified two new targets DDIT4(DNA damage inducible transcript 4)and NIBAN1(niban apoptosis regulator 1).We found that phenformin significantly induces the expression of both DDIT4 and NIBAN1 to promote OSCC autophagy.Further,the enhanced expression of DDIT4 and NIBAN1 elicited by phenformin was not blocked by the knockdown of AMPK but was suppressed by the knockdown of transcription factor ATF4(activation transcription factor 4),which was induced by phenformin treatment in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,these results revealed that phenformin triggers endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress to activate PERK(protein kinase R-like ER kinase),which phosphorylates the transitional initial factor eIF2,and the increased phosphorylation of eIF2 leads to the increased translation of ATF4.In summary,we discovered that phenformin induces its new targets DDIT4 and especially NIBAN1 to promote autophagic and apoptotic cell death to suppress OSCC cell growth.Our study supports the potential clinical utility of phenformin for OSCC treatment in the future.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth factor receptor，EGFR）基因突变与非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）伴脑转移患者预后的相关性，为改善NSCLC合并脑转移患者预后、指导个体化治疗提供临床依据。方法：回顾性分析福建省立医院2013年1月1日至2018年9月30日期间收治的88例NSCLC合并脑转移患者的临床资料，随访取得患者的死亡时间，随访截止日期为2019年10月31日。收集和分析的临床资料包括性别、年龄、吸烟史、病理类型、基因检测、治疗情况、无进展生存期（progression free survival，PFS）、总生存期（overall survival，OS）等。运用生存分析（Kaplan-Meier生存时间曲线）评价EGFR突变型患者的预后，以单因素分析（log-rank检验）预测影响EGFR-TKI治疗效果的因素。结果：88例NSCLC脑转移患者有57例为EGFR突变型，其中位PFS（MPFS）为13.0个月（95%CI：11.951~14.049），明显高于EGFR野生型患者（P=0.003），患者中位生存期（median survival time，MST）为29.0个月（95%CI：20.531~37.468），明显高于EGFR野生型（P=0.001）。EGFR突变型中，Exon19-del突变组患者较Exon21 L858R突变组患者OS有延长趋势（P=0.05），Exon19-del+Exon20T790M突变组患者OS较Exon21 L858R突变组有延长趋势（P=0.077）。结论：EGFR突变组较野生型组NSCLC脑转移患者预后相对好些，且携带19外显子单一缺失突变的患者预后最好。