Blood glucose levels were measured in 89 healthy term neonates during the first 72 hours using the SureStep, a newly developed reagent test strip method by LifeScan. The blood samples were obtained by heel-stick puncture and blood glucose concentrations were monitored at birth(0), 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after birth. Mean and standard deviation of their measurement were compared according to postnatal hours and type of delivery. Comparison of significance between mean plasma glucose levels were made with the Wilcoxon rank sum test and significance level of 0.05 was used to determine which pair-wise comparisons were significantly different. The mean plasma glucose concentrations of first 6 hours were significantly lower than those of 12, 24, 48, 72 hours. This finding indicates that plasma glucose stabilization in healthy fullterm neonates can be expected with the feedings. The mean plasma glucose concentration at birth in the neonates of cesarean section (64.5+-8.06 mg/dl) was significantly lower than that of vaginal delivery (80.3+-20.7 mg/dl), but there were no significant differences after 2 hours. This may be due to the difference in prenatal care of obstetric department of Horamae hospital (C/S: midnight NPO and Hartmann solution, V/D: NPO with labor pain and 5% dextrose solution intravenously). In summary, the changes in perinatal care, especially prenatal fluid therapy and time of first feeding should be considered in defining neonatal hypoglycemia. Our data suggest that hypoglycemia should he defined as below 40 mg/dl during the first 6 hours and below 55 mg/dl thereafter.
Blood Glucose* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Infant, Newborn* ; Labor Pain ; Parturition ; Perinatal Care ; Plasma* ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Punctures ; Reagent Strips*

Moyamoya disease is a rare occlusive cerebrovascular disease characterized by stenosis or occlusion of the main cerebral arteries. It has a tendency for multifactorial inheritance and familial occurrence, although its pathogenesis is not clear. We observed this disease in two girls from the same family:one was eight years old and the other was 45 months. They presented with transient ischemic attacks. We performed cerebral angiography on both patients and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) on the younger. Both approaches showed the typical features of moyamoya disease, and MRA successfully revealed abnormal findings specific for the disease in the second child. Both children received encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) and this produced good results. MRA is thus a powerful and noninvasive way of detecting individuals at high risk of developing this disease. Considering the reported familial incidence of moyamoya disease in Japan, a careful search for family members using MRA would probably reveal many more such cases in Korea.
Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Arteries ; Child ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Japan ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Moyamoya Disease* ; Multifactorial Inheritance

No abstract available.
Scimitar Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Pulmonary Valve*

No abstract available.
Gestational Age* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Cerbral embolism in the patient with rheumatic heart disease is a serious complication and has poor prognosis. In view of the abundance of rheumatic heart disease in Korea, a retrospective clinical study was done on 49 cases of cerebral embolism with rheumatic heart disease admitted to Severance Hospital from 1970 through 1977. The resultls were as follows; 1. The age distribution of the 49 patients ranged from 20 to 70 years and the mean age was 48.7 years. Twenty-five patients, more than half of the total number, were in their 5th and 6th decades, and the peak of the incidence was in the 6th decade. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3. 2. Mitral stenosis was by far the most predominant valvular lesion representing 33 of the 49 cases, and 25 of the 33 patients had "pure" mitral stenosis. Mitral valve involvement represented 43 of the 49 cases. 3. Seventeen of the total 49 cases were in regular sinus rhythm whereas 32 of the 49 were in atrial fibrillation at the time of admission. 4. Twenty-two of the 49 patients expired during the hospitalization whereas only six made complete recovery and the other 21 made variable degrees of recovery. The anticoagulant treatment did not appear to make any significant difference in the mortality probably due to inadequacy of timing, completeness and followup.
Age Distribution ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Embolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intracranial Embolism* ; Korea ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Mitral Valve Stenosis ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatic Heart Disease*

Fewer than one half of patients with acute myocardial infarction is a candidate for thrombolytic therapy. Current data revealed that primary coronary stenting may be useful alternative to intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in these subset of patients. We experienced a patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction and acute promyelocytic leukemia in whom thrombolytic therapy was thought be not eligible due to hemorrhagic tendency. Primary coronary stenting was performed successfully without complications. Follow-up angiography revealed no evidence of restenosis or stent occlusion.
Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; Myocardial Infarction ; Stents* ; Thrombolytic Therapy

Eimeria tenella, an intracellular protozoan parasite infecting the epithelial cells of the ceca of chickens, causes severe diarrhea and bleeding that can lead its host to death. It is of interest that E. tenella first penetrate into the mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) before they parasitize crypt or villous epithelial cells. This in vitro study was undertaken to know whether the penetration of E. tenella into such a lymphoid cell is a beneficial step for the parasite survival and development. Three sequential experiments were performed. First, the in vitro established bovine kidney cell line, MDBK cells, were evaluated for use as host cells for E. tenella, through morphological observation. Second, the degree of parasite development and multiplication in MDBK cells was quantitatively assayed using radioisotope-labelled uracil (3H-uracil). Third, the E. tenella sporozoites viability was assayed after preincubation of them with chicken spleen cells. E. tenella oocysts obtained from the ceca of the infected chickens were used for the source of the sporozoites. Spleen cells (E) obtained from normal chickens (FP strain) were preincubated with the sporozoites (T) at the E:T ratio of 100:1, 50:1 or 25:1 for 4 or 12 hours, and then the mixture was inoculated into the MDBK cell monolayer. Morphologically the infected MDBK cells revealed active schizogonic cycle of E. tenella in 3-4 days, which was characterized by the appearance of trophozoites, and immature and mature schizonts containing merozoites. The 3H-uracil uptake by E. tenella increased gradually in the MDBK cells, which made a plateau after 48-60 hours, and decreased thereafter. The uptake amount of 3H-uracil depended not only upon the inoculum size of the sporozoites but also on the degree of time delay (preincubation; sporozoites only) from excystation to inoculation into MDBK cells. The 3H-uracil uptake became lower as the preincubation time was prolonged. In comparison, after preincubation of sporozoites with spleen cells for 4 or 12 hours, the 3H-uracil uptake was significantly increased compared with that of control group. From the results, it was inferred that, although the penetration of E. tenella sporozoites into the lymphoid cells such as IEL is not an essential step, it should be at least a beneficial one for the survival and development of sporozoites in the chicken intestine.
Cattle- ; Cell-Line ; Cells,-Cultured ; Chickens- ; English-Abstract ; *Eimeria-growth-and-development ; *Kidney-parasitology ; *Lymphocytes-parasitology ; *Spleen-cytology

Isolated pulmonary stenosis, a relatively common congenital anomaly that accounts for about 10 percent of all congenital heart disease, is characterized by stenosis of pulmonary valve itself, infundibulum or both of them. Since cardiac catherterization was applied to man by Cournand and Ranges, pulmonary stenosis had been easily diagnosed and many clinical studies had been investigated. It has a wide clinical spectrum depending on the degree of stenosis. The electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and chest X-ray have proved useful in estimating the severity of hemodynamic facotrs in individual cases. This series comprises 47 cases in whom the clinical diagnosis of isolated pulmonary stenosis was confirmed by right heart catheterization with cardiac cineangiography at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University. An attempt was made to correlate the electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, chest X-ray findings, and types of stenosis with the hemodynamic data in these cases. 1. Of 47 patients, 33 were male and 14 female. Their ages ranged from 2 to 42 years: the mean age was 19.1 years. 2. The incidence was 5.9 percent of all 797 catheterized congenital heart disease cases. The pulmonary valvular stenosis was 30 (68.3%), infundibular 7 (14.6%) and combined 10 (21.6%) cases. 3. The correlation between electrocardiogram and hemodynamic data were as follows. i) The regression equation between right ventricular sysytolic pressure (RVSP) and height of R wave in V1 lead (RV1) was RVSP=3.32 RV1+48.2: its correlation coefficient was 0.818 and it was very significant (p=0.000). ii) The higher the RVSP, the more the frontal axis of QRS complex shifted to the right side (r=0.55. p=0.001). iii) The RVSP of the groups with positive ECG findings such as p-pulmonale, right ventricular hypertrophy or right ventricular strain were much higher than the RVSP of the groups without such findings (p=0.032.0.000, 0.000). iv) The group with RV1 higher than 20 mm showed much more elevated mean of RVSP than the group with lower RV1 (p=0.000). v) The groups with the above mentioned positive ECG findings showed good correlation with the severity of RVSP which was arbitrarily classified as 49 or less, 50~100, and 100 mmHg or more (chi-square=8.96, 26.69, 19.06; p=0.011, 0.000, 0.000). 4. The group with late occurrence of the maximum intensity of the ejection systolic murmur showed higher mean of RVSP than the group with early peak of the murmur (p=0.014). 5. The means of RVSP of the groups with chest X-ray findings such as decreased pulmonary vascularity, were much higher than the means of RVSP of the groups without such findings (p=0.000, 0.005, 0.015). The groups with above mentioned positive chest X-ray findings showed good corelations with the severity of RVSP which was classified as above limits (chi-square=7.55, 10.94, 13.36; p=0.022, 0.004, 0.001). 6. Combined pulmonary valvular and infundibular stenosis showed more severe systolic pressure gradient and higher mean of RVSP than the isolated types (p=0.000).
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Catheters ; Cineangiography ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular ; Incidence ; Male ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Systolic Murmurs ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Improvements in catheter equipments and increasing experience of the operators have brought about a broadening of the indications and applications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA). In particular, coronary angioplasty has been employed in total occlusions.We evaluated the initial success rate and safety of PTCA total occulsive coronary artery disease. METHODS: To assess the success rate and safety of PTCA total coronary artery occlusion, the data of 24 patients(male 19, female 5, mean age 55+/-9 years), in whom PTCA for total occlusion were performed, were examined. RESULTS: Primary success rate of procedure was 66.7%(16 out of 24 lesions).The success rate according to the duration of total occlusions was 8 out of 11(72.7%) with occlusions<4 weeks duration and 3 out of 7(42.9%) with occlusions>4 weeks duration(p=0.07). There was no difference in success rate according to vassel dilate(left anterior descending 75.0%, right coronary 44.4%) and length of occluded lesion(0.93%+/-0.47%cm, p=0.35). Eight procedural failures included inability to cross the lesion with a guide wire in 6 and inability to dilate the lesion in 2, but there was no emergency coronary bypass surgery or cardiac death. CONCLUSION: Even though the recanalization of occluded coronary arteries has a lower initial success rate than angioplasty for stenotic arteries, PTCA in total occlusion can be performed as a safe and effective therapeutic modality in selective patients.
Angioplasty ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary* ; Arteries ; Catheters ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Death ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans