Antirheumatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Etanercept ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; therapeutic use

Cytochrome P450 enzyme are an important enzyme family in drug metabolism. Human cytochrome P450 enzymes have been studied entensively about their polymorphism in recent years. polymorphism of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 have been detected at both phenotypic and genotypic level, and their molecular mechanism have been studied entensively, however, the molecular mechanism of other enzymes for exzample CYP2C9,CYP1A1,CYP2E1 et al) is being discussed, though these enzymes possiblely exist polymorphism. The article summarizes the substrates of P450, molucular mechanism of polymorphism, and paticular reference to the effects of this variation on drug metabolism and susceptibility to chemically-induced diseases.

[Objective] To emphasize the importance of early prevention and treatment, this article discusses on the theory and application of preventive treatment of disease from traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. [Methods] With de-tailed research into related study of risk factors affecting carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients from recent years, comprehensive summary of tra-ditional risk factors and risk factors of the latest findings were demonstrated. The prevention and treatment of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mel itus was discussed in two aspects by theory of“preventive treatment of disease. [Result] In diabetic patients without carotid atherosclerosis, early and timely intervention can prevent the occurrence and development of the diabetes vascular lesions; In diabetic patients with carotid atherosclerosis, active treatment can reduce the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction and other critical care. [Conclusion] In patients with type 2 diabetes, risk factors affect-ing carotid atherosclerosis should be control ed and intervened early, which can effectively reduce the occurrence and development of the diabetes vascular lesions to improve the quality of life, but early diagnosis technology and indicators need to be further researched.

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative agitation in children patients . Method Forty-four children undergoing surgeries in our hospital between March 2011 and March 2014 were treated with intravenous injection of 10 mL dexmedetomidine with a dose of 0.5μg/kg in 15 minutes after general anesthesia. Result The occurrence rate of postoperative restlessness was only 6.82%(3/44). Conclusion The use of dexmedetomidine combined with specific clinical nursing intervention for children undergoing surgery can effectively reduce the occurrence of postoperative restlessness , which ensures the clinical therapeutic effect and life safety.

Objective To observe the correlation between protein C activity-dependent clotting time-normalized ratio (PCAT-NR) and the related blood coagulation parameters,e.g.,fibrinogen (Fib),factor Ⅶ coagulant activity (Ⅶ:C),factor Ⅷcoagulant activity (F Ⅷ:C),antithrombin (AT),D-dimer (DD) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred cases of patients who were diagnosed as acute cerebral infarction according to clinical manifestations and imaging examinations were taken as the test group and 75 healthy subjects were taken as control group.The values of Fib,FⅦ:C,FⅧ:C,AT,PCAT-NR,DD were tested and the difference between the two groups were compared.The differences of Fib,FⅦ:C,FⅧ:C,DD and AT between declined PCAT-NR group and normal PCAT-NR group in the patients with acute cerebral infarction were analyzed.The correlations of PCAT-NR with other coagulation parameters in acute cerebral infarction cases were compared.Results The values of Fib (3.38 ± 1.25) g/L,F Ⅶ:C (130.5 ± 15.9) ％,FⅧ:C (135.8 ± 43.1) ％ and DD (2.12:±:3.01) mg/L in the acute cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those of control group,while the values of AT (83.94 ± 14.95) ％ and PCAT-NR (0.87 ± 0.23) in test group were significantly lower than those the control group (P＜0.05).The values of Fib (4.03 ± 1.25)g/L,FⅦ:C (138.2 ±6.9)％ and FⅧ:C (151.5 ± 54.9)％ of PCAT-NR declined group in the patients with acute cerebral infarction were significantly higher than those of PCAT-NR normal group (P ＜ 0.05),while the values of DD,AT were not statistically different between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The values of PCAT-NR were significantly negatively correlated with Fib,FⅧ:C and DD in the patients with acute cerebral infarction (r =-0.484,-0.356 and-0.473,respectively (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation of PCAT-NR with FⅦ:C and AT (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The PCAT-NR decline was associated with high coagulation state in patients with acute cerebral infarction.This decline has some correlation with high level of blood clotting factor Ⅷ and Fib.

Cancer is one of the gene diseases. The genome stability is closely associated with the occurrence of cancers. XRCC1 gene is one of the DNA repair genes. It participates in the repair process when the genome is injured. So it is considered important in maintaining the stability of the genome and in the prevention of tumor occurrence. This article introduced the characteristic of XRCC1 gene, the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism of the gene and susceptibility to tumor, and the common methods used in the XRCC1 research.

Early diagnosis of inflammation and properly interfere to improve the prognosis are very important.However,it is difficult to verify inflammation or differentiate inflammation from infection in clinic,especially in the condition of underlying inflammation.Currently,radiopharmaceuticals based on researches of pathophysiology progress of diseases are studied constantly.This review summarizes the potential inflammation imaging radiotracers and their mechanisms,potential clinical application value.

Objective:To understand the situation of drug expense dishonour to the patients participated in health insurance new rural cooperative medical system ( NCMS) in our hospital, analyze the dishonour reasons and find countermeasures. Methods:The da-ta of drug expense dishonour to the patients participated in health insurance NCMS were collected in our hospital during October 2014 and October 2015, the reasons for the dishonour were analyzed, and countermeasures were proposed in order to reduce the dishonour under the policy of health insurance NCMS. Results:The most common reason of drug expense dishonour was the violation of restricted medication rules in the policy followed by the irrational use of Chinese medicines and antimicrobial drugs. Hospital should look for countermeasures according to the reasons for the dishonour in order to promote the implementation of the new rural cooperative medical policy and strengthen the rational and regular drug use under the policy of health insurance NCMS. Conclusion: The most important reason for drug expense dishonour was the incompletely implementation of the policy of health insurance NCMS, and the violation of drug use exists in our hospital. Pharmacy department should supervise drug use, focus on promoting the policy of health insurance NC-MS, implement forward position, participate in medication development and promote rational drug use.

From the course setting and method of using case-study teaching in the medical microbiology,the article discussed its advantages and disadvantages,finding that carrying out such method can improve students' learning interest,their thinking and discriminating abilities and the humanism,thus giving some new opinions about the reform of the course system in the future.