Tuberculosis of parotid gland is extremely rare, even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. It can occur by systemic dissemination from a distant focus or as primary involvement. Because of the clinical and radiological similarity, parotid tumor and parotid inflammatory disease take priority over the tuberculosis of parotid when it comes to differential diagnosis. As a result, clinicians often fail to make a timely diagnosis of tuberculosis of parotid gland in patient with a slowly growing parotid mass. However, its treatment is primarily medical if the positive diagnosis is well established. We have recently experienced a case of tuberculosis of parotid gland that was considered as the benign tumor preoperatively, but which was confirmed as tuberculosis of parotid gland after extracapsular dissection. We report it with a review of literature.

Tuberculosis of parotid gland is extremely rare, even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. It can occur by systemic dissemination from a distant focus or as primary involvement. Because of the clinical and radiological similarity, parotid tumor and parotid inflammatory disease take priority over the tuberculosis of parotid when it comes to differential diagnosis. As a result, clinicians often fail to make a timely diagnosis of tuberculosis of parotid gland in patient with a slowly growing parotid mass. However, its treatment is primarily medical if the positive diagnosis is well established. We have recently experienced a case of tuberculosis of parotid gland that was considered as the benign tumor preoperatively, but which was confirmed as tuberculosis of parotid gland after extracapsular dissection. We report it with a review of literature.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of infectious keratitis in Gwang-ju, Jeonnam Province, Korea. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 260 eyes of 260 patients diagnosed with infectious keratitis at the Chosun University Hospital from January 2015 to February 2020. Results: The mean age of disease onset was 58.9 years; 132 (50.8%) of all patients were male and 128 (49.2%) female. The culture positivity rate was 24.6%. Gram-negative bacteria were cultured from 38 eyes (59%), Gram-positive bacteria from 21 (33%), and fungi from five (8%). The most commonly isolated microorganism was Stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia (a Gram-negative rod; 17 cases [26.6%]). Prior use of topical antibiotics was significantly more prevalent in the culture-negative than -positive group. In the latter group, the initial visual acuity was poor (p = 0.015) and the frequency of epithelial defects ≥5 mm2 in area was higher than in the culture-negative group (p = 0.001). Trauma caused by vegetable matter (44 eyes, 16.9%) was the most common predisposing factor. The risk factors for a poor visual outcome were such trauma (p = 0.013), previous ocular surgery (p = 0.006), an epithelial defect area greater than 5 mm2 (p < 0.001), and a follow-up period <10 months (p = 0.005). Conclusions The Gwangju Jeollanam-do community is more rural than urban, contains a large older population, and features few hospitals. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered to be the most frequent causes of infectious keratitis in Korea. However, in our study Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was the organism most frequently cultured.

PURPOSE: To report a case of primary amyloidosis localized to the conjunctiva. CASE SUMMARY: A 19-year-old male with a conjunctival mass and foreign body sensations in the right eye transferred from another hospital. A 0.5 × 2.5 cm reddish mass was present in the medial canthus of the right conjunctiva with no other clinically specific signs. Surgical excisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination showed amyloid deposition. There was no other orbital involvement apart from the conjunctiva. Abnormalities were not found in the systemic examination. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of primary amyloidosis localized to the conjunctiva.
Amyloidosis ; Biopsy ; Conjunctiva ; Conjunctival Neoplasms ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Male ; Orbit ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Sensation ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between the degree of enophthalmos and the volume of herniated orbital tissue measured from computed tomography scan in the isolated blowout fractures of orbital wall. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: In this retrospective study, 100 patients with isolated blowout fractures were evaluated. We classified them into 4 groups according to the site of fracture (medial and inferior) and the presence of symptoms like diplopia and limitation of ocular motility, which needs an operation. The volume of orbit and herniated orbital tissue has been measured by computed tomography scans using three-dimensional reconstruction technique, and the degree of enophthalmos was evaluated with Hertel's ophthalmometer. We compared the volume from which we got from the computed tomography scan, the degree of enophthalmos and the presence of symptoms to figure out the mutual relation between the groups. RESULTS: In the case of medial blowout fracture group, the volume of herniated orbital tissues increased significantly with the presence of symptoms and was in proportion to the extent of enophthalmos (p<0.05). The volume expansion of orbit associated with 2 mm of enophthalmos as calculated by the regression curve was 3.1 ml or 12.8 % in the no-symptoms groups. Finally, in the case of inferior blowout fracture group, there was no evidence of mutual relation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that surgical intervention is required even though there isn't any symptom for medial blowout fractures, especially when the orbit volume is more than 12.8%. In cases of inferior blowout fractures, a close follow-up is needed even though the extent of fracture is small.
Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Orbit ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Various endoscopic thyroidectomy procedures have been designed to minimize visible cervical scarring. However, endoscopic thyroidectomy is a technically challenging procedure that is performed by a limited surgeon. Robotic systems aida surgeon in performing minimally invasive head and neck surgery by offering superior visualization and dexterity. This study reports the initial experience of one surgeon with robotic thyroidectomy to assess the technical feasibility and safety of the approach. METHODS: One hundred four thyroid cancer patients (97 females, 7 males; mean age of 39.8±8.1 years) underwent robotic thyroidectomy using gasless transaxillary approach between November 2008 and October 2009 in Ajou University Hospital. All the procedures were completed successfully using the da Vinci surgical system without open conversion. Patient characteristics, postoperative clinical results, complications, and pathologic details were assessed. RESULTS: Total thyroidectomy was performed in 25 (24.0%) patients, subtotal thyroidectomy in 13 (12.5%) patients, and unilateral lobectomy in 66 (63.5%) patients. All patients underwent ipsilateral central compartment neck dissection, and two patients underwent selective lymph node (LN) dissection. The mean operation time was 134.5±47.2 min (range 61~310 min), in which the actual time for the thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy (console time) was 56.4 min. (range 31~270). The mean number of LN resected was 3.9 (range 0~28). There were no serious complications. The mean hospital stay was 2.9±0.9 days (range 2~7). CONCLUSION: Robotic thyroidectomy is a feasible, safe, and cosmetically excellent procedure. The application of robotic technology for thyroid surgeries could be an alternative to endoscopic or conventional open thyroidectomy.
Cicatrix ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy*

A 61-year-old woman who underwent total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) five years previously referred for a cervical retrotracheal mass. The mass had intense fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), and was thus thought to be malignant. Transcutaneous ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration (FNA) was not feasible, so we tried endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) with transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) to obtain a cytology specimen. After surgery, the mass was confirmed to be a metastatic lymph node from the previous PTC, confirming the TBNA results. Although the utility of EBUS-TBNA for evaluating mediastinal metastasis has been reported in a number of studies, few reports have addressed its utility in the cervical region. Here we report this unusual case of metastatic lymph node of PTC that recurred in the cervical retrotracheal area. It was found to exhibit esophageal muscular invasion, and was accurately diagnosed on EBUS-TBNA.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Electrons ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Middle Aged ; Needles* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; Ultrasonography*

Gliosarcoma is a rare primary brain tumor composed of neoplastic glial cells and a sareomatous spindle-cell element. We report three cases of gliosarcoma, and describe their MR findings, which in many respects are very similar to those of malignant astrocytomas. Gliosarcomas are, however, more peripherally located, abutting and/or invading the dura mater, and at T2-weighted imaging their signal intensity is lower than is usually the case with malignant astrocyomas. Despite its rarity, the possibility of gliosarcoma should be considered when MR findings of this nature are apparent.
Astrocytoma ; Brain Neoplasms ; Dura Mater ; Gliosarcoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neuroglia

Spontaneously ruptured renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in end-stage kidney disease is very rare. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of the relatively small tumor size, associated hematoma, and surrounding acquired cysts. Two middle-aged men who were maintained on hemodialysis (HD) for over 10 years suddenly developed flank pain during HD. Computed tomography scans revealed an enhancing ruptured renal mass in one patient, and no obvious tumor lesion except for a hematoma in the other, both of which were later confirmed as RCCs by pathologic specimens.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Male ; Renal Dialysis ; Rupture