[Objective] To emphasize the importance of early prevention and treatment, this article discusses on the theory and application of preventive treatment of disease from traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. [Methods] With de-tailed research into related study of risk factors affecting carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients from recent years, comprehensive summary of tra-ditional risk factors and risk factors of the latest findings were demonstrated. The prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mel itus was discussed in two aspects by theory of“preventive treatment of disease. [Result] In diabetic patients without carotid atherosclerosis, early and timely intervention can prevent the occurrence and development of the diabetes vascular lesions; In diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis, active treatment can reduce the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction and other critical care. [Conclusion] In patients with type 2 diabetes, risk factors affect-ing carotid atherosclerosis should be control ed and intervened early, which can effectively reduce the occurrence and development of the diabetes vascular lesions to improve the quality of life, but early diagnosis technology and indicators need to be further researched.

Cytochrome P450 enzyme are an important enzyme family in drug metabolism. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes have been studied entensively about their polymorphism in recent years. polymorphism of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 have been detected at both phenotypic and genotypic level, and their molecular mechanism have been studied entensively, however, the molecular mechanism of other enzymes for exzample CYP2C9,CYP1A1,CYP2E1 et al) is being discussed, though these enzymes possiblely exist polymorphism. The article summarizes the substrates of P450, molucular mechanism of polymorphism, and paticular reference to the effects of this variation on drug metabolism and susceptibility to chemically-induced diseases.

Diastolic and systolic dysfunction of cerebral artery is an important pathophysioiogical basis of the occurrence and development of cerebrovascular diseases, and is also the presence of decreased cerebrovascular reserve capacity. Cerebrovascular myogenic and metabolic regulation abilities can be evaluated by different methods so as to reflect cerebrovascular reserve capacity, of those, transcranial Doppler ultrasonography is the most widely used one. Various diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and carotid atherosclerosis also have great effect on cerebrovascular reserve capacity.

Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Etanercept ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; therapeutic use

Objective　To observe the effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid treatment combined with Methotrexate or Vincristine on a human malignant glioma cell line. Methods　The effect of drugs on the cells was measured by MTT, and the protein expression of cyclin D1 gene in the cells was measured by immunohistochemistry assay. Results　①The anti-tumor effects of drugs on the cells were increased with the increasing of concentrations, and had a combined function between NDGA and MTX or VCR. ②There was no difference between the effect of treating NDGA with MTX or VCR given at the same time and MTX or VCR given after 24 h of NDGA treatment, but the effects were apparently different when NDGA was administrated after MTX or VCR treatment for 24 h. ③The protein expression of cyclin D1 gene in the cells was apparently reduced after NDGA treatment. Conclusion　There is a cooperative function between NDGA and MTX or VCR on the cells, and the function is probably related to the NDGA-induced down-regulation of protein expression of cyclin D1 gene in the cells.

Cancer is one of the gene diseases. The genome stability is closely associated with the occurrence of cancers. XRCC1 gene is one of the DNA repair genes. It participates in the repair process when the genome is injured. So it is considered important in maintaining the stability of the genome and in the prevention of tumor occurrence. This article introduced the characteristic of XRCC1 gene, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of the gene and susceptibility to tumor, and the common methods used in the XRCC1 research.

PKHD1 ( polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1), the causal gene of human autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease(ARPKD), is located on chromosome 6p12.2 and covers a genomic region of ～500 kb. PKHD1 is among the largest human genes, with a minimum of 86 exons from which multiple transcripts may be generated by alternative splicing. The longest continuous open reading frame consists of 12 222 bp, encoding a 4 074 amino acid protein, designated as fibrocystin/polyductin (FPC). FPC is predicted to be a receptor like protein, with single transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. The expression of mouse FPC can be detected in various duct-containing organs. In mouse embryogenesis, FPC appears in developing neural tube, bronchi, and the primordial gut as early as the day of E9.5. In fetal human kidneys, high level of FPC expression is present in ureteric bud and its expression continues throughout the process of renal tubuobranching. In adult human kidneys, FPC mainly expresses in the epithelia of renal collecting ducts. FPC is subcellularly localized to the primary cilia and concentrated on the basal bodies in renal epithelial cells. The detail function of FPC is still unrevealed, most recent studies demonstrate that FPC, as a receptor, may transduce cell signal by interacting with a trp superfamily TRPP2 (PKD2), which is a causal gene for ADPKD, and mediate intracellular calcium homeostasis to regulate differentiation, proliferation, migration and polarity of various duct/tubular epithelia, in turn, to modulate the formation of all physiologic ducts, tubules and tracts.

Early diagnosis of inflammation and properly interfere to improve the prognosis are very important.However,it is difficult to verify inflammation or differentiate inflammation from infection in clinic,especially in the condition of underlying inflammation.Currently,radiopharmaceuticals based on researches of pathophysiology progress of diseases are studied constantly.This review summarizes the potential inflammation imaging radiotracers and their mechanisms,potential clinical application value.

Objective:To understand the situation of drug expense dishonour to the patients participated in health insurance new rural cooperative medical system ( NCMS) in our hospital, analyze the dishonour reasons and find countermeasures. Methods:The da-ta of drug expense dishonour to the patients participated in health insurance NCMS were collected in our hospital during October 2014 and October 2015, the reasons for the dishonour were analyzed, and countermeasures were proposed in order to reduce the dishonour under the policy of health insurance NCMS. Results:The most common reason of drug expense dishonour was the violation of restricted medication rules in the policy followed by the irrational use of Chinese medicines and antimicrobial drugs. Hospital should look for countermeasures according to the reasons for the dishonour in order to promote the implementation of the new rural cooperative medical policy and strengthen the rational and regular drug use under the policy of health insurance NCMS. Conclusion: The most important reason for drug expense dishonour was the incompletely implementation of the policy of health insurance NCMS, and the violation of drug use exists in our hospital. Pharmacy department should supervise drug use, focus on promoting the policy of health insurance NC-MS, implement forward position, participate in medication development and promote rational drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare rufloxacin hydrochloride gel and establish a quality control method of the gel METHODS:Carbopol940 was used as the gel base,the content of rufloxacin hydrochloride was determined with UV-spectrophotometry and the stability test was performed RESULTS:There was a good linearity of calibration curve of rufloxacin hydrochloride in range 2～10?g/ml,r=0 9 999,the average recovery was 99 53%,RSD was 0 38%(n=6) The gel was stable CONCLUSION:The design of the gel formulation is reasonable The gel can be prepared feasibly and is stable in quality,convenient in use