Various complications of central venous catheterization have been reported, some of which are well-known, while others are described as a sporadic events. We experienced a case of left subclavian venous catheterization complicated by extravascular knotting, kinking, and entrapment of the guidewire and the guidewire was removed surgically. Although minimal resistance was encountered during guidewire insertion, the guidewire was advanced approximately 30 cm. Physicians should be aware of these rare potential complications when a guidewire is advanced if any resistance is encountered.
Catheterization ; Catheterization, Central Venous ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters

BACKGROUND: Sparganosis is a larval cestodiasis caused by the plerocercoid of Spirometra spp. Since the first description of human sparganosis in 1924, several hundred cases have been reported in Korea. However, systematic approaches for literature surveys of Korean sparganosis have seldom appeared. METHODS: We searched publicly available databases such as PubMed, Research Information Sharing Service, and Korea Medical Citation Index with relevant Medical Subject Headings. RESULTS: At least 438 Korean sparganosis cases have been described from 1924 to 2015. Preoperative diagnosis has been significantly increased since the 1980s due to popularization of serological and imaging diagnostics. Cases were largely detected from fifth decades in general, but cerebral sparganosis was detected in relatively young age groups (third and fourth decades). Sparganosis was prevalent in men (75.9%). Consumption of frog/snake and drinking unfiltered water were found in 63.4% and 16.9% of patients, respectively. Most frequently affected sites were subcutaneous tissues (49.9%), followed by the central nervous system (36.2%). Involvements of visceral organs (7.6%), ocular regions (3.6%), and muscles (2.7%) were noticed. In women, breast sparganosis constituted a large proportion (34.2%). Sparganosis associated with immunocompromised patients has recently been reported. CONCLUSION: Sparganosis has been continuously reported in Korea during the past 90 years, although its incidence has decreased during the last 20 years. The disease is mostly characterized by subcutaneous nodule, but infection of the worm in vital organs often results in serious illness. Continuous awareness is warranted to monitor sparganosis occurrence and associated clinical consequences.
Breast ; Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans* ; Immunocompromised Host ; Incidence ; Information Dissemination ; Korea* ; Male ; Medical Subject Headings ; Muscles ; Sparganosis* ; Sparganum ; Spirometra ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Water

PURPOSE: The internet is a vast resource for consumers. The internet is a decentralized, global medium, so quality management of health information is difficult for the lay person. Basic Life Support (BLS) is basic information provided for the lay person in the province of emergency medicine. The writers searched for BLS information on Korean and Japanese Web sites and assessed the quality of that information. METHODS: We used the search engine 'Yahoo! Korea' in Korea and 'Yahoo! Japan' in Japan. The search references were 'Basic Life Support' and 'Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)'. The assessment was based on three 'Credibility' and seven 'Content' factors. 'Credibility' factors composed of 'Source', 'Context' and 'Currency'. 'Content' factors composed of six factors of accuracy of six course of BLS and one factor of 'Original Source Stated'. We make our own criteria for each factors. And, If the web site fitted the criteria, we give 1 point, if not, give 0point. So, 'Credibility' factors point is 3 points full mark and 'Content' factors point is 7 points full mark. RESULTS: Eight Korean and fifteen Japanese sites were found as a result of the search. No difference in 'Credibility' factors existed between the two nations' web sites. There was, however, a statistical difference in the 'Content' factors between the two nations' web site. The mean of 'Content' factors points is 3.75 and 5.06 in 7 points full mark, Korean web site and Japanese web site respectively. CONCLUSION: Improvement in the quality of BLS on internet web sites is needed, especially BLS on 'Recovery position', 'Assessment of circulation', and 'Cardiac comp ression'.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Emergency Medicine ; Humans ; Internet* ; Japan* ; Korea* ; Resuscitation ; Search Engine

PURPOSE: This study examined the outcomes of closed reduction and fixation of the coracoid process fracture using a suture anchor in a patient with combined acromioclavicular dislocation for which the coraco-clavicular ligament was intact. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 26 year-old male patient with a coracoid process fracture that was associated with a type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation was operated on with anchor suture fixation. This is the first trial of this operative procedure. RESULTS: At the postoperative follow-up at 3 months, complete union of the coracoid process fracture was seen. The shoulder had a full range of motion and the shoulder function was normal. CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and fixation using one suture anchor for treating coracoid process fracture is a safe, effective procedure.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Dislocations ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder ; Suture Anchors ; Sutures

Hemorrhage into a pancreatic pseudocyst is a rare, but increasingly recognized as a cause of massive gastrointestial bleeding. Bleeding pseudocysts may rupture into the stomach, duodenum, common bile duct, and splenic vein, or can be decompressed via the duct of Wirsung. Also it will result in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. This represents a life-threatening and frequently unrecognized complication of pancreatic disease. Proper diagnostic workup and prompt surgical management afford the patient the best chance for survival. We report a patient with pseudocyst bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract via the duct of Wirsung and discuss the current diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
Common Bile Duct ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pancreatic Diseases ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Pseudocyst* ; Rupture ; Splenic Vein ; Stomach

Double primary cancer of the stomach and esophagus has been revealed a very low incidence in the world except Japan and reported only 6 cases in Korea. Furthermore, it is difficult to manage this type of double cancer because esophageal cancer has a biologic tendency to early metastasis. This paper is concerned with a case of double primary cancer, which we have synchroniously confi~rmed esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric adenocarcinoma with gastrofiberscopic biopsy, and then treated them by radical resec tion and systemic chemotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Drug Therapy* ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Esophagus ; Incidence ; Japan ; Korea ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of a stent coated with abciximab and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 10 pigs were randomized into two groups (10 pigs, 10 coronaries in each group) in which the coronary arteries were stented with a dual-coated stent and a bare metal stent (control) by randomization. Stents were deployed with oversizing (stent/artery ratio 1.3 : 1) in the porcine coronary arteries, and histopathology was assessed 28 days after stenting. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the injury score between the two groups. In the neointima, the lymphohistiocyte count was significantly lower in dual-coat stent group compared with the control stent group (120+/-85 cells vs. 159+/-80 cells, p=0.048). There was no significant difference in the fibrin score between the two groups (0.16+/-0.34 in the dual-coated stent group vs. 0.25+/-0.48 in the control stent group, p=0.446). The neointima area was not significantly different between both groups (1.55+/-0.8 mm2 in dual-coated stent group vs. 1.40+/-0.86 mm2 in the control stent group, p=0.447). CONCLUSION: Although the dual-coated stent with abciximab and ALA showed no significant difference in inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia when compared with the bare metal stent, it was associated with a reduced inflammatory reaction when compared with the control stent in a porcine coronary restenosis model.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antioxidants ; Coronary Restenosis ; Coronary Vessels ; Drug-Eluting Stents ; Fibrin ; Hyperplasia ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments ; Neointima ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; Random Allocation ; Stents ; Swine ; Thioctic Acid

Oxidative stress-induced cell death leads to phosphorylation of 14-3-3zeta at serine 58. 14-3-3zeta is detected at significant levels in cerebrospinal fluid after kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. Here we examined temporal changes in 14-3-3zeta phosphorylation in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice after KA treatment. Mice were killed at 2, 6, 24, or 48 h after KA (30 mg/kg) injection. We observed an increase in TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB)-stained neurons in the hippocampus and amygdala of KA-treated mice. Phospho (p)-14-3-3zeta and p-JNK expression was increased in the hippocampus 2 and 6 h after KA treatment, respectively. In immunohistochemical analysis, p-14-3-3zeta-positive cells were present in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) of KA-treated mice. Thus, phosphorylation of 14-3-3zeta at serine 58 may play an important role in KA-induced hippocampal and amygdaloid neuronal damage.
Amygdala ; Animals ; Cell Death ; Fluoresceins ; Hippocampus ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Kainic Acid ; Mice ; Neurons ; Phosphorylation ; Seizures ; Serine

Candida albicans exhibits the ability to grow in either a yeast or a mycelia form in response to different environmental factors. The mycelia form, found in infected tissues, is important as a virulence factor in the adherence of the organism to the host epithelium. In vitro, the morphological transition can be induced by environmental shifts in the growing conditions, or by a variety of exogenous factors, including ambient pH, nutritional status and temperature. The differential-display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) is a powerful technique for comparing gene expression between cell types, stages of development or differentiation. Hyphae related genes were identified and characterized using a PCR-based differential display. Candida albicans formed a germ tube when cultured in rabbit serum, RPMI 1640 medium or 39degrees C-YPD medium. We gained 21 cDNA bands showing a different expression pattern from that of the uninduced culture. DNA was extracted from the same location of the isolated bands, and PCR was performed under the same conditions, which reamplified the PCR product, showing the specific expression patterns according to the culture conditions. We cloned 18 germ tube-related cDNA clones (inserts average size is 80 - 700 bp) and sequenced them. The nucleotide sequences of the 18 clones were identified through in the present study from GenBank, and were found to have the accession number (AF405213-AF405230). We could not find any nucleotide sequence having a high homology with these clones. This study could form a part of the projects in the search for genes related to the germ tube formation of C. albicans.
Animals ; Base Sequence/genetics ; Candida albicans/genetics/*physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rabbits ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

It is well known that chronic ethanol treatment affects the synthesis of RNA and protein in the brain and the maintenance and function of nervous system. The changes in myelination-related genes are most prominent in human alcoholics. Previously, our cDNA microarray study showed altered Proteolipid protein (PLP), a major protein of central myelin. The present study aimed to gain more understanding of the expression of PLP after chronic ethanol treatment. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were daily treated with ethanol (15% in saline, 3 g/kg, i.p.) or saline for 14 days. Messenger RNAs from hippocampus of each group were subjected to cDNA expression array hybridization to determine the differential gene expressions. Among many ethanol responsive genes, PLP was negatively regulated by ethanol treatment, which is one of the most abundant proteins in the CNS and has an important role in the stabilization of myelin sheath. Using northern blot and immunohistochemical analysis, we showed the change in expression level of PLP mRNA and protein after ethanol treatment. PLP mRNA and protein were decreased in hippocampus of rat with chronic ethanol exposure, suggesting that ethanol may affect the stabilization of myelin sheath through the modulation of PLP expression and induce the pathophysiology of alcoholic brain.
Alcoholics ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Brain ; Chimera ; DNA, Complementary ; Ethanol ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein ; Myelin Sheath ; Nervous System ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Proteins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger