No abstract available.
Anus Neoplasms* ; DNA* ; Ploidies*

No abstract available.
Anus Neoplasms* ; DNA* ; Ploidies*

No abstract available.
Blood Cells* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

BACKGROUND: Pacing-induced atrial electrical remodeling (AER) is characterized by shortening of atrial effective refractory period (A-ERP) and its altered rate adaptation. In paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), periods of AF occur with interveneing normal sinus rhythm (NSR) when atria recover from the preceding AER. Previous episodes of AF may precondition the atrial myocardium and cause different time course of AER in subsequent episodes of AF. But the influence of the preceding AER on the subsequent AER has not been described. METHODS: Four mongrel dogs were anesthetized with enflurane. After thoracotomy, silicon band with 3 pairs of electrodes was sutured to the lateral wall of the left atrium. Atrial pacing was performed after 2 wks of recovery and autonomic blockade. Pacing protocol consisted of rapid atrial pacing (RAP) at 500 bpm (for 60 min) and recovery in NSR (for 60 min) which was repeated three times. A-ERP was measured every 10 min. The same pacing protocol was repeated after pretreatment with verapamil (0.1 mg/kg/hr). RESULTS: 1) With 60 min of RAP, A-ERP decreased significantly (126+/-6 ms vs. 105+/-7 ms, p<0.005). 2) After cessation of pacing, A-ERP returned to 98% of baseline value in 15 minutes. Recovery from AER occurred faster than AER (78 vs 21 ms/h). 3) After pretreatment with verapamil, RAP decreased A-ERP from 127+/-5 ms to 116+/-5 ms. AER, the reduction in A-ERP, was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with verapamil (deltaERp=17+/-7 vs. 9+/-0.2 %, p<0.05). 4) When RAPs were repeated, AER showed a tendency of acceleration, but it was not statistically significant (deltaERp=22 ms, 24 ms, 28 ms at the end of 60 min pacing for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd pacing). CONCLUSION: RAP induced AER in conscious dog atria and it was reduced by pretreatment with calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil. Upon repeated atrial stimulations, AER did not accelerate or decelerate when the atria recovered from the preceding AER.
Acceleration ; Animals ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Atrial Remodeling* ; Calcium ; Calcium Channels ; Dogs* ; Electrodes ; Enflurane ; Heart Atria ; Myocardium ; Silicones ; Thoracotomy ; Verapamil

Endotracheal intubation is the most useful and safe method to keep airway in general anesthesia. But there are many problems such as severe cardiovascular changes, difficult intubation, larygospasm and tracheal stenosis in using laryngoscope and tracheal intubation. Laryngeal mask airway(LMA) is new method to keep airway and has many advantages such as easy insertion, decreasing cardiovascular changes, insertion without muscle relaxant, decreasing damage of pharynx and laynx and useful in difficult intubation. Cinical study of LMA No. 2 was done in 30 children weighted between 8.9-26 kg, about cardiovascular changes, volume and pressure changes of inflaton cuff, problems and complications during insertion and maintaining of LMA. The result, were follows I) The average time taken to insert the LMA was 7.4+/-3.3 second and 12 case were correct placement at the second attempt to use laryngoscope. 2) The volume of inflation cuff without air leak during positive pressure ventilation with 15cmH2O of peak airway pressure was 7.9+/-0.5ml and inflation cuff pressure at insertion was 40.1+/-15.9 mmHg and increased(p<0.05) continously. 3) Mean arterial pressure was increased(p<0.05) compared with preinduction value and normalize within a minute. Heart rate was incresed(p<0.05) compared with preinduction value and increase was sustained. 4) There were no complications except 1 case of gastric disteesion.
Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Child* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Inflation, Economic ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Laryngoscopes ; Pharynx ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Tracheal Stenosis

Cardio-pulmonary responses to a given step-up exercise test were studied in 43 patients who previously received various thoracic operations such as pleural decortication, one or two segmental resections, right or left upper lobectomy, plombage or pneumonectomy. Fourteen control subjects were also studied for comparison. Following a 30 minute rest, the step-up exercise was performed to heights of 20, 30 and 40cm, in that order, for 8 to 10 min. at each height. During the rest and the steady-state exercise period, the expired gas was collected for a period of 5 minutes for the determinations of the minute volume, the O2 consumption and the CO2 Output. Alveolar gas samples were a1so taken following the expired gas collection. The heart rate and blood pressure were also checked during the rest and immediately after each exercise. Various cardio-pulmonary functions of the patient at rest were little different from those of the control, except the heart rate which tended to be higher in the patient than in the control. Although the work capacity of the patient was lower than in the control, most patients were able to complete the required exercise test. However, in carrying out a given exercise load, the patient groups had a greater minute volume, the respiratory rate, the O2 consumption and the CO2 output as compared to the control, indicating that the mechanical efficiency is considerably lowered in the patient. Of various patient groups, the work performance was most limited in the pneumonectomy group while the group with one or two segmental resections was little affected. It is suggested that the patient with one or two segmental resections may be allowed to engage in physical activity up to 700 kg-m/min or more while those with pneumonectomy should not exert themselves above 500 k-gm/min.
Adult ; *Exercise Test ; *Heart Function Tests ; Human ; Male ; Pleura/*surgery ; *Pneumonectomy ; *Respiratory Function Tests

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute* ; Skin*

BACKGROUND: We studied the accuracy, lateralization criteria of Wada test in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE). We also evaluated material specific memory and determined the stimulus which can classify best between right and left TLE among four different types of stimuli. METHODS: We examined Wada memory performance in 33 patients(15 left, 18 right) with TLE who underwent surgery and who were good seizure outcome at least 1 year follow-up. Twelve stimuli consited of figures, written words, geometric designs and real objects were presented after Amytal injection. The recognition memory test was performed at 10 minutes after the injection and hemisphere memory performance of each stimulus and total stimuli were obtained by(number of stimuli recognized / number of stimuli presented x 100%). Classification rate, best stimulus for lateralization, and suitable lateralization criteria were determined by discriminant analysis and Chi-square test. Hemispheric memory difference of each stimulus was analyzed by paired-sample Student's t-test in left temporal lobectomy(LTL) and right temporal lobectomy(RTL) groups. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in pre-Wada memory score and in IQ between LTL and RTL group. The classification rate of Wada test in terms of lateralization by discriminant analysis was 81.82%. The accuracy was 75.8% at 10% and 15% lateralization criteria and was 63.6% and 45.5% at 20% and 25% lateraliza.
Amobarbital ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Memory* ; Seizures ; Temporal Lobe

Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Molar ; Orthopedics ; Osteotomy ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Recurrence