No abstract available.
Reference Values*

No abstract available.
Cytogenetics* ; Down Syndrome* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) phosphorylates the prodrug ganciclovir to a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis, causing cell death. Neighbouring nontransfected cells may be affected through a 'bystander effect', thereby amplifying the antiproliferative actions. This study was carried out to determine whether retrovirus-mediated HSVtk gene therapy could reduce intimal hyperplasia and prevent stenosis following balloon injury of the rat carotid artery. METHODS: A replication-defective recombinant retroviral vector containing HSVtk cDNA (LtkSN) was constructed. Cultured primary rat smooth muscle cells (SMCs) infected with this vector (SMC/LtkSN) were transplanted to the balloon injured rat right carotid artery. One week after transplantation, HSVtk gene therapy group was administered a 2-week treatment of ganciclovir (30 mg/kg/d). Three weeks after balloon injury and SMC/LtkSN transplantation, carotid arteriography was performed and carotid arteries were perfusion-fixed for histologic examination. RESULTS: Carotid arteriographic evaluation comparing with the uninjured left carotid artery showed that the mean luminal diameter of HSVtk gene therapy group (n=5, 85+/-3%) was significantly larger than that of balloon injury only group (n=5, 65+/-5%). The neointimal mass of HSVtk gene therapy group was less than that of balloon injury only group. SMC/LtkSN transplantation without ganciclovir treatment group (n=3) showed asymmetric intimal proliferation probably because of gravitational pooling of seeding. There were inflammatory cell infiltrations at the gravity dependent portion of HSVtk gene therapy group. CONCLUSION: Retrovirus-mediated HSVtk gene therapy following balloon injury of the rat carotid artery reduced neointimal expansion and arteriographic stenosis.
Angiography ; Animals ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery Injuries* ; Cell Death ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; DNA ; DNA, Complementary ; Ganciclovir ; Genetic Therapy* ; Gravitation ; Herpes Simplex* ; Hyperplasia ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Phenobarbital ; Phosphotransferases* ; Rats* ; Simplexvirus* ; Thymidine Kinase ; Zidovudine

No abstract available.
Erythrocytes*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Neck*

Total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured in sera of 40 cases of hypertension, 22 cases of myocardial infarction, 14 cases of cerebral thrombosis, 18 cases of subarachnoidal hemorrhage and 30 cases of normal control in Chungnam national University Hospital from October 1980 to September 1981, and the results are as follows; 1) The mean serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in normal control group are 153.57+/-40.60mg% and 150.82+/-51.76mg%. 2) The age incidence of these diseases were highest in 6th decade. 3) Serum cholesterol levels of myocardial infarction, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis and subarachinoidal hemorrhage group were higher than that of normal control group. 4) Serum triglyceride levels of acute myocardial infarction and hypertension were significantly higher than that of normal control group, but there is only slightly increases in cerebral thrombosis and subarachinoidal hemorrhage. 5) In general, serum lipid levels are higher in cardiovascular diseases(hypertension and myocardial infarction) than cerebrovascular diseases(cerebral thrombosis and subarachnoidal hemorrhage). 6) Serum Cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased by administration of pancreatic mucopolysacharide for 1 or 2 months. In conclusion, it seems that high serum cholesterol and triglyceride level may play and important risk factor in development of hypertension and myocardial infarction.
Cholesterol ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Hemorrhage ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Risk Factors ; Thrombosis ; Triglycerides

The main objectives of the surgical treatment of intrahepatic stones are complete removal of the stones and correction of biliary stasis and strictures. Hepatic resection is expected to yield a most satisfactory treatment result by eradicating the stones and the strictured bile duct as well. To evaluate the effectiveness and the risk of hepatic resection, we reviewed 149 patients who underwent hepatic resection due to intrahepatic stones over a fourteen-year period and who were followed up. There were 48 males and 101 females, and ages ranged from 20 to 70 years. The stones were located in the left lobe in 96 patients, the right lobe in 13 patients, and both lobes in 40 patients. The operative procedures executed in the patients were 96 lateral segmentectomies, 33 left lobectomies, 14 right lobectomies, one extended right lobectomy, and five partial resections. Biliary drainage procedures were added in 40 patients. Postoperatively, retained stones were found in 24.2% of the patients which was lowered to 10.7% at the time of discharge with assistance of radiologic interventions. During follow-up over a mean period of 63 months, 93.2% of the patients showed good rehabilitation, and recurrent stones had developed in 5 patients (3.5%). Operative complications were biliay fistula in 10 patients, intra-abdominal abscess in seven patients, hepatic failure in two patients, and postoperative bleeding in one patient, and the overall operative mortality rate was 2.0%. We conclude that hepatic resection is a safe and satisfactory treatment option for patients with intrahepatic stones.
Abdominal Abscess ; Bile Ducts ; Cholestasis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Drainage ; Female ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; Male ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mortality ; Rehabilitation ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

We report a very rare case of trichilemmal carcinoma (TLC) involving the upper eyelid. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of trichilemmal carcinoma of the upper eyelid in Korea. A 51-year-old man presented to our hospital complaining of a bloody discharge from his left upper eyelid. He had a soft and lobulated mass on the palpebral conjunctiva. An incisional biopsy revealed trabecular growth of tumor cells with clear cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, frequent mitoses, and foci of trichilemmal keratinization. Immunohistochemically, the lesion was positive for p53 and negative for CD 34. A diagnosis of TLC was made, and total excision of the mass and reconstruction of the eyelid were performed. Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare malignant tumor, though it appears to be an indolent neoplasm with no metastatic potential. The treatment of choice for trichilemmal carcinoma of the eyelid is complete excision with tumor-free margins due to the locally invasive nature of the lesion.
Carcinoma, Skin Appendage/*pathology/surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Eyelid Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Hair ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mohs Surgery ; Skin Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery

BACKGROUND: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by a severe disturbance of memory, lasting less than a day, and complete resolution. However, some authors have suggested the occurrence of permanent memory impairment in such cases. In this study, we investigated whether the gray-matter structure suffers degeneration in TGA, based on the assumption that TGA attacks appear to be related to underlying permanent pathology. METHODS: T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data for 20 TGA and 55 normal subjects were analyzed. The gray-matter volume was measured using voxel-based morphometry. The subjects also completed the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB). RESULTS: The gray-matter volume was reduced in the left superior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, left caudate nucleus, left precentral gyrus, left post central gyrus, and both putamens. The SNSB revealed the presence of selective neuropsychological dysfunctions after clinical recovery. Most of the cases exhibited attention deficit, and difficulties in copying of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure, and in the Seoul verbal learning test. CONCLUSIONS: Left caudate nucleus atrophy could explain the attention deficit and memory impairment experienced in these TGA patients. Many patients with TGA have neuropsychological dysfunctions even after they appear to be clinically improved.
Amnesia, Transient Global ; Atrophy ; Caudate Nucleus ; Coat Protein Complex I ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Putamen ; Verbal Learning

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with mild clinical symptoms at a single hospital in South Korea. Materials and Methods: CT scans of 87 COVID-19 patients [43 men and 44 women; median age:41 years (interquartile range: 26.1–51.0 years)] with mild clinical symptoms (fever < 38℃ and no dyspnea) were evaluated. Results: CT findings were normal in 39 (44.8%) and abnormal in 48 (55.2%) patients. Among the 48 patients with lung opacities, 17 (35.4%) had unilateral disease and 31 (64.6%) had bilateral disease. One (2.1%) patient showed subpleural distribution, 9 (18.8%) showed peribronchovascular distribution, and 38 (79.2%) showed subpleural and peribronchovascular distributions.Twenty-two (45.8%) patients had pure ground-glass opacities (GGOs) with no consolidation, 17 (35.4%) had mixed opacities dominated by GGOs, and 9 (18.8%) had mixed opacities dominated by consolidation. No patients demonstrated consolidation without GGOs. Conclusion The most common CT finding of COVID-19 in patients with mild clinical symptoms was bilateral multiple GGO-dominant lesions with subpleural and peribronchovascular distribution and lower lung predilection. The initial chest CT of almost half of COVID-19 patients with mild clinical symptoms showed no lung parenchymal lesions. Compared to relatively severe cases, mild cases were more likely to manifest as unilateral disease with pure GGOs or GGOdominant mixed opacities and less likely to show air bronchogram.