The displacement of patellar components, such as dislocation or subluxation, causes polyethylene wear and further induces metallosis of the metal-backed patella. We compared two different patellar components, onset(Miller-Galante I) and inset(Whiteside-Ortholoc I)type, to understand the differences in patellar tracking according to their designs. Patellar prosthesis position in 43 primary total knee arthroplasties was evaluated with patellar tilt, patellar displacement from the center of the trochlear groove, medial placement, patellar thickness, and joint line height. For the MG(Miller-Galante I)group, the patellar displacement was laterally 50.0% and for the Ortholoc group, it was 33.3%. In the MG group, 4 cases of revision of the patellar component due to excessive polyethylene wear were performed, but there was no excessive wear of polyethylene in Ortholoc group. One of the primary factors which influence tracking of the patellofemoral joint is the difference in design between the patellar component and the femoral component. But in the opinion of the authors, the slope or lateral displacement of the patellar component have no correlation with each other under radiological measurements. However, the inset-type patellar component is a design that maintains the bony flange within the lateral flange, therefore relieving the shear stress and rotational forces loaded on the patellofemoral joint and protecting the metal-backing from exposure. Thereby, even if dislocation or subluxation of the patellar component should occur, polyethylene wear or metallosis caused by excessive wearing can be minimal.
Arthroplasty* ; Dislocations ; Joints ; Knee* ; Patella ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Polyethylene ; Prostheses and Implants

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify factors that influence self-rated health in elderly women. METHOD: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling method. Data collection was done using a self-questionnaire with 201 women participating in the study. Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 10.0 program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The age of the women ranged from 65 to 89 and mean was 72.9. The main factors that affected self-rated health were depression, sleep, family APGAR, economic level, social activities and number of illnesses. These variables accounted for 44% of self-rated health. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide useful information for constructing intervention programs for elderly women.
Aged ; Data Collection ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Research Design

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to discuss and address the state of the knowledge development and the nature of knowledge regarding fatigue. METHOD: This study analyzed the 63 fatigue related articles published from 1990 to 2001. The analysis schema was 'Alternative linkages among philosophy, theory, and method for nursing science' (Kim, 1993). RESULT: The 63 articles had been studied only within 5 types among all 96 types of linkages. Most of the articles (59 among 63 articles) had been studied within scientific realism and deductive logic. Fifty-three articles among 59 articles were the type of explanatory and predictive theory, grasping reality by the etic method on the controlled setting. CONCLUSION: This study suggests more development of knowledge regarding fatigue with various logics, especially with discovery logic such as inductive and retroductive or methods in multiple designs on various subjects under various philosophy needed for nursing practice.
Fatigue* ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Logic ; Nursing ; Philosophy

The role of steroid receptor has been widely studied and well established in the field of breast cancer. In contrast of breast cancer, the clinicopathological roles of steroid receptors in benign breast diseases were not established clearly until now. Authors evaluated steroid receptor expressions of benign breast diseases using the immuno-histochemical staining and analyzed their relationship with pathologic types and the correlation between the positivity of steroid receptor expression and the proliferative activity of ductal epithelial cells. The results were follows; 1) The assayed tissue specimens were 93 cases which consisted with fibrocystic disease, 39 cases and fibroadenoma, 54 cases. 2) The positivity rate of steroid receptor expression in fibroadenoma (ER: 59.2%, PR: 75.9%) seemed to be more higher than in fibrecystic diseases (ER: 46.1%, PR: 55.5%) without a statistical significance. 3) The positivity rate of ER expression of fibrocystic diseases developed in premenopausal women (54.8%) was significantly higher than in postmenopausal women (2.5%). 4) Any significant correlation was not noted between the positivity of steroid receptor expression in the tissue and ductal epithelial proliferative activity. In conclusion, fibrocystic disease and fibroadenomas possessed a significant amount of steroid receptor positive cells in their tissues. However, the positivity of steroid receptor expression in the tissues seemed to have few correlation with the ductal epithelial cellular proliferation.
Breast Diseases* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Cell Proliferation ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Humans ; Receptors, Steroid*

Objective of this study was to look into sleep patterns of university students in association with their lifestyle, specifically to examine mean sleep duration, prevalence of sleep disturbances and their correlates. This study also aimed to examine a possible association of sleep patterns of young adults with new media like computers and videos, which were supposed to have a great influence on their lifestyle. Self-reported sleep data were derived from questionnaires administered to a total of 1,414 students of one university located in Chullabuk-do, Korea. Statistical methods such as t-test, analyses of variance, chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis. The mean sleep duration of the respondents was 6.7+/-1.3 hr. Of the respondents, 30.2% reported having insufficient sleep. About one third of them pointed to visual media including computers as the primary reason. The proportion of those having some types of sleep disturbances was 36.2%. The risk of subjective sleep disturbances was significantly lower among those perceiving themselves healthy than among those perceiving themselves unhealthy (OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.34-0.57).
Adult ; Female ; Human ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; *Sleep ; Sleep Disorders/*epidemiology ; Students ; Time Factors ; Universities

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of coping mechanisms on uncertainty and depression. The subjects were 71 cancer patients selected from Junbook National University Hospital, and the data collection period was from June 21 to October 19 of 2000. Uncertainty was measured by using Mishel's Uncertainty Scale, problem- focused coping, and emotional-focused coping. The data was collected by a questionnaire developed by Lee (1984), and then depression measured by using Beck's depression scale. Data was analyzed with SPSS/WIN 7.5 program by Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Path analysis. The results were as follows : 1. The mean uncertainty score was 59.17, the mean problem-focused coping score was 48.78, the mean emotional-focused coping score was 42.52. 2. The mean depression score was 15.77. 3. Uncertainty in illness was significantly related to depression (p=0.003) and emotional-focused coping (p=0.028), but uncertainty was not associated with coping mechanisms. 4. When analyzed multiple regression between uncertainty, problem-focused coping, emotional- focused coping, and depression, more specifically emotional-focused coping showed a stronger association with depression than problem-focused coping. 5. Depression was highly correlated with economic status (p=0.015), educational background (p=0.005), duration of disease (p=0.045). 6. Problem-focused coping and emotional-focused coping appeared to function as moderators instead mediators on the relation between uncertainty and depression. In addition, as a whole, uncertainty showed a significant moderating effect on depression, while problem-focused coping did on depression. Finally, limitation of present findings were discussed and implications for future studies are suggested.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Depression* ; Humans ; Uncertainty*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of use of a horticultural program on the cognitive function, activities of daily living, and hand grip strength of institutionalized dementia patients. METHOD: Twenty three study participants completed a five week protocol comprised of one week of baseline and four weeks of treatment. The study design was a one group repeated measurement study. For the first and fifth week of the study period, data was collected with 3 instruments: Korean Version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-K), Katz's ADL index, hand grip strength. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 10.0. RESULTS: Total HDS-K score(p=.000), Activities of daily living(p=.013) and hand grip strength(p=.001) was significantly improved after treatment compared to the baseline. CONCLUSION: The horticultural program was effective for improving cognitive function, ADL and hand grip strength of the dementia patients. Repeated studies utilizing a control group are needed, using various durations, plants and processes, to confirm these results and to standardize the horticultural program protocol.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Hand Strength* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of use of a horticultural program on the cognitive function, activities of daily living, and hand grip strength of institutionalized dementia patients. METHOD: Twenty three study participants completed a five week protocol comprised of one week of baseline and four weeks of treatment. The study design was a one group repeated measurement study. For the first and fifth week of the study period, data was collected with 3 instruments: Korean Version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-K), Katz's ADL index, hand grip strength. Data analysis was conducted by SPSS version 10.0. RESULTS: Total HDS-K score(p=.000), Activities of daily living(p=.013) and hand grip strength(p=.001) was significantly improved after treatment compared to the baseline. CONCLUSION: The horticultural program was effective for improving cognitive function, ADL and hand grip strength of the dementia patients. Repeated studies utilizing a control group are needed, using various durations, plants and processes, to confirm these results and to standardize the horticultural program protocol.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Hand Strength* ; Hand* ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was performed to explore the effect of senior simulation on nurses' attitudes toward the elderly. METHOD: Twenty-seven nurses working in various settings such as acute hospitals, community health centers, geriatric hospitals, and clinics were recruited. Among them, 25 subjects completed the whole experimental protocol. Aging Semantic Differential Scaling was utilized to evaluate attitudes toward the elderly and 'Suit for Experiencing Being Aged' from the Sakamoto Model was provided for the experiment. Before and after the experiment subjects filled out questionnaires. RESULT: Attitude score before experiment was 4.36, which indicates neutral attitude. Objective attitude scores were not different significantly after experiment. However subjective statements indicated attitude changes in a positive way. CONCLUSION: Senior simulation can affect nurses' attitude toward elderly in subjective way. That is, nurses became more empathetic and understanding to elderly's physical limitations and felt more initiative nursing approach were needed in caring elderly.
Adult ; *Aged ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Female ; Humans ; Nurse-Patient Relations ; Nurses/*psychology ; *Patient Simulation

Objective: The Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) is a national drug subsidy program. Given the similarity and comprehensiveness of the Australian PBS and the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) data, these data are increasingly used for pharmacoepidemiological investigations, as well as international comparative studies. This study aims to introduce the various sources of publicly available PBS data and provide a practical guide to researchers conducting drug utilization studies. Methods: We searched literature and websites to detail and compare the collection, structure, components, and characteristics of each PBS data format. We identified different characteristics of the PBS data from the Korean NHI claims data which are mainly owing to their unique co-payment policies and data collection processes. In addition, the utilization and expenditure of atorvastatin, a widely used treatment for hyperlipidemia, were analyzed using two different sources of PBS data and the different results were interpreted. Results: There exist differences in when data were collected or non-subsidized uses of medicine were included among sources of PBS data. Additionally, two countries have different cost sharing methods inmedicine subsidy scheme; co-payment in Australia and co-insurance in Korea. Therefore, it should be noted that prescriptions under co-payment are not included in some data sources in Australia. Conclusion Despite several analytical challenges, open access and easy data management are the strengths of the PBS data sources. A detailed knowledge of the PBS data can ensure robust methodology and interpretation of pharmacoepidemiological investigations or international comparative studies.