No abstract available.
Animals* ; Leptospirosis*

No abstract available.
Animals* ; Leptospirosis*

Melanosomes were isolated from the human hair by graded centrifugation and identified by transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination. Melanosomes were separated from the keratinous structures by treating with strong NaOH solution for 15 hours. The keratinous structures were removed by centrifugation ai 2,500xg and 3,500xg for 10 minutes respectively at 0 ℃. The isolated melanosomes were collected by centrifugation at 7,800xg at 0 ℃. Scanning electron microscopic examination made it possible to evaluate the global structure of purified melanosomes.
Centrifugation ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Melanosomes* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

In this study, 20 students in C university were selected by control group and 14 shift work nurses working in C university hospital by test group It took part in case of day shift(8AM-4PM), evening shift(4PM-12MN), and night shift(12MN-8AM) to know a urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol changes which works in a rapidly rotating shift work system. The working team were an rest period of a day and an oberservation of an week. It obtained an urine specimen before and after work shift in 2nd day. Test group and control group of shift work compared to change of levels of urinary 17-OHCS and free cortisol of urine collected from nurses of day shift, evening shift, and night shift. The data was analyzed by t-test, paired t-test. The results are as follows. 1. Compare 8AM with 4PM in day shift. Control group increased 4.1mg at 8AM, 4.2mg at 4PM in a case of 17-OHCS(p=.84) and also test group increased a little 3.5mg at start time of work, 3.6mg at stop time(p=.97). In a case of free cortisol control group decreased 3.8microgram at 8AM, 2.4microgram at 4PM(p=.12) and test group decreased 8.3microgramat start time of work, 3.2microgram at stop time(p=.22). 2. Compare 4PM with 12MN in evening shift. Control group decreased 4.2mg at 4PM, 2.9mg at 12MN in a case 17-OHCS(p=.54), but test group increased 1.7mgat start time of work, 3.4mg at stop time(p=.07). In a case of free cortisol control group decreased 2.4microgram at 4PM, 1.9microgram AT 12MN(p=.23) and also test group decreased a little 2.6microgram at start time of work, 1microgram at stop time(p=.43). 3. Compared 12MN with 8AM in night shift. Control group increased 3.9mg at 12MN, 4.1mg at 8AM in a case of 17-OHCS(p=.79) and also test group increased 6.3mg at start time of work, 8.4mg at stop time(p=.16). In a case of free cortisol control group increased 1.9microgram at 12MN, 3.8microgram at 8AM(p=.08) and test group increased 4.4microgram at start time of work, 11.6microgram at stop time(p=.04). As a result of this study reveals that health level of nurses is decreased in a rotating shift work(2 days internal). As mentioned above, it was confirmed that the rotating shift work had influence on the health of the nurse. For it, I present the objective base data to measure the level healthy in order to extend the understanding of the physical aspects of the nurses. Moreover, it is considered that one can make use of it as an objective base data with a view to the rational management for the nursing administration.
Health Status ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone* ; Nursing

A 17 year old girl underwent a surgery of spine fusion for a tuberculous cervical spine (C(4~5) ) under halothane-02 anesthesia. On the 1st postoperative day, sudden high fever(39.7 degrees C) with chillness and leukocytosis with eosinophilia were noted. On the following day, generalized jaundice, right hypochondralgia and slight hepatomegaly with marked impairment of liver function tests were noted. HB antigens were negative and there was no transfusion history of blood or blood products. About 2 months after operation, she was discharged with symptomatic improvement and almost normal laboratory data.
Anesthesia* ; Drug-Induced Liver Injury* ; Eosinophilia ; Female ; Halothane* ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Leukocytosis ; Liver Function Tests ; Spine

Succinylcholine has been reported to cause elevation of intraocular pressure(IOP.) IOP measurements, following single and mixed intravenous administration of succinylcholine and pancuronium, given immediately after thiopental, were made in 40 surgical patients, to assess the effect of pacuronium on the succinylcholine induced increase in IOP. The major findings of this study were as follows; 1) Tbiopental showed significant lowering effect on IOP. 2) A single intravenous injection of succinylcholine(1mg/kg) caused a slight rise of lOP. 3) A single intravenous injection of pancuronium(4mg) caused a slight decrease of IOP. 4) A mixed intravenous injection of succinylcholine and pancuronium increased the IOP more significantly than succinylcholine alone, This also means that pancuronium do not inhibit succinylcholine induced increase In IOP. 5) Tracheal intubation caused a rise of IOP significantly.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intubation ; Pancuronium* ; Succinylcholine* ; Thiopental

