Objective To determine the timing of surgical treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst(PPC) secondary to severe acute pancreatitis(SAP). Methods Twenty-seven cases of PPC appearing 4-8 weeks after SAP were treated with internal drainage were included in group A.Of the 27 cases,10 received cystojejunostomy by stapler.In other 30 cases in group B,surgical procedures were performed 24 weeks after the formation of the cyst.Several parameters were compared between the 2 groups.Results The incidence of anastomotic leakage,average duration of hospitalization and mean fee for hospitalization were significantly lower in group A than in group B(P0.05).Emergency surgical treatments were performed in 5 patients in group B due to complications of introcystic hemorrhage(1 patients),introcystic infection(2 patients) and cystic rupture(2 patients).Conclusions Accurate diagnosis and early surgical treatments are effective and safe for treatment of PPC secondary to SAP.Meanwhile,they might be helpful for avoiding complications of introcystic infection,introcystic hemorrhage and cystic rupture.

ABSTRACT:Norovirus infection in human and animals can cause acute viral gastroenteritis .With molecular biology ,cell culture and animal models of development ,the different groups of norovirus genome sequenced ,the virus capsid protein ex‐pressed in vitro in eukaryotic ,prokaryotic and plant systems ,and thus the characteristics of the virus with some new under‐standing and perspective .Recently ,an increasing number of studies were focused on the norovirus and related topics along with the research progress all around the world .Here we systematically expound the latest advances in norovirus research from dif‐ferent aspects ,such as genome structure and function ,cell culture ,tissue tropism ,epidemiology ,virus infection mechanism , detection methods and vaccine development .Furthermore ,different viewpoints for norovirus molecular evolution ,detection technology and transmission route will be discussed as well .

Objective To investigation effect of glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection on lobar pneumonia IL-10 and serum TNF-levels.Methods 120 cases of lobar pneumonia in children were selected respiratory department fromasin our hospital in December 2012 to December 2014 as the object of study, were divided into control group and observation group, control group were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection,the observation group in the control group based on the combined with Qingkailing injection, serum IL-10, TNF-a level and curative effect were compared between the two groups pre-and post-treatment in patients.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 86.67%, higher than that of the control group, the total effective rate was 70%(P <0.05).Before treatment, the two groups of patients with TNF-αand IL-10 were not statistically significant difference.After treatment, the two groups of patients with TNF-αand IL-10 were decreased, and lower than the control group (P<0.05) .Conclusion Glucocorticoid combined with Qingkailing injection can reduce serum IL-10, TNF-alpha level in lobar pneumonia,has a definite effect.

After a description of the association of learning sciences with library and information science and the necessity to introduce learning sciences into library and information science , the role and profound influence of learning sciences in the development of modern library were summarized .

BACKGROUND:Articular capsule ligaments can lead articular surface to move normally and limit the excessive movement, especially to prevent any non-physiological movement. They are the important structures for stabilizing hip joints. It was previously thought that articular capsule should be routinely resected in the total hip arthroplasty (THA). OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of retaining articular capsule in THA through posterior approach on maintaining hip stability. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: This study, a retrospective case analysis, was performed on 61 patients with femoral neck fracture, who received treatment in the Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South between January 2005 and December 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine patients who underwent THA with retaining articular capsule from January to December 2006 were included as retaining group, and thirty-two patients who underwent THA with routine resection of partial articular capsule were included as routine group. The two groups were kept identical in case selection, prosthesis selection, post-surgery processing and operators. METHODS: Four holes were drilled on greater trochanter on the proximal femoral bone. The superior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the superior part of original articular capsule using No.1-0 absorbing thread, then sutured to base of femoral neck in mattress manner, and the suture was not ligated. The inferior part of articular capsule valve was sutured to the inferior part of original articular capsule using another suture. And the suture passed through two bone holes on base of femoral neck. The lower limbs were externally rotated and the suture was ligated. Subsequently, the excised extortor was repaired. Prior to and subsequent to suture, hip was slowly bent for 90° and femur was internally rotated for45°to investigate the suture of articular capsule on strengthening articular stability. MAI OUTCOME MEASURES: Operation time, bleeding volume and hip dislocation after THA. RESULTS: The operation time and bleeding volume were lower in the retaining group than in the routine group (P < 0.05). After THA, hip dislocation did not occur in any patients in the retaining group but occur in 2 patients (6.2%) in the routine group. Statistical tests could not be performed due to less data, resulting in no statistical significance.CONCLUSION: There has been no precise conclusion about the effects of retaining articular capsule or not on hip stability.But retaining articular capsule shortens operation time, reduces intrao-perative bleeding, unable raise operation risk, and re-establishes hip soft tissue balance.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical-pathway-based teaching effect in teaching urological postgraduate students in department of urology.Methods36 students were divided to two groups:18 students are the clinical pathway based teaching group, and the other 18 students are traditional teaching group.Examination was used to compare the effect of each teaching method after 6 month.The examination including history collection,physical examination and case file writing,clinical case analysis,clinical operational skills test and basic theory.ResultsThe record of history collection,physical examination and case file writing and basic theory test in clinical pathway based teaching group is not different between the two groups,but the record of clinical case analysis and clinical operational skills test in clinical pathway group is better than the traditional teaching group.ConclusionClinical pathway based teaching can improve the teaching effect of clinical case analysis and clinical operational skills in urological postgraduate students,and can improve the strengthen of clinical thinking and working ability.

