A noncontact mapping system (EnSite) was used for electroanatomical mapping of the bladder simultaneously with pressure flow study in three women with lower urinary tract symptoms. We selected the periods of obvious detrusor activity. Data were processed to remove baseline drift, and an envelope of electrovesicography (EVG) data was created. The correlation coefficient for the correlation between between the EVG envelope and the detrusor pressure (P(det)) was calculated. Bladder geometry was successfully created in all 3 patients. Simultaneous recording of EVG and pressure flow data was successful in 1 patient. Scatter plots were made of the highest correlation coefficient, showing a positive correlation between the P(det) and the envelope, and negative correlation between abdominal pressure (P(abd)) and the envelope. Minimal electrical activity could be observed. Significant weak to moderate correlation coefficients were found for the correlations between P(det) and EVG and between P(abd) and EVG.
Female ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUND: The developmental abnormality spina bifida is hallmarked by missing tissues (e.g. skin) and exposure of the spinal cord to the amniotic fluid, which can negatively impact neurological development. Surgical closure of the skin in utero limits neurological damage, but in large defects this results in scarring and contractures. Stimulating skin regeneration in utero would greatly benefit treatment outcome. Previously, we demonstrated that a porous type I collagen (COL) scaffold, functionalized with heparin (HEP), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (COL-HEP/GF) improved pre- and postnatal skin regeneration in a fetal sheep full thickness wound model. In this study we uncover the early events associated with enhanced skin regeneration. METHODS: We investigated the gene expression profiles of healing fetal skin wounds two weeks after implantation of the COL(-HEP/GF) scaffolds. Using laser dissection and microarrays, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the epidermis and dermis between untreated wounds, COL-treated wounds and wounds treated with COL-HEP/GF.Biological processes were identified using gene enrichment analysis and DEG were clustered using protein–proteininteraction networks. RESULTS: COL-HEP/GF influences various interesting biological processes involved in wound healing. Although the changes were modest, using protein–protein-interaction networks we identified a variety of clustered genes that indicate COL-HEP/GF induces a tight but subtle control over cell signaling and extracellular matrix organization. CONCLUSION These data offer a novel perspective on the key processes involved in (fetal) wound healing, where a targeted and early interference during wound healing can result in long-term enhanced effects on skin regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The developmental abnormality spina bifida is hallmarked by missing tissues (e.g. skin) and exposure of the spinal cord to the amniotic fluid, which can negatively impact neurological development. Surgical closure of the skin in utero limits neurological damage, but in large defects this results in scarring and contractures. Stimulating skin regeneration in utero would greatly benefit treatment outcome. Previously, we demonstrated that a porous type I collagen (COL) scaffold, functionalized with heparin (HEP), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (COL-HEP/GF) improved pre- and postnatal skin regeneration in a fetal sheep full thickness wound model. In this study we uncover the early events associated with enhanced skin regeneration. METHODS: We investigated the gene expression profiles of healing fetal skin wounds two weeks after implantation of the COL(-HEP/GF) scaffolds. Using laser dissection and microarrays, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the epidermis and dermis between untreated wounds, COL-treated wounds and wounds treated with COL-HEP/GF.Biological processes were identified using gene enrichment analysis and DEG were clustered using protein–proteininteraction networks. RESULTS: COL-HEP/GF influences various interesting biological processes involved in wound healing. Although the changes were modest, using protein–protein-interaction networks we identified a variety of clustered genes that indicate COL-HEP/GF induces a tight but subtle control over cell signaling and extracellular matrix organization. CONCLUSION These data offer a novel perspective on the key processes involved in (fetal) wound healing, where a targeted and early interference during wound healing can result in long-term enhanced effects on skin regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The developmental abnormality spina bifida is hallmarked by missing tissues (e.g. skin) and exposure of the spinal cord to the amniotic fluid, which can negatively impact neurological development. Surgical closure of the skin in utero limits neurological damage, but in large defects this results in scarring and contractures. Stimulating skin regeneration in utero would greatly benefit treatment outcome. Previously, we demonstrated that a porous type I collagen (COL) scaffold, functionalized with heparin (HEP), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (COL-HEP/GF) improved pre- and postnatal skin regeneration in a fetal sheep full thickness wound model. In this study we uncover the early events associated with enhanced skin regeneration. METHODS: We investigated the gene expression profiles of healing fetal skin wounds two weeks after implantation of the COL(-HEP/GF) scaffolds. Using laser dissection and microarrays, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the epidermis and dermis between untreated wounds, COL-treated wounds and wounds treated with COL-HEP/GF.Biological processes were identified using gene enrichment analysis and DEG were clustered using protein–proteininteraction networks. RESULTS: COL-HEP/GF influences various interesting biological processes involved in wound healing. Although the changes were modest, using protein–protein-interaction networks we identified a variety of clustered genes that indicate COL-HEP/GF induces a tight but subtle control over cell signaling and extracellular matrix organization. CONCLUSION These data offer a novel perspective on the key processes involved in (fetal) wound healing, where a targeted and early interference during wound healing can result in long-term enhanced effects on skin regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The developmental abnormality spina bifida is hallmarked by missing tissues (e.g. skin) and exposure of the spinal cord to the amniotic fluid, which can negatively impact neurological development. Surgical closure of the skin in utero limits neurological damage, but in large defects this results in scarring and contractures. Stimulating skin regeneration in utero would greatly benefit treatment outcome. Previously, we demonstrated that a porous type I collagen (COL) scaffold, functionalized with heparin (HEP), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (COL-HEP/GF) improved pre- and postnatal skin regeneration in a fetal sheep full thickness wound model. In this study we uncover the early events associated with enhanced skin regeneration. METHODS: We investigated the gene expression profiles of healing fetal skin wounds two weeks after implantation of the COL(-HEP/GF) scaffolds. Using laser dissection and microarrays, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the epidermis and dermis between untreated wounds, COL-treated wounds and wounds treated with COL-HEP/GF.Biological processes were identified using gene enrichment analysis and DEG were clustered using protein–proteininteraction networks. RESULTS: COL-HEP/GF influences various interesting biological processes involved in wound healing. Although the changes were modest, using protein–protein-interaction networks we identified a variety of clustered genes that indicate COL-HEP/GF induces a tight but subtle control over cell signaling and extracellular matrix organization. CONCLUSION These data offer a novel perspective on the key processes involved in (fetal) wound healing, where a targeted and early interference during wound healing can result in long-term enhanced effects on skin regeneration.

BACKGROUND: The developmental abnormality spina bifida is hallmarked by missing tissues (e.g. skin) and exposure of the spinal cord to the amniotic fluid, which can negatively impact neurological development. Surgical closure of the skin in utero limits neurological damage, but in large defects this results in scarring and contractures. Stimulating skin regeneration in utero would greatly benefit treatment outcome. Previously, we demonstrated that a porous type I collagen (COL) scaffold, functionalized with heparin (HEP), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (COL-HEP/GF) improved pre- and postnatal skin regeneration in a fetal sheep full thickness wound model. In this study we uncover the early events associated with enhanced skin regeneration. METHODS: We investigated the gene expression profiles of healing fetal skin wounds two weeks after implantation of the COL(-HEP/GF) scaffolds. Using laser dissection and microarrays, differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified in the epidermis and dermis between untreated wounds, COL-treated wounds and wounds treated with COL-HEP/GF.Biological processes were identified using gene enrichment analysis and DEG were clustered using protein–proteininteraction networks. RESULTS: COL-HEP/GF influences various interesting biological processes involved in wound healing. Although the changes were modest, using protein–protein-interaction networks we identified a variety of clustered genes that indicate COL-HEP/GF induces a tight but subtle control over cell signaling and extracellular matrix organization. CONCLUSION These data offer a novel perspective on the key processes involved in (fetal) wound healing, where a targeted and early interference during wound healing can result in long-term enhanced effects on skin regeneration.