Melanosomes were isolated from the human hair by graded centrifugation and identified by transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination. Melanosomes were separated from the keratinous structures by treating with strong NaOH solution for 15 hours. The keratinous structures were removed by centrifugation ai 2,500xg and 3,500xg for 10 minutes respectively at 0 ℃. The isolated melanosomes were collected by centrifugation at 7,800xg at 0 ℃. Scanning electron microscopic examination made it possible to evaluate the global structure of purified melanosomes.
Centrifugation ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Melanosomes* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

In this study, 20 students in C university were selected by control group and 14 shift work nurses working in C university hospital by test group It took part in case of day shift(8AM-4PM), evening shift(4PM-12MN), and night shift(12MN-8AM) to know a urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol changes which works in a rapidly rotating shift work system. The working team were an rest period of a day and an oberservation of an week. It obtained an urine specimen before and after work shift in 2nd day. Test group and control group of shift work compared to change of levels of urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol of urine collected from nurses of day shift, evening shift, and night shift. The data was analyzed by t-test, paired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Compare 8AM with 4PM in day shift. Control group increased 4.1mg at 8AM, 4.2mg at 4PM in a case of 17-OHCS(p=.84) and also test group increased a little 3.5mg at start time of work, 3.6mg at stop time(p=.97). In a case of free cortisol control group decreased 3.8microgram at 8AM, 2.4microgram at 4PM(p=.12) and test group decreased 8.3microgramat start time of work, 3.2microgram at stop time(p=.22). 2. Compare 4PM with 12MN in evening shift. Control group decreased 4.2mg at 4PM, 2.9mg at 12MN in a case 17-OHCS(p=.54), but test group increased 1.7mgat start time of work, 3.4mg at stop time(p=.07). In a case of free cortisol control group decreased 2.4microgram at 4PM, 1.9microgram AT 12MN(p=.23) and also test group decreased a little 2.6microgram at start time of work, 1microgram at stop time(p=.43). 3. Compared 12MN with 8AM in night shift. Control group increased 3.9mg at 12MN, 4.1mg at 8AM in a case of 17-OHCS(p=.79) and also test group increased 6.3mg at start time of work, 8.4mg at stop time(p=.16). In a case of free cortisol control group increased 1.9microgram at 12MN, 3.8microgram at 8AM(p=.08) and test group increased 4.4microgram at start time of work, 11.6microgram at stop time(p=.04). As a result of this study reveals that health level of nurses is decreased in a rotating shift work(2 days internal). As mentioned above, it was confirmed that the rotating shift work had influence on the health of the nurse. For it, I present the objective base data to measure the level healthy in order to extend the understanding of the physical aspects of the nurses. Moreover, it is considered that one can make use of it as an objective base data with a view to the rational management for the nursing administration.
Health Status ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Nursing

No abstract available.
Animals* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Animals* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Apgar Score* ; Humans ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

The decreasing effect on the heart rate of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is well known. This effect of propranolol was studied in conscious and anesthetized men. Propranolol in small doses (0.5 mg and l.0 mg) was given intravenously to fifteen conscious and ten halothane anesthetized men. The heart rate showed definite decrease in all cases, the effect being more pronounced in the halothane anesthetized group than in the conscious group. The bradycardia action mechanism of propranolol is different from that of small doses of the belladona alkaloids.
Alkaloids ; Anesthesia* ; Bradycardia ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Male ; Propranolol*

In order to observe the effect on cardiovascular depression due to ether, halothane or penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol (1mg) , change in the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after intravenous administration of atropine(0.5mg), ephedrine(20mg) or aramine(2mg) to healthy volunteers. The results were as follos, 1) In conscious patients, intravenous administration of propranolol(1mg) caused a statistically significant decrease in pulse rate but no significant change in the blood pressure. 2) The atropine group showed that blood pressure increased by 33/23(p<0.01), 15/13(p<0.01) and 3/4(NS) mmHg, and pulse rate also increased by 20(p<0.01), 24(p<0.05), 11(p<0.05) per min. respectively during ether, halothane and penthrane anesthesia. 3) The ephedrine group showed that blood pressure decreased by 5/0(NS) during ether anesthesia, and increased by 27/17(p<0.01) and 30/15(p<0.01) mmHg during halothane and penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate decreased by 7(p<0.05) per min. during ether anesthesia but showed no significant change during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia. 4) The aramine group showed that blood pressure increased by 70/34(p<0.01), 29/19(p<0.01) and 28/19Ip<0.001) mmHg during ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate increased by 7(NS) per min. during ether anesthesia and decreased by 8(p<0.05) per min. during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. 5) The above results have shown that atropine caused effective correction of the cardiovascular depression induced by ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol. Ephedrine showed futher depression and aramine effected elevation of the blood pressure.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Ether* ; Halothane* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Metaraminol ; Methoxyflurane* ; Propranolol*

It is well known that a small dose of atropine produces a significant decrease in the heart rate in normal human volunteers. The authors administered a small dose of atropine intravenously to thirteen halothane anesthetized and sixteen comatose patients, and compared its effect on the heart rate in both groups. The results are as follows: 1) In the halothane anesthetized patients, atropine(0.25mg) produced a significant increase in the heart rate. 2) In the comatose patients, atropine(0.25mg) also produced an increase in the heart rate, but the increase was less significant than that in the anesthetized patient. 3) Under halothane anesthesia and in the comatose state, the absence of bradycardia after atropine may suggest the fact that the sympathetic ganglion is already depressed in both states.
Anesthesia ; Atropine* ; Bradycardia ; Coma ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Halothane ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Neurosurgery*

No abstract available.
Poliomyelitis*