Effect of succinyleholine on the intra-ocular pressure was assessed in 29 surgical patients. After pretreatment of thiopental in a dose to induce the loss of eye-lid reflex the intra- ocular pressure was measured following intravenous administrdtion of succinylcholine. The following were the results. 1) Thiopental showed a significant lowering effect on the intra-ocular pressure. 2) A small dose(0.5mg/kg) of succinylcholine, given immediately after thiopental restored the intra-ocular pressure to the preanesthetic level. 3) A large dose(1.0~2.0mg/kg) of succinylcholine, administered immediately after thiopental, sustained the intra-ocular pressure below the preanesthetic leve. 4) Teacheal intubation caused a rise of the intra-ocular pressure above the preanesthetic level, more significantly than that of succinyleholine. 5) Suecinylcholine, in a large dose, showed a depressing effect on elevation of the intraocular pressure induced by tracheal intubation.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intubation ; Reflex ; Succinylcholine* ; Thiopental

That gallamine causes tachycardia during general anesthesia is well known, but the efficacy of its anticholinergic action or an adrenergic beta blocking action remains to be determined. Twelve patients were subjected to this study, in which under halothane anesthesia small doses of propranolol. an adrenergic beta-blocker, was administered. In all cases bradycardia resulted and the greatest decrease was noted five minutes after intravenous injection of propranolol(0. 5 1. 0mg). At the height of bradycardia, gallamine 80 mg was administered intravenously. In all cases gallamine produced a significant increase of heart rate over the level before the injection of propranolol, but not so much as without propranolol pretreatment. But fifth minute values after propranolol expressed as 100 per cent, (per cent change in heart rate after propranolol followed by gallamine,) and after gallamine were similar effectively. This study suggested that gallamine-induced tachycardia is modified, but its anticholinergic action is not impaired by propranolol, and that gallamine-induced tachycardia is caused by anticholiaergic action of gallamine.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Bradycardia ; Gallamine Triethiodide ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Propranolol* ; Tachycardia*

In human volunteers, 0.25mg of atropine was given in divided doses(0.1mg and 0.15mg) with an interval of 15 minutes and 50 minutes When atropine was given with an interval of 15 minutes, the first dose (0.1mg) produced bardycardia and the second does caused slight increase of pulse rate which did not exceed the original rate. When atropine was given with an interval of 50 minutes, the first dose (0.1mg) produced bradycardia and the second dose marked increase of pulse rate which exceeded the original rate.
Atropine* ; Bradycardia ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate*

In order to observe the effect on cardiovascular depression due to ether, halothane or penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol (1mg) , change in the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured after intravenous administration of atropine(0.5mg), ephedrine(20mg) or aramine(2mg) to healthy volunteers. The results were as follos, 1) In conscious patients, intravenous administration of propranolol(1mg) caused a statistically significant decrease in pulse rate but no significant change in the blood pressure. 2) The atropine group showed that blood pressure increased by 33/23(p<0.01), 15/13(p<0.01) and 3/4(NS) mmHg, and pulse rate also increased by 20(p<0.01), 24(p<0.05), 11(p<0.05) per min. respectively during ether, halothane and penthrane anesthesia. 3) The ephedrine group showed that blood pressure decreased by 5/0(NS) during ether anesthesia, and increased by 27/17(p<0.01) and 30/15(p<0.01) mmHg during halothane and penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate decreased by 7(p<0.05) per min. during ether anesthesia but showed no significant change during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia. 4) The aramine group showed that blood pressure increased by 70/34(p<0.01), 29/19(p<0.01) and 28/19Ip<0.001) mmHg during ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. Pulse rate increased by 7(NS) per min. during ether anesthesia and decreased by 8(p<0.05) per min. during halothane and Penthrane anesthesia respectively. 5) The above results have shown that atropine caused effective correction of the cardiovascular depression induced by ether, halothane and Penthrane anesthesia with pretreatment of propranolol. Ephedrine showed futher depression and aramine effected elevation of the blood pressure.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Ephedrine ; Ether* ; Halothane* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Humans ; Metaraminol ; Methoxyflurane* ; Propranolol*