No abstract available.
Animals ; Burns* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Glycerol* ; Rats*

No abstract available.

A patch design using bovine pericardial patch for aortic enlargement in the Norwood procedure has been introduced to avoid problems related to homograft availability. We report 2 successful cases of Norwood procedure with home-made bovine pericardial patch. The first case was a 23-day-old (2.2 kg) patient with multi-level left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with ductal-dependent systemic circulation. The other case was a 9-day-old (3 kg) patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This technique was relatively easy to perform, reproducible and quite effective like homograft patch.
Allografts ; Humans ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ; Norwood Procedures*

It is well known that the murine T helper cell clones are divided by their lymphokine secretory activities. One is the Th-1 cell, producing IL-2 and IFN after stimulation and the other is the Th-2 cell, producing the IL-4 and IL-5. This study was undertaken to evaluate the immunomodulatory properties of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) on the lymphokine production in vivo and in vitro. The results were as follows: There were no effects on the lymphokine secretion by the in vitro treatment of the LPS. The in vivo treatment of the LPS decreases the capability of the production of IL-2 and IFN , whereas it increases the capability of IL-4 production. The altered capacity of the lymphokine production was recovered about 2 weeks after the treatment of the LPS. There were no differences on the lymphokine production between E-coli LPS and salmonella LPS. The capacity of the lymphokine production was the same in the treatment of a non-heated LPS or heated-LPS. The lymphokine production of the mice which were desensitized by the long term treatment of the LPS was not different from the control mice. The in vitro treatment of RU486 can block the alterations of the lymphokine production after the treatment of the LPS. In summary, one can tell that the LPS increases the secretion of the IL-4 through the endogenous secretion of the glucocorticoids.
Animals ; Clone Cells ; Glucocorticoids ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Mice ; Mifepristone ; Salmonella ; T-Lymphocytes* ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) [A(H1N1) pdm09] and seasonal influenza A infection in the pediatric cancer patients. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in the pediatric cancer patients who had confirmed A(H1N1)pdm09 infection at Samsung Medical Center from August 2009 to February 2010. For the comparison, the medical records of pediatric cancer patients with seasonal influenza A from January 2000 to May 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Eighty-two A(H1N1)pdm09 infections were confirmed in the pediatric cancer patients. Ten patients (12.2%) developed complicated clinical course by lower respiratory infections or extrapulmonary infections; 4 pneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 1 pericarditis with pneumonia, 1 encephalitis with pneumonia, 2 meningitis and 1 pericarditis. Three patients received mechanical ventilator and ICU care. Three pediatric cancer patients (3.7%) died. The risk factors related to complicated A(H1N1)pdm09 infections were date of infection (44-45th week 2009) and nosocomial infection. When comparing with previous seasonal influenza A infections, more prompt and aggressive antiviral therapy was given in A(H1N1)pdm09 infections. CONCLUSION: The A(H1N1)pdm09 infections caused a various clinical manifestations including fatal cases in pediatric cancer patient during pandemic season. There was no significant difference in clinical course between influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza A infections except the antiviral treatment strategy.
Bronchitis ; Child ; Cross Infection ; Encephalitis ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Medical Records ; Meningitis ; Pandemics ; Pericarditis ; Pneumonia ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Differentiating early Alzheimer's disease (AD) from depression with cognitive impairment is challenging in the elderly. To develop a model for differentiating these two conditions using electroencephalography (EEG), we enrolled 11 patients with early probable AD and 11 age- and cognitive function-matched patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and compared the EEG relative powers of 9 scalp regions. Compared to the MDD group, the AD group had a higher global theta relative power (p=0.021). In the MDD group, beta relative power was higher in the mid-central region than in the left or right central regions (p<0.01). The prediction model that included global theta relative power and regional beta index was able to discriminate AD from MDD (AUC=0.893, p=0.002). A combination of global theta relative power and intra-individual regional differences in beta may differentiate early AD from MDD with cognitive impairment.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Cognition Disorders ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography* ; Humans ; Scalp

PURPOSE: Acute pyelonephritis in children may lead to permanent renal scarring with a risk of later hypertension and renal failure and so needs prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) renal scan in detecting renal involvement of acute urinary tract infection(UTI) and determining the sensitivity to find coexisting vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 192 children(97 males, 95 females) admitted with bacteriologically proven and symptomatic UTI between May 1994 and April 1997 were analysed. DMSA renal scan was performed in all cases. 70 children underwent VCUG. Findings of DMSA renal scan were analysed according to age, sex, previous history of UTI and VUR. RESULTS: 89 children(46%) were under the age of 1 year. There was a preponderance of UTI in boys under the age of 1 year(66.3%) and in girls over the age of 1 year(63.1%). Of the 192 children studied, 155 children(80.7%, 81 males, 74 females) had first episode and the remaining 37 children(19%, 16 males, 21 females) had previous history of symptomatic UTI. Abnormalities in DMSA renal scan were found in 67(43.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 30(89%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Bilateral DMSA abnormalities were noted in 8(5.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 11(29.7%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Of the 70 children who underwent VCUG, VUR was seen in 41(58.6%) children. Of the 41 children with VUR, 31(90.2%) children had abnormal DMSA images. VUR was demonstrated in 37(75.5%) of 49 children with abnormal DMSA images and especially in 100% of 14 children with bilateral abnormal DMSA images. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of abnormal DMSA images was found in children with recurrent UTI and children with VUR, especially high grade or bilateral reflux. DMSA renal scan is a sensitive method for evaluating the functional defect of involved kidney and predicting coexistent VUR according to its image appearance in patients with UTI.
Child* ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Male ; Pyelonephritis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

PURPOSE: Acute pyelonephritis in children may lead to permanent renal scarring with a risk of later hypertension and renal failure and so needs prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) renal scan in detecting renal involvement of acute urinary tract infection(UTI) and determining the sensitivity to find coexisting vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 192 children(97 males, 95 females) admitted with bacteriologically proven and symptomatic UTI between May 1994 and April 1997 were analysed. DMSA renal scan was performed in all cases. 70 children underwent VCUG. Findings of DMSA renal scan were analysed according to age, sex, previous history of UTI and VUR. RESULTS: 89 children(46%) were under the age of 1 year. There was a preponderance of UTI in boys under the age of 1 year(66.3%) and in girls over the age of 1 year(63.1%). Of the 192 children studied, 155 children(80.7%, 81 males, 74 females) had first episode and the remaining 37 children(19%, 16 males, 21 females) had previous history of symptomatic UTI. Abnormalities in DMSA renal scan were found in 67(43.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 30(89%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Bilateral DMSA abnormalities were noted in 8(5.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 11(29.7%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Of the 70 children who underwent VCUG, VUR was seen in 41(58.6%) children. Of the 41 children with VUR, 31(90.2%) children had abnormal DMSA images. VUR was demonstrated in 37(75.5%) of 49 children with abnormal DMSA images and especially in 100% of 14 children with bilateral abnormal DMSA images. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of abnormal DMSA images was found in children with recurrent UTI and children with VUR, especially high grade or bilateral reflux. DMSA renal scan is a sensitive method for evaluating the functional defect of involved kidney and predicting coexistent VUR according to its image appearance in patients with UTI.
Child* ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Male ; Pyelonephritis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux