PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of revision endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) and the causes of postoperative failure after primary endoscopic DCR in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 32 patients (32 eyes) who had undergone revision of endoscopic DCR with the diagnosis of obstruction of nasolacrimal system after primary EDCR between October 1997 and February 2003. RESULTS: The most common cause of revision operation after primary EDCR was granuloma, followed by membranous obstruction and common canalicular obstruction. The success rate of the cases with granuloma was 69.2%, and that with membranous obstruction was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Revision EDCR success rate can be improved by reducing the frequency of granuloma as this was the most common factor for revision EDCR. The effect of antimetabolites in revision EDCR success rate is to be further evaluated.
Antimetabolites ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Diagnosis ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Prospective Studies

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Tuberculosis, Renal* ; Ureter*

BACKGROUND: Psychogenic and physical aspects of health is interesting issue in the field of family medicine. We intended to study the relationship between physical illness and symptoms with self esteem, and hoped to understand disease in general behavioral context. METHODS: We selected 124 persons who visited family medicine OPD in Paik Hospital from August 3 to August 20, 1995, and answered questionnaire frankly. The qestionnaire consisted of Rosenberg self esteem scale as paremeter of self esteem and Hopkins symptom check list as parameter of physical health. The third author analyzed the medical record and rated the severity of disease as grade I-VII, for another parameter of physical health. The other factors-age, sex, marriage, education level, family, income-were analyzed by self esteem. RESULTS: We divided the study population into two groups, low self esteem group and high self esteem group. In low self esteem group, the persons complain more symptoms in Hopkins symptom check list significantly(P=0.009). Those who were highly educated had significantly higher self esteem(P=0.047). The severity of disease, sex, age, marriage, type of family, income showed no significant relationship with self esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The education level was the factor that influence self esteem. The person of low self esteem complains more symptoms. So we should consider self esteem in medical practice.
Education ; Hope ; Humans ; Marriage ; Medical Records ; Self Concept* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Psychogenic and physical aspects of health is interesting issue in the field of family medicine. We intended to study the relationship between physical illness and symptoms with self esteem, and hoped to understand disease in general behavioral context. METHODS: We selected 124 persons who visited family medicine OPD in Paik Hospital from August 3 to August 20, 1995, and answered questionnaire frankly. The qestionnaire consisted of Rosenberg self esteem scale as paremeter of self esteem and Hopkins symptom check list as parameter of physical health. The third author analyzed the medical record and rated the severity of disease as grade I-VII, for another parameter of physical health. The other factors-age, sex, marriage, education level, family, income-were analyzed by self esteem. RESULTS: We divided the study population into two groups, low self esteem group and high self esteem group. In low self esteem group, the persons complain more symptoms in Hopkins symptom check list significantly(P=0.009). Those who were highly educated had significantly higher self esteem(P=0.047). The severity of disease, sex, age, marriage, type of family, income showed no significant relationship with self esteem. CONCLUSIONS: The education level was the factor that influence self esteem. The person of low self esteem complains more symptoms. So we should consider self esteem in medical practice.
Education ; Hope ; Humans ; Marriage ; Medical Records ; Self Concept* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Of 14,682 samples of feces examined, 81.7% were positive for intestinal helminths. Trichocephalus trichiurus was observed most frequently, in 73.2%. Eight other species of helminths found were Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichostrongylus orientalis, Clonorchis sinensis, Tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, Paragoniumus westermani and Enterobius vermicularis, listed in decreasing order. Double infections were found more frequently than single infections, and mixed infection of five or more species of helminths occurred in 0.2% Of 10,320 samples of feces examined, 22.3% were positive for intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba coli was observed most frequently, in 11.1%. Six other species, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnill and lsospora hominis were found, in the order. It was noticed that E. histolytica was found more frequently in trichurial infection than with other helminths. Of 1,050 samples of sputum from the T. B. Clinic, 7.0% were positive for paragonimus eggs. Trichomonas vaginalis were found in 35.8%of 1,146 vaginal swabs examined. Seven cases of Plasmodium vivax infection were found among 140 suspected blood smears.
Incidence

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine health inequality for gender and region in Korea. Especially it focused on health status such as disease prevalence and medical utilization of rural women. METHODS: Data from the Korea national health and nutrition survey in 2001 were used. The final sample size was 37,108 individuals with age 20 and over. This study applied the logistic regression for nominal variables such as disease prevalence and unmet care needs and with the regression for continuos variables such as the length and costs of medical services. RESULTS: Rates of disease prevalence and unmet care needs for chronic disease in rural area are higher than those in middle cities and big cities, and regional differences of those for women are more than those for mens with controlling ages. There could be interaction effect with region and sex. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that health policy maker should take consider of special status of rural women who are in health inequality.
Chronic Disease ; Female ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Prevalence ; Rural Health ; Sample Size ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the aspects of Pap smear affect cervical abnormality in our country. METHODS: We compared the sensitivity of Pap smear of 241 cases of pathologic proven CIN & invasive cancer, compared to that of 655 cases with normal cervical biopsy, and reviewed the history of the test of 138 cases, retrospectively. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the test was 89.6%, 92.7% in CIN & invasive cancer group, respectively, with 96.9% specificity. Among 241 cases, 138 cases were examined for the frequency of test during the 3 years with the result of 2.42, 2.17/3yr in CIN and invasive cancer. And distribution of the test was not different between the two groups. The mean intervals of last two Pap smear before diagnosing final pathology in CIN and cancer were 12.1, 13.7 months, respectively, with no statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We concluded that in our country the aspects of Pap smear such as frequency and interval do not influence the result of cervical abnormality, so recommend the annual Pap test as a screening.
Biopsy ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia* ; Mass Screening ; Papanicolaou Test* ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: To compare the short term effects of topical 0.05% cyclosporine (CsA) and a mixture of 0.08% chondroitin sulfate and 0.06% sodium hyaluronate (CS-HA) on dry eye ocular surfaces. METHODS: 36 patients with moderate to severe dry eye (5 mm/5 min or less with Schirmer's test or tear break up time (BUT) less than 6 seconds), were treated with topical application of CS-HA on one eye and CsA on the other 4 times a day for 6-8 weeks. BUT, Schirmer's test without anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC; goblet cell density, nucleus to cytoplasmic ratio, and epithelial cell morphology) were evaluated and compared between eyes before and after treatment (repeated measurement of ANOVA). RESULTS: After treatment, BUT and tear wettings were significantly prolonged in each group. Topical CsA treated eyes had greater increase in BUT (p=0.026); there was no significant difference in tear wetting (p=0.132). While the 3 parameters of CIC improved in both groups, goblet cell density was significantly higher in eyes treated with CsA (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: While both CS-HA and 0.05% CsA eyedrops improve ocular surfaces, topical CsA may have a better effect on enhancing tear film stability and goblet cell density.
Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage ; Administration, Topical ; Cell Count ; Chondroitin Sulfates/*administration & dosage ; Conjunctiva/drug effects/pathology ; Cyclosporine/*administration & dosage ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dry Eye Syndromes/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Epithelium/drug effects/pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Goblet Cells/drug effects/pathology ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/*administration & dosage ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage ; Tears/drug effects/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To describe a case of symptomatic rifabutin-related uveitis with hypopyon and vitreous opacity in apatient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. CASE SUMMARY: A 33-year-old male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was referred to our clinic for abruptly decreased vision in his right eye. Multi-drug therapy with rifabutin was administered for 5 weeks to treat tuberculosis enteritis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Visual acuity of the right eye was hand motion and hypopyon as well as vitreous opacity was found in ocular examinations. Other serologic tests, anterior chamber paracentesis and lumbar puncture test were normal. Rifabutin was immediately stopped and topical steroid and cycloplegics were administered, which resulted in resolution of the hypopyon, vitreous opacity and visual acuity. Four weeks after the initial episode, rifabutin was restarted to treat the pulmonary tuberculosis and rifabutin-related uveitis relapsed in the opposite eye. CONCLUSIONS: Rifabutin-related uveitis should be considered in cases of uveitis in immunosuppressive patients, especially in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. Underlying disease and medication history should be carefully assessed.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Anterior Chamber ; Enteritis ; Eye ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mydriatics ; Paracentesis ; Rifabutin ; Serologic Tests ; Spinal Puncture ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Uveitis ; Vision, Ocular ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Esophageal cancer patients have a difficulty in the intake of meals through the blocked esophageal lumen, which is caused by an ingrowth of cancer cells and largely influences on the prognosis. It is reported that esophageal cancer has a very low survival rate due to the lack of nourishment and immunity as the result of this. In this study a new radioactive stent, which prevents tumor ingrowth and restenosis by additional radiation treatment, has been developed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using HANARO research reactor, the radioactive stent assembly (166Ho-SA) was prepared by covering the metallic stent with a radioactive sleeve by means of a post-irradiation and pre-irradiation methods. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy and autoradiography exhibited that the distribution of 165/166Ho (NO3) compounds in polyurethane matrix was homogeneous. A geometrical model of the esophagus considering its structural properties, was developed for the computer simulation of energy deposition to the esophageal wall. The dose distributions of 166Ho-stent were calculated by means of the EGS4 code system. The sources are considered to be distributed uniformly on the surface in the form of a cylinder with a diameter of 20 mm and length of 40 mm. As an animal experiment, when radioactive stent developed in this study was inserted into the esophagus of a Mongrel dog, tissue destruction and widening of the esophageal lumen were observed. CONCLUSION: We have developed a new radioactive stent comprising of a radioactive tubular sleeve covering the metallic stent, which emits homogeneous radiation. If it is inserted into the blocked or narrowed lumen, it can lead to local destruction of the tumor due to irradiation effect with dilatation resulting from self-expansion of the metallic property. Accordingly, it is expected that restenosis esophageal lumen by the continuous ingrowth and infiltration of cancer after insertion of our radioactive stent will be decreased remarkably.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Autoradiography ; Computer Simulation ; Dilatation ; Dogs ; Esophageal Neoplasms* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Meals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Polyurethanes ; Prognosis ; Stents ; Survival Rate