Silicone oil is widely used as a retinal tamponade in the treatment of PVR. But reproliferation of membrane can occur under the silicone oil. Formerly, silicone oil was believed to suppress the proliferation of membrane, but recently, there were reports that silicone oil might actually promote proliferation of membrane, and recommended to use long-lasting gas rather than silicone oil. But it is known that proliferation of membrane can also occur in the eye in which intraocular gas has been used. So a careful study to compare the effect of intraocular gas and silicone oil to proliferation of membrane is needed. Rabbits are divided into three groups. Retinal tears were made in all the groups. in control group, no further surgery was done, and in the other two group, perfluoropropane gas was injected into the vitreous cavity. The intraocular gas was left unchanged(gas group), or it was exchanged with silicone oil 3 days later(silicone oil group). The fundus was examined periodically, and the eyeball was removed at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery for histopathologic study with light and electron microscope. Both intravitreal gas and silicone oil were shown to increase the formation of proliferative membrane compared to control group, but there was no statistically significant difference between them.
Membranes ; Rabbits ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicone Oils*

To evaluate the effects of mitomycin C(MMC) on the fibrous capsule of the anterior chamber tube shunt to a surgical membrane(ACTSSM) surgery, 0.04% MMC solution was applied on the episclera for 5 minutes before ACTSSM surgery(group A, 9 rabbits). At postoperative 2, 4 and 8 weeks, 6 eyes of the 3 rabbits from each group were enucleated and light microscopic examinations of the fibrous capsules were done. In group A, fibrous capsules had many microcystic spaces and fibrous tissues between twofold surgical membranes were scanty. But in control group(group B, 9 rabbits), fibrous capsules showed higher density of fibroblast and less microcystic spaces than group A, suggesting low permeability of the fibrous capsule to aqueous humor. These results suggest that MMC may increase the success rate of the ACTSSM surgery.
Anterior Chamber* ; Aqueous Humor ; Capsules ; Fibroblasts ; Membranes* ; Mitomycin* ; Permeability ; Rabbits*

Spontaneous blinking of a normal human being has a regular rhythm, but in dry eye syndrome, unstable tear film, foreign body sensation, and corneal erosion, etc. may stimulate the reflex blinking, resulting in increased blinking frequency. Blinking frequency of 160 normal persons and that of 20 dry eye syndrome patients were checked to investigate the differences of blinking frequency between normal and dry eyes. Results are as follows; 1. Average blinking frequency in normal male and female group was 22.7 +/- 11.4 per min. and 25.6 +/- 12.3 per min. respectively. 2. There was no sexual difference in normal group. 3. Average blinking frequency of dry eye patients was 38.4 +/- 12.0 per min. which was significantly higher than that of normal control group, 26.5 +/- 12.3 per min.
Blinking* ; Dry Eye Syndromes ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Male ; Reflex ; Sensation ; Tears

To increase the success rate of intraocular pressure control in recalcitrant glaucoma, anterior chamber tube shunt to a surgical membrane (ACTSSM) surgery using silicone tube and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) can be performed. Applying mitomycin C (MMC) during ACTSSM surgery may increase the success rate by decreasing the fibroblast proliferation and collagen in the fibrous capsule. To evaluate the effects of MMC on the fibrous capsule formed after ACTSSM surgery, operations were performed on 18 white rabbits. Nine rabbits were treated with 0.04% MMC solution on the episclera for 5 minutes before ACTSSM (group A) and the others were not treated (group B). At postoperative 2, 4 and 8 weeks successively, 6 eyes of the 3 rabbits were enucleated from each group. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin
Animals ; Anterior Chamber/pathology/*surgery ; Glaucoma/*surgery ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects ; Mitomycin/*therapeutic use ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; *Prostheses and Implants ; Rabbits ; Silicone Elastomers

Refractions were performed in healthy 60 newborn babies, 31 males and 29 females, by retinoscopy after instillation of 1% tropicamide in order to investigate the distribution of refractive states of newborn babies. Average refractive error is +1.51 +/- 2.23D in male, +1.93 +/- 1.78D in female, and +1.17 +/- 2.03D in general. 72.5% of them were hypermetropia, 10.0% were emmetropia, and 12.5% were myopia. There was no significant difference according to sex, laterality, birth weight, and method of delivery(p>0.1).
Birth Weight ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Male ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors ; Retinoscopy ; Tropicamide

Fourteen eyes of retinal detachment with macular hole were treated with pneumoretinopexy on the outpatient basis. Under the retnbu1bar anesthesia, 0.2ml of perfluoropropane(C3F8) gas was injected into the subretinal fluid was aspirated with the same needle through the macular hole under the careful control by indirect ophthalmoscopy with temporal lying position. Average amount of subretinal fluid aspirated was 0.35ml (O.35-1.00ml) and retinal elevations were reattached after pneumoretinopexy and three of four failed patients agreed to reoperation were reattached after scleral buckling or vitrectomy. Postoperative complications after pneumoretinopexy were transient elevation of intraocular pressure (2/14 eyes) and new break formation (3/14 eyes). We think the pneumoretinopexy is a good choice of primary procedure for the retinal detachment with a macular hole because it is a simple procedure with a relatively good results.
Anesthesia ; Deception ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Needles ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Outpatients ; Postoperative Complications ; Reoperation ; Retinal Detachment* ; Retinal Perforations* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Scleral Buckling ; Subretinal Fluid ; Vitrectomy

We evaluated the histologic change of retina after gas compression of the vitreous followed by intravitreal injection of silicone oil in albino rabbits. The retinal architecture was well preserved and no abnormal findings could be demonstrated by light microscopic and electron microscopic examinaions 8 weeks after surgery.
Intravitreal Injections ; Rabbits ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde ; Silicone Oils*

Aspergillus is a relatively uncommon and saprophytic, ubiquitous fungus that is normally not pathogenic in human. Usually arising from the paranasal sinuses, it may present in manifold ways within the orbit. Some severe presentation, such as cerebral involvement, may lead to fatal outcome in immunocompromised patients. As a result, when it occurs it requires early recognition, aggressive surgical management, and prolonged antifungal therapy. Recently authors experienced a case of sino-orbital-cerebral Aspergillosis in a healthy woman. Therefore we report our case with a review of related literature.
Aspergillosis* ; Aspergillus ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Orbit ; Paranasal Sinuses

Alveolar soft part sarcoma is a very rare malignant neoplasm which originates from the soft tissue. The common site is lower extremity and it is especially rare to occur primarily in the orbit. It is characterized that tumor shows organoid arrangement of lobules separated by numerous delicate vascular septa and individual tumor cell contained PAS positive crystalline granules in the cytoplasm. Moreover, because of hypervascular tumor, it is easy to misdiagnosed as a cavernous hemangioma which commonly occurs in the orbit. We experienced a 29-year-old male who had suffered from unilateral proptosis.Before operation, ultrasonography, MRI and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed and we suspected that the retro-orbital mass was a cavernous hemangioma. Using Kr onlein method,lateral orbitotomy was performed and large well encapsulated tumor mass (2.5 x2.5 x2.0 cm)was excised. On histopathological examination the tumor was confirmed as an alveolar soft part sarcoma. Therefore, we report this interesting case with review of the literature.
Adult ; Crystallins ; Cytoplasm ; Hemangioma* ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Orbit* ; Organoids ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Ultrasonography

There have been many theories for pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. However,no one theory can explain all of the pathogenesis. That means many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the diabetic retinopathy. Many studies have shown the retinal changes in long-term hyperglycemia, yet relatively few in short-term hyperglycemia. To study the changes of the retinal capillary and retinal pigment epithelium in diabetic retinopathy, we measured the thickness of the basement membrane of the retinal capil-lary endothelial cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. An morphological alterations of the retinal pigment epithelium were also examined on the 2 month-old diabetic rats. The measurement was made using 0.1 mm calibrated ruler overlaying the electron micrograph with a transparent plastic sheet on which 20 radiating lines were etched exactly 18 .apart. The SPSS and Instat program were used for statistical evaluation of the data. Comparing with the control, the increase of the thickness of the endothelial basement membrane at the 2 month-old diabetic rats was statistically significant (p<0.05). Cytoplasmic alterations such as vacuolization of capillary endothelium, changes in mitochondria and increasement of capillary endothelialcytoplasm were more prominent in diabetic rats than in control rats. Basal infoldings of retinal pigment epithelium appeared to be more frequent and deeper in diabetic rats than in control rats.
Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Capillaries ; Cytoplasm ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Infant ; Mitochondria ; Plastics ; Rats* ; Retina* ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde