No abstract available.
Animals ; Burns* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Glycerol* ; Rats*

No abstract available.

A patch design using bovine pericardial patch for aortic enlargement in the Norwood procedure has been introduced to avoid problems related to homograft availability. We report 2 successful cases of Norwood procedure with home-made bovine pericardial patch. The first case was a 23-day-old (2.2 kg) patient with multi-level left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with ductal-dependent systemic circulation. The other case was a 9-day-old (3 kg) patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This technique was relatively easy to perform, reproducible and quite effective like homograft patch.
Allografts ; Humans ; Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome ; Norwood Procedures*

Isolated right ventricular hypoplasia is a rare clinical entity. We describe a case of right ventricular hypoplasia, single atrium and spongy myocardium of left ventricle. The volume of right ventricle was half the volume of left ventricle and z-value of tricuspid valve was -4 preoperatively. The patient, 6-year-old boy, underwent atrial partitioning with 3 mm fenestration. Postoperative course was smooth and he tolerated the biventricular state well during follow-up. Follow-up catherterization was done 27 months later. The tricuspid valve grew well (z-value=-0.4) and atrial septal fenestration is closed spontaneously. This article reports a case of successful biventricular repair in a patient with isolated right ventricular hypoplasia.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardium ; Tricuspid Valve

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

Differentiating early Alzheimer's disease (AD) from depression with cognitive impairment is challenging in the elderly. To develop a model for differentiating these two conditions using electroencephalography (EEG), we enrolled 11 patients with early probable AD and 11 age- and cognitive function-matched patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and compared the EEG relative powers of 9 scalp regions. Compared to the MDD group, the AD group had a higher global theta relative power (p=0.021). In the MDD group, beta relative power was higher in the mid-central region than in the left or right central regions (p<0.01). The prediction model that included global theta relative power and regional beta index was able to discriminate AD from MDD (AUC=0.893, p=0.002). A combination of global theta relative power and intra-individual regional differences in beta may differentiate early AD from MDD with cognitive impairment.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease* ; Cognition Disorders ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electroencephalography* ; Humans ; Scalp

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients can be affected by sleep deprivation, anxiety and depression, which are common in RLS. The objective of this study is to investigate relationship between cognitive impairment and RLS in the non-medicated Korean elderly with controlling for psychiatric conditions. METHOD: The study sample for this study comprised 25 non-medicated Korean elderly RLS patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls. All subjects were evaluated with comprehensive cognitive function assessment tools-including the Korean version of Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K), severe cognitive impairment rating scale (SCIRS), frontal assessment battery (FAB), and clock drawing test (CLOX). Sleep quality and depression were also assessed with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and geriatric depression scale (GDS). RESULTS: PSQI and GDS score showed no difference between RLS and control group. There was no significant difference between two groups in nearly all the cognitive function except in constructional recognition test, in which subjects with RLS showed lower performance than control group (t=-2.384, p=0.02). Subjects with depression (GDS> or =10) showed significant cognitive impairment compared to control in verbal fluency, Korean version of Mini Mental Status Examination in the CERAD-K (MMSE-KC), word list memory, trail making test, and frontal assessment battery (FAB). In contrast, no difference was observed between subjects who have low sleep quality (PSQI>5) and control group. CONCLUSIONS: At the exclusion of the impact of insomnia and depression, cognitive function was found to be relatively preserved in RLS patients compared to control. Impairment of visual recognition in RLS patients can be explained in terms of dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Trail Making Test

PURPOSE: Acute pyelonephritis in children may lead to permanent renal scarring with a risk of later hypertension and renal failure and so needs prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) renal scan in detecting renal involvement of acute urinary tract infection(UTI) and determining the sensitivity to find coexisting vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 192 children(97 males, 95 females) admitted with bacteriologically proven and symptomatic UTI between May 1994 and April 1997 were analysed. DMSA renal scan was performed in all cases. 70 children underwent VCUG. Findings of DMSA renal scan were analysed according to age, sex, previous history of UTI and VUR. RESULTS: 89 children(46%) were under the age of 1 year. There was a preponderance of UTI in boys under the age of 1 year(66.3%) and in girls over the age of 1 year(63.1%). Of the 192 children studied, 155 children(80.7%, 81 males, 74 females) had first episode and the remaining 37 children(19%, 16 males, 21 females) had previous history of symptomatic UTI. Abnormalities in DMSA renal scan were found in 67(43.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 30(89%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Bilateral DMSA abnormalities were noted in 8(5.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 11(29.7%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Of the 70 children who underwent VCUG, VUR was seen in 41(58.6%) children. Of the 41 children with VUR, 31(90.2%) children had abnormal DMSA images. VUR was demonstrated in 37(75.5%) of 49 children with abnormal DMSA images and especially in 100% of 14 children with bilateral abnormal DMSA images. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of abnormal DMSA images was found in children with recurrent UTI and children with VUR, especially high grade or bilateral reflux. DMSA renal scan is a sensitive method for evaluating the functional defect of involved kidney and predicting coexistent VUR according to its image appearance in patients with UTI.
Child* ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Male ; Pyelonephritis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

PURPOSE: Acute pyelonephritis in children may lead to permanent renal scarring with a risk of later hypertension and renal failure and so needs prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the value of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) renal scan in detecting renal involvement of acute urinary tract infection(UTI) and determining the sensitivity to find coexisting vesicoureteral reflux(VUR) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 192 children(97 males, 95 females) admitted with bacteriologically proven and symptomatic UTI between May 1994 and April 1997 were analysed. DMSA renal scan was performed in all cases. 70 children underwent VCUG. Findings of DMSA renal scan were analysed according to age, sex, previous history of UTI and VUR. RESULTS: 89 children(46%) were under the age of 1 year. There was a preponderance of UTI in boys under the age of 1 year(66.3%) and in girls over the age of 1 year(63.1%). Of the 192 children studied, 155 children(80.7%, 81 males, 74 females) had first episode and the remaining 37 children(19%, 16 males, 21 females) had previous history of symptomatic UTI. Abnormalities in DMSA renal scan were found in 67(43.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 30(89%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Bilateral DMSA abnormalities were noted in 8(5.2%) of 155 children with the first UTI and in 11(29.7%) of 37 children with recurrent UTI. Of the 70 children who underwent VCUG, VUR was seen in 41(58.6%) children. Of the 41 children with VUR, 31(90.2%) children had abnormal DMSA images. VUR was demonstrated in 37(75.5%) of 49 children with abnormal DMSA images and especially in 100% of 14 children with bilateral abnormal DMSA images. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of abnormal DMSA images was found in children with recurrent UTI and children with VUR, especially high grade or bilateral reflux. DMSA renal scan is a sensitive method for evaluating the functional defect of involved kidney and predicting coexistent VUR according to its image appearance in patients with UTI.
Child* ; Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney ; Male ; Pyelonephritis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Succimer ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux