Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

OBJECTIVETo observe mainfestations of syndrome and biochemical indices of hypertensive model rats with excessive accumulation of phlegm-dampness syndrome (EAPDS), and to explore its possible pathological mechanism.

METHODSEAPDS rat model was prepared in 50 Wistar rats by feeding with high fat forage. Meanwhile, a normal control group consisting of 10 Wistar rats was set up by feeding with normal forage. After 25-week continuous feeding, 22 rats with body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) exceeding 25% those of the control group were selected as a model group. BW, BP, blood lipids, and related serological indicators were detected in all rats. Morphological changes of target organs were observed. mRNA expression levels of leptin receptor (LepR), Janus kinase2 (Jak2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (Socs3), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AT2), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (P13K), serine threonine kinase (Akt), nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κBp65), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase α (IKKα), NF-kappa-B inhibitor β (lKKβ), NF-kappa-B inhibitor α (IKBα), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Expression levels of AT1 and LepR in aorta were detected by immunohistochemical assay and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, BW, BP, and blood lipids increased; serum levels of leptin (Lep) , Ang II, Hcy, ET-1, TNF-α, IL-6, and p2-MG increased, but NO decreased in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Aortal endothelial injury and smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred in the model group, accompanied with heart and renal injury. Compared with the control group, mRNA expression levels of LepR, Jak2, Stat3, Socs3, AT1 , PI3K, Akt, NF-κB p65, IKKβ, IKBα, and AMPK in aorta were up-regulated significantly (P < 0.05), while the expression of IKKa decreased (P < 0.05). Immunohistochem- ical staining showed, brownish yellow deposit of AT1 and LepR was obviously increased, with more extensively positive distribution. Western blot results showed, as compared with the control group, protein expression levels of AT1 and LepR obviously increased in the model group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSModel rats exhibited typical syndromes of EAPDS. They put up weight with fat abdomen, gloomy hair, poor appetite, hypersomnia, lowered activities , reduced food intake, loose stool, dark red tongue, white tongue with white, thick, greasy fur. Lep could be taken as one of objective indicators for evaluating hypertension rat model with EAPDS.

Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; I-kappa B Proteins ; Interleukin-6 ; Leptin ; blood ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; Transcription Factor RelA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Described in the paper is the reform made at public hospitals in Zhejiang province,with analysis of its problems and causes. Based on such,the authors proposed the following actions:to accelerate the reform of public hospitals centering on health promotion, and encourage such hospitals to shoulder the health care responsibility on behalf of the government; to proceed with hierarchical medical system and contract-based service focusing on capacity building of general practitioners; to attract private capital into building the healthcare system; and to motivate non-governmental organizations to cater to diversified healthcare needs of the people.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Xiaoer Reganning oral liquid(XRN) on clinical symptoms and signs of children with acute upper respiratory tract infections.METHODS:161 children with acute upper respiratory tract infections were randomly divided into three groups.The patients were treated with XRN(XRN group,60 cases),Shuanghuanglian oral liquid(SHL group,41 cases) and Wei C Yingqiao granules(WCG group,60 cases),3～4 times every day for 3 days.The changes of clinical symptoms of coughing rhinorrhea,lassitude,anorexia and dyssomnia,and signs of pharyngeal congestion and tonsillar swelling were studied on the patients before and after treatment for three days,and the results of three groups were compared.RESULTS:The improvement of the clinical symptoms and signs in XRN group was better than that in the control groups(P

Objective To investigate the effect of phosphatidylinesitol-3 kinase/serine threonine kinase (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway on expression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1) in the hippocampus neurons of rat brain. Methods Forty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank control group, sham-operated group, insulin group and wortmannin group. Insulin or the specific inhibitor of PI3K, wortmannin was injected into hippocampus neurons to activate or inhibit the signaling pathway in insulin group or wortmannin group, respectively. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot were used to analyze the proteins levels of PI3K/Akt and BACE1. Results In insulin treatment group,among the proteins downstream of signaling pathway, expression of Akt increased (0. 952±0.060 vs 0.835±0.029,t=4.9150, P=0.0001), phospho-Akt set473 increased (0.800±0.075 vs 0.657± 0.025,t=4.5598, P=0.0002), phospho-GSK-3α decreased (0.604±0.062 vs 0.726±0.041, t= 3.5871, P=0.0018 ), and the expression of mature BACE1 and β-CTF significantly decreased. In wortmannin group, the expression of Akt and phospho-Akt ser473 were inhibited; phospho-GSK-3α increased ; mature BACEI (1.004±0.096) and β-CTF (1.031±0.048) increased (t=11.5980, P= 0.0000 and t =4.2194, P =0.0004, respectively). Conclusions PI3K/Akt signaling pathway might effect the expression of BACE1, in which impaired signaling pathway may cause the amyloid precursor protein to be easily processed by BACE1, and thus involves the pathology of Alzheimer' s disease.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy of modified FOLFOX7 regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 30 patients with advanced gastric cancer who had been admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2005 to January 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received modified FOLFOX7 regimen [oxaliplatin (100 mg/m~2) + fluorouracil (2400 mg/m~2) + calcium folinate (400 mg/m~2)] for 2-4 courses before operation. The efficacy and toxicity of the modified FOLFOX7 were evaluated before and after the operation. All data were analyzed via chi-square test. Results The pre-and postoperative downstaging rates were 27% (8/30) and 47% (14/30), respectively. The total effective rate of modified FOLFOX7 regimen was 43% (13/30). Complete remission was observed in 1 patient. The toxicity was mild. Radical resection was accomplished in 28 patients (93%). There was no statistical difference between the 2 criteria in evaluating the efficacy of modified FOLFOX7 regimen (χ~2= 2.584, P>0.05). Conclusion Modified FOLFOX7 regimen is effective and well-tolerable for patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution on acute upper respiratory tract infection of children. Methods: 161 children with acute upper respiratory tract infection were randomly divided into 3 groups. 60 patients at different age ranges in Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution group were treated with Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution at different dosags, 3～4 times every day. The treatment course was 3 days. Patients' body-temperatures before and after treatment were recorded. The temperature differences in various time points before and after treatment were computed, and compared with the results of Shuanghuanglian Oral Solution group and Wei C Yingqiao Tablets group.Results: All three drugs could reduce the patients' body-temperatures gradually, but the antipyretic action of Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution was the strongest. There were significant differences in temperature difference between Xiaoerreganning Oral Solution Group and Wei C Yinqiao Granules (in 2 or 6h after treatment and in 1 day or 3 days after treatment, P

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency catheter ablation for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia in patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia after radiofrequency catheter ablation treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University based on the follow-up and retrospective analysis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 63 patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation during January 2008 and March 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University.In the follow-up,Holter moniterings were reviewed to evaluate ventricular arrhythmia and echocardiography to assess the ejection fractions and left ventricular end-diastolic diameters.Results The immediate success rate of catheter ablation for the treatment of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia was 89.29% and the long-term success was 82.14%.The ejection fractions and left ventricular end-diastolic diameters were not obviously improved after radiofrequency ablation (P > 0.05 ). The ventricular premature contractions were significantly reduced after radiofrequency ablation (P <0.05).In postoperative care, one case was found with ruptured sinus valsalva tumor and another patient was found with the complication of hematoma in femoral artery puncture.Conclusion Radiofrequency ablation for idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia is safe and effective.

Scientific review, time schedule of ethical review, standards of review, the compensation for injuries of subjects in clinical research and the relation between the ethical review and scientific integrity are common issues in ethical review of clinical research. This paper had an in-depth discussion on issues mentioned above. The interna-tional rules were referred and the personal suggestions were also provided for the reference in further discussion.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of prenatal ultrasonography in the fetal intracranial hemorrhage.MethodsIn a retrospective analysis,the ultrasonographic findings of five fetuses with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed in our hospital were reviewed and compared with other imagemodalities.ResultsIn the five fetuses with intracranial hemorrhage,the ultrasonographic features mainly includeddilateduni-orbilateralventriclesandintraventricularechogenicfociorperiventricular echodensities.The diagnosis of all cases were confirmed by prenatal magnetic resonance.Four of these cases chose termination of pregnancy,and the other fetus had a normal neurological follow-up after birth.Conclusions Fetal intracranial hemorrhage can be diagnosed accurately by prenatal ultrasonography,especially in the second and third trimester.It is rarely associated with other anomalies.Prenatal sonographic examination may detect the lesion and help to evaluate the prognosis.