Traumatic dislocation of the knee joint occurs very infrequently, but is one of the true emergencies in the orthopedic field. It is a serious injury, associated with extensive soft tissue demage and the danger of neurological and vascular involvement. There is a lot of theories about the mechanism of injury, the treatment and the incidence of complications. Generally they accept that in irreducible cases operative reduction is essential, but there is no uniformity of opinion on the treatment of the uncomplicated cases. This paper is based on 7 traumatic knee dislocations treated at Kang Nam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym College during the period from January 1980 till December 1984. The results of the study are as follows: 1. The patients are mostly injured due to the traffic accident and show even age distribution from twenties to fifties. 2. 5 cases out of 7, reduced at our hospital, were all anteriorly dislocated. 3. The posterior capsule and the posterior cruciate ligament were injured in all cases. 4. There were no significant differences between primary repair of soft tissues and the late reconstruction.
Accidents, Traffic ; Age Distribution ; Clinical Study ; Clothing ; Dislocations ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Dislocation ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Orthopedics ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

No abstract available.
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Iron*

Thirty cases of segmental tibial fracture were treated during the period from January, 1980 to January, 1987. The following results were obtained. 1. Type I, high middle segment, was most common(16 cases, 52%). 2. High incidence of open fracture(22 cases, 71%). 3. Closed fractures were internally fixated whereas open ones, externally. 4. Higher union rates in intramedullary nailing. 5. External fixators, such as Monofixateur, were effective in severe open fractures.
Clinical Study ; External Fixators ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fractures, Closed ; Fractures, Open ; Incidence ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

A pathological fracture occurs spontaneously or with minimal trauma. The underlying pathological changes may be subtle and the diagnosis not obvious. The two goals in the treatment of pathologic fracture in weight bearing long bones are to provide relief of pain by secure fixation of the fracture and to permit early smbulation and a prompt return to prefracture status. Thirteen cases of pathological fracture were treated during the period from June, 1986 to February, 1988 at Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital. The results are as follows. 1. Most patients were over 45 of age. 2. Malignancy was the common cause. 3. Most frequent involved site was femur. 4. Occured by trivial trauma such as slip down injury. 5. Satisfactory result by curettage, open reduction and internal fixation, bone graft or bone cement augmentation.
Clinical Study ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Femur ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Heart ; Humans ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing

Injection lipolysis or mesotherapy gained popularity for local fat dissolve as an alternative to surgical liposuction. Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and aminophylline (AMPL) are commonly used compounds for mesotherapy, but their efficacy and safety as lipolytic agents have been controversial. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) is a choline precursor structurally similar to PPC, and thus introduced in aesthetics as an alternative for PPC. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GPC on adipocytes differentiation and lipolysis and compared those effects with PPC and AMPL using in vitro and in vivo models. Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 was measured by Oil Red O staining. Lipolysis was assessed by measuring the amount of glycerol released in the culture media. To evaluate the lipolytic activity of GPC on a physiological condition, GPC was subcutaneously injected to one side of inguinal fat pads for 3 days. Lipolytic activity of GPC was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining in adipose tissue. GPC significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 in a concentration-dependent manner (22.3% inhibition at 4 mM of GPC compared to control). Moreover, when lipolysis was assessed by glycerol release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 6 mM of GPC stimulated glycerol release by two-fold over control. Subcutaneous injection of GPC into the inguinal fat pad of mice significantly reduced the mass of fat pad and the size of adipocytes of injected site, and these effects of GPC were more prominent over PPC and AMPL. Taken together, these results suggest that GPC is the potential therapeutic agent as a local fat reducer.

Injection lipolysis or mesotherapy gained popularity for local fat dissolve as an alternative to surgical liposuction. Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and aminophylline (AMPL) are commonly used compounds for mesotherapy, but their efficacy and safety as lipolytic agents have been controversial. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) is a choline precursor structurally similar to PPC, and thus introduced in aesthetics as an alternative for PPC. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GPC on adipocytes differentiation and lipolysis and compared those effects with PPC and AMPL using in vitro and in vivo models. Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 was measured by Oil Red O staining. Lipolysis was assessed by measuring the amount of glycerol released in the culture media. To evaluate the lipolytic activity of GPC on a physiological condition, GPC was subcutaneously injected to one side of inguinal fat pads for 3 days. Lipolytic activity of GPC was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining in adipose tissue. GPC significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 in a concentration-dependent manner (22.3% inhibition at 4 mM of GPC compared to control). Moreover, when lipolysis was assessed by glycerol release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 6 mM of GPC stimulated glycerol release by two-fold over control. Subcutaneous injection of GPC into the inguinal fat pad of mice significantly reduced the mass of fat pad and the size of adipocytes of injected site, and these effects of GPC were more prominent over PPC and AMPL. Taken together, these results suggest that GPC is the potential therapeutic agent as a local fat reducer.

