We evaluated retrospectively the clinical records of 46 cases of Duanes retraction syndrome. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate a clinical characteristics of this syndrome and improvement of abnormal head posture and degree of deviation in 14 cases undergoing operation. Unilateral manifestation was in 42 cases and 4 cases were involved bilaterally. Left eye was involved predominantly in 29 cases (63.0%). The frequencies analyzed according to Hubers classification were that Type I was 64.3%, Type II 7.1%, and Type III 28.6% in unilateral cases. Of unilateral cases, compensatory face turn was exhibited in 65.2% of Type I, 100% of Type II, and 60.0% of Type III. In primary position, 44.4% of Type I had esodeviation, and 100% of Type II ad 83.3% of type III had exodeviation. The major concerns of most patients or their parents were the correction of strabismus and gaze limitation, but they hardly recognized abnormal head posture. The correction of abnormal head posture and strabismus was achieved in 78.6% postoperatively.
Classification ; Duane Retraction Syndrome* ; Esotropia ; Exotropia ; Head ; Humans ; Parents ; Posture* ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus

PURPOSE: We expected the motion fraction could be checked, with simple radiographic examination, according to the guide-line of fluoroscopic technique, and recovery of the function also could be correlated with the improvement of the motion fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the motion fraction of the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic movement using fluoroscope in 30-degree intervals of arm elevation in the scapular plane. The ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement (thetaGH/thetaST) was 1.6 for the full range of motion in scapular plane. During arm elevation, scapular tilting from the coronal plane was decreased from 42 degrees to 20 degrees tilting as well as internal rotation (scapular extension). We also measured the motion fraction (thetaGH/thetaST) and functional recovery of the shoulder in 11 patients after operative treatment of the shoulder instability in 15 patients from December 1996 to August 1997. RESULTS: We could find out a significant correlation between the recovery of motion fraction and shoulder function. These results would be applied in planing rehabilitation program after treatment of the shoulder instability. CONCLUSIONS: The measuring technique of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement (thetaGH/thetaST) with fluoroscopy could be applied to the simple radiographic measurement at the out-patient clinic in order to identify the pathology and recovery of shoulder motion after treatment
Arm ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Pathology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder*

To evaluate the utility, safety, and reliability of diode laser endophotocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, seventy-two consecutive eyes treated with diode endophotocoagulation were studied. A retrospective control group of 62 consecutive eyes undergoing vitrectoiny with argon laser endophotocoagulation was also studied. Minimal period of follow-up was 3 months. Final visual acuity was improved in 44 eyes (61.1%), and was 5/200 or better in 45 eyes (62.5%) with diode endophotocoagulation. In comparison, final visual acuity was irnproved in 40 eyes (64.5%), and was 5/200 orbetter in 37 eyes (61.6%) for argon endophotocoagulation. A rupture of Bruch`s rneinbrane was developed in 2 eyes with diode laser treatment, and a retinal hemorrhage was developed in one eye with argon laser treatment. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the rate of visual iniprovement and final visual results. This study supports the conclusion that the diode laser is as effective for the endophotocoagulation in proliferative diabetic retinopathy as argon laser treatment.
Argon ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Visual Acuity

More women have died from cardiovascular disease since middle 1980's than men due to the women's older age and multiple comorbid conditions. Additionally, women with acute coronary syndrome have worse outcomes, including sudden cardiac death and death before arriving to the hospital, due to the women's atypical symptoms and the delayed diagnosis and treatment. There are many reports on the gender-specific differences in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. In addition to the previous reports, the WISE study was started for improving both our understanding and the clinical outcomes of ischemic heart disease of women. These studies have suggested the structural and functional differences in the female vasculature, new paradigms for the diagnosis and treatment of the ischemic heart disease of women, the various roles of estrogen and the new therapeutic targets for preventing ischemic heart disease (IHD) or improving cardiovascular outcomes. On-going and future studies should focus on further understanding of the pathophysiology, the clinical usefulness of the new diagnostic markers that may related to the IHD of women, and the development of non-invasive, easily reproducible diagnostic tools for early detection of IHD and for predicting the adverse outcomes.
Acute Coronary Syndrome ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia