Regular hemodialysis has been established as a way of treatment for end stage renal failure. In adults, hemodialysis 5 hours each time, three times weekly with one square meter hemodialyzer is now widely accepted as a standard, and there are many reports on long term follow up studies. Quite a large difference are present, however, in our community mainly originated from patient's poor compliance in frequent dialysis with short interdialysis interval. The author analyzed 200 cases of chronic renal failure who have received hemodialysis treatments during the 5 year period from July 1976 to June 1981 at the hemodialysis unit of the hanyang University Hospital and the following results are obtained; 1. Actual one year survival rate was much higher in thrice(87.1%) than one(35.1%) or twice(54.1%) weekly dialysis. 2. Long term(more than 6 months) complications were also more frequent in once(85.7%) or twice(70.2%) weekly treatments than in thrice(22.2%). The predominant complications were congestive heart failure, pericarditis, and infections. 3. Those who recieved three times weekly dialysis had better rehabilitation grades than the patients groups of twice or once weekly treatment. 4. Of peridialysis distressful symptoms, nausea, vomiting dizziness were less frequent in the group three times a week dialysis. In contrast, headache, hypotension, muscle cramps, and weakness were not significantly related with frequency of hemodialysis. 5. Those who voided a large amount of urine output had better survival and less frequent requirement of blood transfusions. 6. Main causes of death were due to patient poor compliance, hyperkalemia and cerebrovascular acidents. 7. Economic problems were the major cause of dialysis interruption.
Adult ; Blood Transfusion ; Cause of Death ; Compliance ; Dialysis ; Dizziness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hypotension ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Kidneys, Artificial ; Muscle Cramp ; Nausea ; Pericarditis ; Rehabilitation ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Insufficiency ; Survival Rate ; Vomiting

The investigation of systolic time intervals and hemodynamics was performed in 42 patients with liver cirrhosis by noninvascive methods. The patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of anemia and/or ascites: i.e. group I; cirrhosis without anemia and ascites, group II; cirrhosis with ascites only, group III; cirrhosis with anemia only, and group IV; cirrhosis with ascites and anemia. In the resting state of the patients, the systolic time intervals and hemodynamic data were measured by the high speed simultaneous recordings of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, carotid and femoral arterial pulse tracings, and compared with those obtained from 155 normal adult subjects. 1. The pulse were increased considerably in group IV, and diastolic blood pressure was elevated in group II with significance. 2. The stroke volume and cardiac output were increased significantly in group III. 3. The peripheral resistance was reduced particularly in group III, and the volume elasticit coefficient was decreased in group IV. 4. The QS1 interval was prolonged significantly in group II and IV, but QS1 interval corrected by multiple regression equation proposed by our laboratory (illustrated in the text) did not show significant difference compared with that of normal subjects. 5. The left ventricular ejection time(LVET) and total electromechanical systole(QS 2) appeared to be shortened in group II and IV, but the corrected LVET and QS 2 were not different significantly from those of the normal subjects
Adult ; Anemia ; Ascites ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Electrocardiography ; Fibrosis ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Stroke Volume ; Systole ; Vascular Resistance

The investigation of systolic time intervals and hemodynamics was performed in 42 patients with liver cirrhosis by noninvascive methods. The patients were divided into four groups according to the presence or absence of anemia and/or ascites: i.e. group I; cirrhosis without anemia and ascites, group II; cirrhosis with ascites only, group III; cirrhosis with anemia only, and group IV; cirrhosis with ascites and anemia. In the resting state of the patients, the systolic time intervals and hemodynamic data were measured by the high speed simultaneous recordings of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, carotid and femoral arterial pulse tracings, and compared with those obtained from 155 normal adult subjects. 1. The pulse were increased considerably in group IV, and diastolic blood pressure was elevated in group II with significance. 2. The stroke volume and cardiac output were increased significantly in group III. 3. The peripheral resistance was reduced particularly in group III, and the volume elasticit coefficient was decreased in group IV. 4. The QS1 interval was prolonged significantly in group II and IV, but QS1 interval corrected by multiple regression equation proposed by our laboratory (illustrated in the text) did not show significant difference compared with that of normal subjects. 5. The left ventricular ejection time(LVET) and total electromechanical systole(QS 2) appeared to be shortened in group II and IV, but the corrected LVET and QS 2 were not different significantly from those of the normal subjects
Adult ; Anemia ; Ascites ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Electrocardiography ; Fibrosis ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Stroke Volume ; Systole ; Vascular Resistance

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare vertebral body height restoration rate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had undergone percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (KP) with that of control group who had matched age, sex, body mass index, and bone mineral density. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There is no report on result of KP in RA patients. METHODS: Postoperative height restoration rate of RA group consisting of 15 patients (18 vertebral bodies) who had undergone KP due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with a 30% or higher vertebral compression rate between May 2005 and January 2013 were compared to control group consisting of 38 patients (39 vertebral bodies) who had matched age, sex, body mass index, and bone mineral density. RESULTS: No statically significant difference in age (p=0.846), sex (p=0.366), body mass index (p=0.826), bone mineral density (p=0.349), time to surgery (p=0.528), polymethylmethacrylate injection time (p=0.298), or amount (p=0.830) was found between the RA group and the control group. However, preoperative compression rate in the RA group was significantly (p=0.025) higher compared to that in the control group. In addition, postoperative height restoration rate showed significant correlation with the RA group (p=0.008). Although higher incidence of recollapse occurred in the RA group compared to that in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.305). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the control group, RA patients showed higher compression rate and higher vertebral restoration rate after KP, indirectly indicating weaker bone quality in patients with RA. Higher incidence of recollapse occurred in the RA group compared to that in the control group, although it was not statistically significant.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty* ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Retrospective Studies

Glycopyrrolate(Robinul) is a potent anticholinergic drug. Being a quaternary ammonium compound, it dose not cross the blood-brain barrier and thus dose not have the central effects. It has been shown that glycopyrrolate has a pharmacologic properties similar to that of atropine, belladonna alkaloid, but it has lesser effect on the heart rate than that of atropine. The author administered a small dose of glycopyrrolate intravenously to 18 people who were awake, 21 compatous cases and 17 halothane anesthetized cases. The effect on the heart rate in these 3 groups was compared. The results are as follows: 1) In the awake state, glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced a slight decrease in the heart rate. 2) In the comatose state, glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced a slight increase in the heart rate. 3) In the halothane anesthetized state, glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced a significant increase in the heart rate. 4) In the comatose state, the absence of bradycardia after a small dose of glycopyrrolate is similar to a small dose of atropine. Therefore we suggest that bradycardia after glycopyrrolate and atropine is caused by sympathetic ganglion block.

