Although cerebrospinal fluid leakage is suggested as one of the causes of spontaneous intracranial hypotension, on]y a few cases with direct evidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage on radionuclide cisternography have been reported in the literature Indirect evidences of cerebrospinal fluid leakage such as early visualization of the soft tissue and bladder or delayed migration of radiotracer have been observed in most patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. We report a case of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in which cerebrospinal fluid leakage was directly demonstrated by early dynamic imaging of spine on radionuclide cisternography. We suggest that early dynamic imaging of spine is an important adjunctive procedure in detecting cerebrospinal fluid leakage in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.
Cerebrospinal Fluid* ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypotension* ; Spine ; Urinary Bladder

Hemimasticatory spasm is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by unilateral, paroxysmal involuntary contraction of the masticatory muscles. It can be confused with other unilateral facial spasms. In this report, we present two patients with hemimasticatory spasm who were initially misdiagnosed with other disorders. The first patient was a 54-year-old man with a 9-year history of right facial spasm. He underwent microvascular decompression, without benefit, at another hospital with the diagnosis of hemifacial spasm two years prior to presenting at our hospital.On examination, right masseter and temporalis muscles had irregular contractions with twitches and prolonged spasms. His brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal.He showed a good response to carbamazepine. The second case was a 60-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of jaw-closing movement. Previous treatment for temporomandibular joint disorder was ineffective. He was previously diagnosed as oromandibular dystonia at another hospital, and biperiden and diazepam treatment resulted in slight improvement. There was tonic contraction and hypertrophy of the left masseter. He improved with carbamazepine. These cases illustrate the importance of hemimasticatory spasm as differential diagnosis, and the good response to carbamazepine.
Nervous System Diseases

Intra-uterine fracture of normal bone is extremely rare. It was reported few cases in the other contries, but it was very rare in Korea. It is difficult to distinguish it from birth fracture and the other fractures or deformities seen at birth. The authors experienced a case of intra-uterine fracture of the femur in the middle third of the shaft, with abundant callus formation in infant without serious injury to the mother.
Bony Callus ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femur ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Mothers ; Parturition

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans ; Orbit*

Flightdeck behaviour and flight safety are influenced by the national, organizational, and professional cultures of crewmembers. National complexity of the operating environment ensure that error will be an inevitable occurrence. The influences of three cultures that are relevant to the cockpit are described; the professional culture of the pilots, organizational cultures, and the national cultures surrounding individuals and their organizations. This study review the cultural difference of crewmember in Korea based on Hofstede and Helmreich study. The study concludes with a suggestion of CRM in Korea as strategy necessary for a safety culture considering the multi-cultures cockpit.
Humans* ; Korea ; Organizational Culture ; Transportation*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Uterine prolapse with pregnancy is rare condition. The overall incidence is 1/10000- 15000 deliveries. The complications from uterine prolapse range from minor cervical ulceration and infection to fetal death or uterine rupture. The fetal mortality was as high as 22% mainly due to prematurity, respiratory infection. The management of this condition is focused on preventing late occurrence of prolapse during pregnancy and continued reduction. We present a case of uterine prolapse in pregnancy with a brief review of the literature.
Fetal Death ; Fetal Mortality ; Incidence ; Pregnancy* ; Prolapse ; Ulcer ; Uterine Prolapse* ; Uterine Rupture

BACKGROUND: Balloon PTCA for the distal, long, eccentric coronary artery stenosis will be at high risk for severe dissection or acute occlusion during or after procedure. METHODS AND RESULTS: High Speed Rotational Atherectomy followd by low pressure balloon angioplasty due to distal, long, eccentric coronary artery stenosis. Rotational coronary atherectomy debulked the lesion quickly without difficulty. Rotational Coronary Atherectomy with adjuctive low pressure balloon inflation was successful without event. CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates the point that complementary deployment of devices may not only improve success of percutaneous coronary intervention, but also may extend its scope.
Angioplasty, Balloon ; Atherectomy, Coronary* ; Coronary Stenosis ; Inflation, Economic ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

We conducted this cohort analytic study to determine whether women with unexplained elevations of maternal serum hCG at 15-18 weeks' gestation are at increased risk for pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. The inclusion criteria were a singleton gestation, a confirmed gestational age, and an hCG level greater than 2.0 multiples of the median (MoM). The exclusion criteria were fetal anomalies, an abnormal karyotype, molar pregnancy, and an MSAFP level greater than 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM). A group of randomly selected women with hCG levels under 2.0 MoM served as controls. Patients with elevated levels of hCG had a significantly higher risk for PIH (17.9% versus 4.5%; P <.05) and preterm delivery (17.9% versus 3.5%; P<, 05) than control. But no significant differences were observed in the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight and in the newborn weight. We suggested that pregnancies with unexplained elevated hCG levels should be regarded as high-risk pregnancies. And these patients require careful monitoring with adequate obstetric management.
Abnormal Karyotype ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans* ; Hydatidiform Mole ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, High-Risk