PURPOSE: The incidences of four main vascular risk factors (VRFs) - diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, hyperlipidemia (HLP), and obesity were investigated in men aged over 40 years with or without erectile dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 943 patients with erectile dysfunction (mean age 55.0 years; range 40-73 years) and 242 normal men (mean age 50.6; range 40-71 years). Blood levels of various lipid fractions (triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein), body weight, and height were measured in all subjects. Abnormal VRFs were defined as follows: hypertension = >160 mmHg (systolic pressure) or 95 mmHg (diastoic pressure), hyperlipidemia = at least one abnormal fraction (triglycerides > 160 mg/dl, total cholesterol >250 mg/dl, LDL >150 mg/dl), and obesity = >120% of ideal body weight. The presence or absence of DM, hypertension, smoking, and erectile dysfunction was determined by a self-reported subject questionnaire and history. RESULTS: The incidence of abnormal LDL was significantly (p<0.05) higher in patients than the control men. The incidences of HLP, DM, and hypertension were significantly (all p<0.05) higher in the patients 40 to 59 years of age than in the control men of corresponding ages, but differences in the incidences of smoking and obesity were not statistically significant. Abnormal VRFs were significantly (all p<0.01) more common in patients aged 40 to 59 years than in the control men of the same ages. In men over 60 years of age, there were no differences between the patients and control subjects in number of VRFs or the incidences of HLP, DM, and hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Especially in men 40 to 59 years of age, DM, HLP, and hypertension were significantly correlated with erectile dysfunction. The aging process, rather than such specific risk factors, might be a main cause of erectile dysfunction in men aged over 60 years.
Aging ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Ideal Body Weight ; Incidence* ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Obesity ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking

Since Dongboo City Hospital cares patients with medicaid and poor socio-economic status in large percentage, we analized all the newborns delivered at the hospital from 1984 to 1992 by their birth weights, gender, gestational age and their Medical Care System. We found our babies?mean birth weight was lower than National standard mean birth weight of 1975 and 1985 (published by KPA) and also lower than other reported studies. But the fact than mean birth weight has been increasing since 1990 is encouraging.
Birth Weight* ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, Urban* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Medicaid ; Parturition*

PURPOSE: The role of graduate medical education(GME) has become more important at the flood of knowledge and technical development. The korean board system in general surgery has a short history and has been developed mostly by the executive authorities rather than by autonomous civil organizations which is the case in america and europe. The aim and curriculum of our residency education is not yet well established, so that there requires the need to evaluate and analyze the training system of other well-established countries. METHODS: The structures of residency education and their characteristics in U.S.A., England and Germany were reviewed from the literatures and internet sites in terms of aims and objects of learning during the training period. The korean system was compared to these characteristics. RESULTS: Comparing the residency training programmes of U.S.A., Germany and England to our system there found some characteristic points as following that would be recommendable to be adopted for the renewal of our training programme. 1) Autonomous civil organizations endeavor for the regulations of educational goal, requirements and their accreditation. 2) The understanding of basic sciences that provide the fundamental principles of surgery was emphasized during the education. 3) Modern surgical techniques as a part of minimal invasive surgery can be easily acquired during the training course. 4) Participation in emergency medicine and intensive medicine was almost mandatory. 5) Interdisciplinary training and effective rotation schedule were highly recommended. All these characteristics could be actively integrated into our education, if we elaborate more well-established educational goal and curriculum for the residentship.
Accreditation ; Americas ; Appointments and Schedules ; Curriculum ; Education* ; Emergency Medicine ; England ; Europe ; Germany ; Internet ; Internship and Residency* ; Learning ; Social Control, Formal

We investigated normal response of bithermal caloric stimulation after repeated monothermal caloric stimulation. 12 subjects were selected for cold(30degreesC) water stimulation. 8 subjects were stimulated by warm(44degreesC) water. After the bithermal caloric test, caloric stimuli(cold or warm) was repeated 5 times on both ear with a 10 minute time interval and the next bithermal caloric test was performed. Monothermal caloric stimuli was done at the same temperature as the previous test a day later. The bithermal caloric test was repeated after 4 days. We checked the maximum slow phase eye velocity(SPEV) and calculated the canal paresis and directional preponderance. The SEPV was changed from 26.4(+/-10.9) degrees/sec to 26.7(+/-20.5) degrees/sec in repeated warm stimulation; from 25.0(+/-11.4) degrees/sec to 27.3(+/-11.1) degrees/sec in cold stimulation. Canal paresis was changed from 12.4(+/-8.7)% to 6.3(+/-5.1)% in repeated warm water stimulation; from 9.6(+/-9.9)% to 6.9(+/-3.1)% in cold stimuli. Directional preponderance was changed from 11.9(+/-6.9)% to 8.7(+/-9.9)% in warm stimuli; from 11.5(+/-7.6)% to 10.6(+/-5.5)% in cold stimuli. There was no significant change of caloric response after repeated monothermal caloric stimulation.
Caloric Tests ; Ear ; Paresis ; Water