Objective To explore the feasibility of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) septal pacing. Methods Fifty-two patients implanted with pacemaker were randomly divided into two groups. One group underwent the RVOT septal pacing with active fixation electrodes (active fixation electrodes group, 22 cases),and the other group underwent the right ventricular apical pacing with passive fixation electrodes (passive fixation electrodes group, 30 cases). The parameters of two groups in operation were recorded. Results The successful rate of RVOT septal pacing was 100%, active fixation electrodes group took more time to plant electrodes and expose in X-ray than passive fixation electrodes group [ (56.13±1.18)min vs (15.42±1.24) min, (18.77±6.14) min vs (10.12±8.14) min, P<0.05]. The width of the QRS wave of active fixation electrodes group was narrower than that of passive fixation electrodes group [(0.14±0.02)ms vs (0.16±0.04) ms, P< 0.05]. The parameters of two groups were stable in follow-up period and none of electrodes was extracted. Conclusion The usage of active fixation electrodes in patients with RVOT septal pacing is feasible and safe.

There are many associated genes,proteins and cytokines altering in the genesis and development of breast cancer.It is very important to detect these tumor markers for the diagnosis,therapy and prognosis prodicting of breast cancer.In recent years,following by molecular biology development,the detection items on associated genes and proteins of breast cancer have been carried out one after another,such as ER,PR,HER-2,p53 and so on.However,these detection contents are not identical by each other from different areas and hospitals,without unified standard.

Space-time is extremely attached importance to in the thinking of recognizing diseases and syndrome differentiations in TCM. For instance, internal/external and upper/lower in Neijing, are the concept of compartmentalization of the tissue and structure in the body, also are the mechanism of recognizing generations and changes of diseases by combining both space and time organically. Moreover, the thinking of upper/lower and internal/external syndrome differentiations and treatments in TCM constitute a relatively completely space-time system, which are in favor of systematicness and integrality of syndrome differentiation and analysis, and then are usually used clinically. Therefore, upper/lower syndrome differentiation is the medical concept deriving from yin/yang. However, it exceeds mechanical space-time concept, also has the meaning of‘principle’ to guide syndrome differentiation and treatment. Thus, raising an issue that blending the thinking of upper/lower syndrome differentiation into eight principles and other methods of syndrome differentiation, in order to make methods of syndrome differentiation more practical.

Objective To probe the methods of experimental research for the drug activities of the rat prostates. Methods With androgen and Staphylococcus aureus injected into the prostates, the bacterial prostatitis (BP) models and benign prostatic hyperplasia with bacterial prostatitis (BHP-BP) models were developed. The animals were fed with tetracycline and then the drug activities in the serum and the prostatic tissues, the quantities of the bacteria and the histopathlogical changes in the prostateic tissues were separately detected in different time. ResultsAfter ten days, the histopathlogical changes of the benign hyperplasia and mesenchyma were found in the prostatic tissue from BHP animals and acute suppurative inflammation were dicegnosed in prostatic tissue from the BP group after infected for two days. The drug activities of 22.44 mg/g in BP group and 20.26 mg/g in BPH-BP group were found until 3.5～4 hours and the values were higher than MBC of the tetracycline and the antibacterial activity of the sera at the same time. After 8 to 11 days of treating, the bacteria would not be isolated from the prostates of the animals with BP or BHP-BP. Stopping treatment a week 11 days after treating acute or chronic inflammation histopathlogical change did not be found in the prostates of animals with BP. 30 CFU of bacteria could be found in per gram tissue of prostate and both of the acute and chronic suppurative inflammation could be found in the BP group without treatment at the 28 days afterinfected.Conclusion The tetracycline activities in the prostates of rats with BP or BPH-BPis same as or even higher than that of serum and the MBC of the drug. The quantity of sensitive bacteria in prostates will be diminished and disappeared during treatment.