Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive neuromuscular disorder, and the carriers of DMD can suffer from cardiac damage without muscle weakness, which can predispose to death. Consequently detecting and preventing cardiac damage in the early stage can improve the carriers' quality of life. The detection of early cardiac abnormalities and the evaluation of cardiac function for carriers mainly rely on the different examination methods, including electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, radioactive nuclide myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary angiography. Carriers of DMD with cardiac damage are assessed by different examination methods in different ways.

Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography ; Encephalitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Epilepsia Partialis Continua ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVE: Polyurethane (PU) and silicon rubber have good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, easy processing and controlled properties, etc. Therefore, their researches exhibit an important significance in the designs of the medical appliance and body apparatus.DATA SOURCES: The computer respectively indexed the database articles of abroad El, SCI, CA, Science Direct (Elsevier) and Chinese periodical full text from January 1995 to May 2006, the indexed words were "Silicon rubber, polyurethane, medical materials", the article language category was limited respectively in English and Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: The relevant articles (full text) that meet the study were selected by the first trial. Inclusion criteria: ① Related to silicon rubber and polyurethane. ② The medical rubber apparatus and body organ design. Exclusion criteria: The repetitive studies.DATA EXTRACTION: Collect totally 122 relevant articles that use the medicinal rubber materials, and expel the repetitive or similar research,therefore 16 articles meeting the request.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Medicinal gum, hose and other products: The medical stopper used for sealing is requested to have the flexibility,resistant to cold, water, oil and disinfectant, and pinprick can still keep the original closeness and gastightness, etc. ② The abroad body organs: The material of repairing fracture, skull, meninges, bridge, auricle, mandible,windpipe, tear bolt, lung membrane, heart valve, stomach, intestine,peritoneum, penis, knuckle, muscle, knee membrane, skin and breast. ③ The research and expectation of the medicinal silicon rubber and polyurethane offer more medicinal apparatus and body organ.CONCLUSION: The study of the medicinal silicon rubber and polyurethane make people design and produce more cheap artificial organ and medicinal apparatus. More materials were applied to the clinic, so that satisfy the demand of many patients.

Child ; Epilepsies, Partial ; Humans

Multiple etiological factors are integrally involved in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection.Interleukin-10 (IL-10)is an essential cytokine of immune regulation,and IL-10 gene promoter polymorphism affects its mRNA transcription and serum level. IL-10 is related to the prognosis of HBV infection.This review briefly discusses the association of IL-10 gene polymorphism and its serum level with the prognosis of HBV infection,and summarizes the role of IL-10,as an anti-inflammatory cytokine,in host immune function, the prognosis and progression of HBV infection,and HBV-related complications.IL-10 gene polymorphism and its serum level are closely associated with inflammatory response after HBV infection,influence HBV clearance,and are related to the severity of HBV-related liver injury,liver cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma.The determination of IL-10 gene and serum levels may provide a predictive marker for the prognosis of HBV infection.

High density lipoprotein ( HDL ) has been considered as an important mediator in favoring cardioprotective effects .However , recent studies revealed that HDL-C-raising therapeutics alone failed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases , suggesting that the HDLfunctionalitymay be more critical for its cardioprotective properties than the simple HDL-C levels.microRNAs ( miRNAs) have been identified as the novel regulators of lipid metabolism and played essential roles in the key steps of reverse cholesterol transport, involving in HDL biogenesis , cellular cholesterol mobilization , hepatic HDL uptake and excretion.The intensive research on lipid metabolism-related miRNAs may provide further clarification on the molecular regulatory mechanisms for HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport and plasma HDL-C levels, advancing our knowledge on the effects of HDL in pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases.

Even though a single prescription may be applied in different treatments, it may not be effective in treating patients with complex conditions. In cases like this, the problem can only be solved through the expanding of medicines in a prescription. Because a new prescription is not easy to create, the usage of adding another or more appropriate prescriptions into the prescription can be considered to expand the curative effects. The existing prescriptions were left by the confirmation of their curative effects from clinical tests which made by doctors of several generations. Therefore, the combination of prescriptions is a method which is convenient and easy to control the curative effects. By analogical reasoning, prescription user often uses a single prescription as a basic unit to generate the combined prescriptions from the existing corresponding prescription. It follows the rule of treatment based on syndrome differentiation to take a dynamic adjustment for complex symptoms. Disease with multiple major symptoms is the main basis for a doctor to use combined prescriptions. The combination of different prescriptions may produce the curative effects of addition, reinforcement, antagonism, or even new effects. Since traditional prescriptions have experienced many years of clinical tests, doctors who utilize traditional prescriptions actively will have more methods and ways to treat diseases.

Cerebral Palsy ; diagnosis ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Hearing Disorders ; etiology ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Prognosis ; Research Report

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans

Regular checking blood lipids may be served as the important approach for the risk assessment and prevention of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). It has been emphasized by several dyslipidemia management guidelines that the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was the primary intervention target for prevention of ASCVD risk. Recent studies have demonstrated that small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) or sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels as the biomarker for the prediction and risk assessment of ASCVD may be more sensitive than LDL-C. The isolation and detection methods of sdLDL or sdLDL-C were developed from the traditional ultracentrifugation or gel electrophoresis to the efficient, fast, accurate automated processing system. The continuous advances and popularization in analytical techniques of LDL subcomponents provided new methods and ideas for their application in the risk assessment and prevention of ASCVD.