1 000 yuan were 68.84%,14.34%,14.35%,2.48%,respectively.In terms of percentages of the categories at the levels above 100 yuan,leading the list were anti-neoplastic drugs,followed in descending order by drugs used for hematological system,anti-neoplastic adjuvants,biological response modifiers,anti-fungal drug and immunosuppressive agents etc.CONCLUSION:Hospital drug price level and percentages at each level tended to be more reasonable after many times policy price reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To provide valuable reference for China in formulating and evolving pricing policy on patent drugs.METHODS: The current pricing policy on patent drugs in Sweden and its outcome were analyzed,and then its implication for Chinese medical & health market were summarized.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that market information should be taken into full consideration and drugs price supervision system should be established in making pricing policy so as to avoid information asymmetry in pricing game and ensure effective utilization of social medical insurance resources.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pricing policy on the patent drugs in UK.METHODS: The current pricing policy on patent drugs in UK and the outcome of the policy were analyzed and its characteristics and applicable condition were summarized.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Current pricing policy on patent drugs in UK provided incentives for the research & development as well as innovation of drugs and it helped to keep UK's pharmaceutical industries in the global leading level.However,there is no mechanism within it to take explicit account of therapeutic value of drugs.Also,it provides weak incentives to invest in the most cost-effective yet clinically demanded drugs and it has limited effect on price control of drugs.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is the first human virus related to oncogenesis.EBV infection is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with unknown causality.The prevalence of EBV in intestinal tissue from patients with IBD is significantly higher and related to the exacerbation of the disease and refractory IBD.Immunosuppressive therapy has improved outcomes associated with IBD.However,it is also associated with an increased risk of opportunistic infection,and lymphoproliferative disorders (LDs) maybe due to EBV infection.Here we review our current understanding of the pathogenesis of EBV infection in colonic mucosal inflammation,EBV-induced disease exacerbation,lymphomagenesis in IBD,and clinical approaches therefrom.

Objective To study the effects of different types of ankle brace on human body static postural stability.Method Ten male subjects with unilateral functional ankle instability (FAI)were enrolled in the study.The FlexiForce pressure control system was used to control the pressure on the ankles when wearing the soft brace.The static postural stability without braces as well as with soft and semi-rigid braces was measured using WIN-POD system.Results (1)In eye-open testing,no significant difference was found in indexes of COP sway between wearing or not wearing braces (P＞0.05).Compared with wearing semi-rigid brace,significant increase was observed in the average X dev when wearing soft braces (P＜0.05).(2)In eye-close testing,no significant differences were found in COP sway either wearing braces or not,as well as wearing different braces.Conclusion Wearing soft and semi-rigid brace had no effects on the static postural stability of FAI patients.But the static balance ability of wearing semi-rigid braces is better than that of wearing soft braces.

Objective To study the clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of and the factors influencing prognosis of breast cancer(BC) in young women. Methods A restrospective analysis of the clinical data of 59 cases treated from Jan .1990 to Dec. 1998was carried out in the Second Xiangya Hospital. Results All patients underwent operation, including 31 radical mastectomy , 25 modified radical mastectomy and 3 simple mastectomy. 34 cases had axillary lymph node metastasis. The overall 3,5 and 7 year survival rates were 67.2% , 61.0% and 57.1%respectively. The 3,5 year survival rates in patients with axillary-lymph node metastasis were lower than those in patients without axillary lymph node metastasis (61.8%,45.5%vs 86.4% ,83.3%). The 3,5 year survival rates in patients with negative C erbB 2 expression were 84.6%,82.4% and in patients with positive C erbB 2 expression were 54.6%,45.8%,respectively(all P

Hemoperfusion ; Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy

Food allergy( FA) is a growing health problem which affects young children′s growth. Re-cent studies have showed that leukotrienes can contract gastrointestinal smooth muscle,increase intestinal perm-bility,and it is obviously related to the development of FA gastrointestinal disorder. Leukotriene receptor antago-nists have provided a good therapeutic option and showed clinical benefits in the management of the FA gastroin-testinal disorder.

The US federal government regards health information technology (HIT) as an important action to stimulate growth of the health information economy.To implement HIT,the federal government proposed a tiered plan from organization guarantee,institutional innovation,HIT system design to economy stimulating mechanism,and to health care providers as well.In view of China's HIT development,it is proposed that HIT must proceed with healthcare reform in parallel.Stage-setup by the government,competition among enterprises,and active role of medical service providers constitute fundamental guarantee to ensure HIT go on wheels.Electronic health records of individuals should play key roles in promoting pragmatic and shared medicine health care information system.

Objective　To establish a simple assay for quick scanning of effective agents in growth inhibition and apoptosis induction. Methods　After observing the correlation between cell number and acid phosphatase activity, and between cell apoptosis and acid phosphatase activity, we established a microplate densimetry method to measure the acid phosphatase activity. We also compared the sensitivity with MTT assay and confirmed cell apoptosis by flow cytometry. Results　In two cell lines of cancer (Hep G2 and CBRH-7919 cells), the acid phosphatase activity was correlated well with the cell number, and was directly proportional to the cell number in the range of 0.5×103～0.7×103. The coefficient reached to 0.994. After stimulation of phorbel ester (TPA) for one hour, the acid phosphatase activity rose significantly. In contrast, after the inhibition of cell growth by As2O3, the acid phosphatase activity decreased significantly. The higher the concentration of As2O3, the lower the acid phophatase activity. The acid phophatase activity went down significantly when apoptosis in Hep G2 cells was only 3.98% and no apoptosis in CBRH-7919 cells after 24-hour treatment with As2O3. Conclusions　The acid phophatase activity of cell may be used to measure cell proliferation and apoptosis. Because of the easiness and quickness, acid phophatase assay might be an ideal approach to scan the effective growth inhibitors and apoptosis inducers in a large number of drugs.