Fibrous histiocytoma is a slow-growing mesenchymal tumor that most commonly occurs in soft tissue and retroperitoneum, with an occasional occurrence in the orbit. This mesenchymal tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of orbital mass in adults because this tumor is radioresistant and prone to recurrences and malignant potential if incompletely excised. So complete excision is the treatment of choice. A case report of a healthy 27-year-old woman with a gradually increasing, non tender superonasal mass and proptosis in the left orbit. She also developed diplopia. CT scan and MRI showed a well-marginated and encapsulated homo-geneous 2 x3 cmsized mass in the superonasal portion of the left orbit. The tumor was totally excised under the impression of carvenous hemangioma. In H-E stain, tumor cell revealed a marked cellularity, storiform arrangement of ovoid to spindle cells but there was little nuclear polymorphism, atypism and absent mitosis. Results of immunohistochemical study showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to alpha-1-ntitrypsin antibody but negative to S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, Neuron specific enolase. Masson-Trichrome stain showed positive. The final diagnosis of a benign fibrous histiocytoma invading the orbit was confirmed by histopathological examination. There was no recurrence for more than 14 months after complete surgical excision. We present the above case with a brief review of literature.
Actins ; Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitosis ; Muscle, Smooth ; Orbit* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Purpose: The antitumor activity and toxicity of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on bladder carcinomas induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) were investigated. Materials and Methods: Sixty 6 to 8-week-old female C3H2 mice were divided into three groups. Bladder carcinomas were induced by the addition of 0.05% BBN to the drinking water for 8 weeks. Group A received an intravesical instillation of 0.25ml KLH-free buffer, Group B received 0.5mg KLH in 0.1ml buffer subcutaneously and Group C received an intravesical instillation of 2mug KLH in 0.25ml buffer twice weekly for 8 weeks (day 15 to day 70). On day 91, all the animals were sacrificed. The tumor incidence, bladder weight and toxicity were evaluated. Results: The incidences of cancer in groups A, B and C were 80, 40 and 60%, respectively. The incidence of cancer was significantly reduced in group B compared to group A (p<0.05). The average bladder weights were 93.63+/-17.746, 71.5+/-7.540 and 77.5+/-9.530mg in groups A, B and C, respectively. The bladder weights in groups B and C were significantly reduced compared to group A (p<0.05). There was no liver, kidney or bone marrow toxicities in groups B and C. Conclusions: These results suggest that KLH act as an effective and safe immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer. Prospective randomized clinical trials should be used to evaluate the role of KLH as an immunotherapeutic agent in the prophylaxis of recurrent bladder cancer.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Drinking Water ; Female ; Hemocyanin* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Weights and Measures

Of 14,682 samples of feces examined, 81.7% were positive for intestinal helminths. Trichocephalus trichiurus was observed most frequently, in 73.2%. Eight other species of helminths found were Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, Trichostrongylus orientalis, Clonorchis sinensis, Tapeworm, Hymenolepis nana, Paragoniumus westermani and Enterobius vermicularis, listed in decreasing order. Double infections were found more frequently than single infections, and mixed infection of five or more species of helminths occurred in 0.2% Of 10,320 samples of feces examined, 22.3% were positive for intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba coli was observed most frequently, in 11.1%. Six other species, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnill and lsospora hominis were found, in the order. It was noticed that E. histolytica was found more frequently in trichurial infection than with other helminths. Of 1,050 samples of sputum from the T. B. Clinic, 7.0% were positive for paragonimus eggs. Trichomonas vaginalis were found in 35.8%of 1,146 vaginal swabs examined. Seven cases of Plasmodium vivax infection were found among 140 suspected blood smears.
Incidence

The Mayer-Rokitansky-K ster-Hauser syndrome represents a spectrum of m llerian anomalies, including vaginal agenesis with or without renal anomalies, in genotypically and phenotypically normal female subjects with normal endocrine status. We experienced a case of this anomaly which combined with unilateral renal agenesis and pelvic cystic mass in child.
Child* ; Female ; Humans

Glycopyrrolate and propantheline, being synthetic quaternary ammonium compounds that cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, will not have the vagal center stimulation. The author administered each small dose of glycopyrrolate and propantenline intravenously to normal human volunteers, and compared its effect on the heart rate. The result were as follows. 1) Glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced a slight decrease on the heart rate. 2) Propantheline (0.5mg) produced no detectable change on the heart rate. 3) Glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) 10min. after pretreatment with propantheline(0.5mg) produced a significant increase on the heart rate. 4) Propantheline(0.5mg) 10 minutes after pretreatment with glycopyrrolate(0.1mg) produced more significant increase on the heart rate than glycopyrrolate after propantheline. 5) From the above results, it is suggested that the depressive effect of sympathetic ganglion by propantheline may be less than by glycopyrrolate.
Blood-Brain Barrier ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Glycopyrrolate* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Propantheline* ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds