No abstract available.
Cleft Lip*

The blow-out fracture can be reconstructed by various autogeneous and alloplastic material. Particulate, nonresorbable hydroxyapatite is currently one of the choice of implant material available for reconstruction of blow-out fracture. Hydroxyapatite is radiopaque ceramic, physically and chemically similar to enamel and cortical bone. It is a biomaterial derived from natural corals to use as a bone graft substitute. And we looked into the clinical usefulness of 2 type of hydroxyapatite with their advantages and disadvantages in reconstruction of blow-out fracture. 183 patients with blow-out fracture who underwent surgical reconstruction with two types of hydroxyapatite from March 1933 to July 1977 have been analyzed the results of surgical reconstructions, and have been followed up for more than a year. And the condition of formerly inserted hydroxyapatite was observed in the patients who needed 2nd surgical reconstruction due to the enophthalmos. The disadvantages of hydroxyapatite are fragility, size and contour limitations. In spite of these demerits, hydroxyapatite can be one of the prospective materials to reconstruct orbital floor. Through the clinical experiences for 5 years, we have not found any of complications of exposure, infection, and foreign body reaction. Low rates of diplopia, limitation of ocular movement, and enophtalmos was observed. Hydroxyapatite was well adherent to adjacent orbital bone in most patients who needed secondary reconstruction for enopthalmos. In conclusion, our study shows that the availability of hydroxyapattite in reconstruction of blow-out fracture is recommendable, with low complication rates. Hydroxyapatite important appears to be well tolerated, and provides useful alloplastic prosthesis with few problems in reconstruction of blow-out fracture.
Anthozoa ; Ceramics ; Dental Enamel ; Diplopia ; Durapatite* ; Enophthalmos ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Prostheses and Implants ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Enophthalmos* ; Orbit*

It has been well known that variable complications oecur in multiple organs in chronic renal failure patients. Of them gastrointestinal complications are also variable including nausea, vomiting, gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatitis, pancreatitis, telangiectasia, angiody- splasia etc. Of such complications the incidence of peptic ulcer had been known to be high, but after endoscopic study, the incidence of nonulcer mueosal lesion has been more common. So we evaluated tbe upper gastrointestinal mucosal lesion in chronic renal failure patients by endoscopic examination. 129 subjects(mean age, 42 years, creatinine clearance ratio<10 ml/min) participated in this study. After overnight fasting the subjects were premedicated with simethicon and benoxinate. The mucosal lesion was diagnosed by two endoscopists with observing the TV monitor of electronic endoscope Fujinon EVG-FP. Of the 129 patients, 78 patients(76%) were revealed to abnormal endoscopic finding. Of the abnormal findings, the incidence of gastritis was most common in 34.9%, and then gastic erosion, duodenal erosion, gastric petechiae, gastric telangiectasia, duodenitis, gastric ulcer, gastric xanthoma, esophageal erosion, duodenal ulcer, esophageal uicer in orders. There was no difference in abnormal finding according to therapeutic type. From our study, we conclude that the incidence of nonulcer mucosal lesion is higher than ulcer disease in chronic renal failure patient, moreover those lesion can be diagnosed only by endoseopy. So we think that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is necessory for evaluation of upper gastrointestinal tract in chronic renal failure patient.
Creatinine ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenitis ; Endoscopes ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Fasting ; Gastritis ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Nausea ; Pancreatitis ; Peptic Ulcer ; Purpura ; Stomach Ulcer ; Telangiectasis ; Ulcer ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; Vomiting ; Xanthomatosis

OBJECTIVES: Masked hypertension is associated with metabolic risks and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of and risk factors of masked hypertension in Korean workers. METHODS: The study was conducted among 121 employees at a hotel in Gyeongju, Korea, from December 2008 to February 2009. We measured blood pressure (BP) both in the clinic and using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitors for all subjects. Hypertension was defined independently by both methods, and subjects were classified into four groups: true normotension, masked hypertension, white coat hypertension, and sustained hypertension. RESULTS: The frequency of masked hypertension in our study group was 25.6%. Compared with true normotension, the factors related to masked hypertension were male gender (odds ratio [OR], 10.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41 to 81.09), aging one year (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.99), clinic BP 120-129/80-84 mmHg (OR, 8.42; 95% CI, 1.51 to 46.82), clinic BP 130-139 / 85-89 mmHg (OR, 12.14; 95% CI, 1.80 to 81.85), smoking (OR, 5.51; 95% CI, 1.15 to 26.54), and increase of total cholesterol 1 mg / dL (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.08). In males only, these factors were clinic BP 120-129 / 80-84 mmHg (OR, 15.07; 95% CI, 1.55 to 146.19), clinic BP 130-139 / 85-89 mmHg (OR, 17.16; 95% CI, 1.56 to 189.45), smoking (OR, 11.61; 95% CI, 1.52 to 88.62), and increase of total cholesterol 1 mg/dL (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.09). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of masked hypertension was high in our study sample. Detection and management of masked hypertension, a known strong predictor of cardiovascular risk, could improve prognosis for at-risk populations.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension/*ethnology ; Lipids/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases/ethnology ; Occupational Health/statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects/ethnology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological/complications/ethnology ; Workplace/psychology/statistics & numerical data

To determine the influence of hypothermia on the neuromuscular transmission, 25 patients were studied during O2-N2O(50%)-enflurane(1-2%) anesthesia without any muscle relaxants. Ventilation was controlled to maintain normocapnia and neuromuscular transmission was monitored by delivering train-of-four(TOF) stimuli to the ulnar nerve at wrist(Accelograph, Biometer) while the circulation to the ipsilateral forearm was occluded by tourniquet for 20 minutes. Regional hypothermia was induced to the isolated arm by intravenous injecton of 20ml normal saline cooled by 10degrees C and by surface cooling with ice pack in 15 patients (hypothermia group). To compare the neuromuscular transmission in hypothermia with 10 patients in normothermia whose temperature were maintained at normothermia by intravenous injection of 20ml normal saline of 36degrees C(normothermia group), TOF response was measured following temperature gone down. The results obtained were as follows. First twitch height of TOF response(T1) was not changed, significantly in normothermia group for 20 minutes. In hypothermia group, T1 was decreased insignificantly until the temperature fell to 32degrees C, but it began to decrease significantly from below 31degrees C as compared to normothermia group, e. g., 82.4+/-31.2/o(p<0.05), 73.1+/-29.6%(p<0.0l), 53.2+/-14.4%(p<0.01), 38.7+/-18.7% (p<0.01), and 35.9+/-16.3%(p<0.01) at 31, 30, 29, 28 and 27C respectively. T4 ratio was not affected in both normothermia and hypothermia groups. In 5 eases of 15 hypothermia patients, we observed transient increase of T, under the moderate hypothermia(35~32degrees C) before markedly diminution of T, under the profound hypothermia(< or =31degrees C)
Anesthesia ; Arm ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Ice ; Injections, Intravenous ; Tourniquets ; Ulnar Nerve ; Ventilation

Scar endometriosis is one of the rare conditions among the extrapelvic endometriosis, but it often occurs after pelvic operation and episiotomy. Four cases of scar endometriosis following Cesarean section and episiotomy were exp- erienced and treated with complete surgical excision. Therefore we reported these cases with concerned literatures.
Cesarean Section ; Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Episiotomy ; Female ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was subjected to evaluate a causal relation in the incidences of Cesarean section with or without epidural analgesia during labor. METHODS: All of the subjects was divided into two groups which consisted of 394 cases wanted epidural analgesia as Epidural group and 2938 cases unwanted it as Non-epidural group. Continuous lumbar epidural analgesia was performed at L3-4 interspace with catheter advancing 3 cm cephalad when cervix was dilated to at least 3~5 cm and then patient was placed lateral decubitus or sitting posture. 0.125% bupivacaine 10 ml was injected initially via the epidural catheter and then followed by a mixture (10 ml) of bupivacaine 16.7 mg and fentanyl 16.7 microgram hourly to be infused continuously. The data were analysed using Pearson's x2 test with p<0.05 taken as a significant difference. RESULTS: The incidence of normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and Cesarean section, the cause of alteration to Cesarean section, and gestational frequency followed by Cesarean section rate showed no significant difference between two groups. The occurrence of neonate below 7 points of Apgar score at one and five minute after Cesarean section was rather more in Non-epidural group (p<0.05) than that in Epidural group. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the continuous lumbar epidural analgesia with the dose of bupivacaine and fentanyl as mentioned above does not affect to Cesarean section rate during labor, which provides safe and effective for labor pain control.
Analgesia, Epidural* ; Apgar Score ; Bupivacaine ; Catheters ; Cervix Uteri ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant, Newborn ; Labor Pain* ; Posture ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We developed an objective structured oral examination (OSOE) case to assess the medical ethics of students. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of OSOE with generalizability theory. METHODS: One 10-minute OSOE that contained key questions was developed. The evaluation sheet consisted of 4 domains: moral sensitivity, moral reasoning, decision making, and attitude. The total number of items was 13. The numbers of checklist items and global rating items were 11 and 2, respectively. Items and key questions were validated by 6 professionals. Standardization of the raters and the pilot study was performed before the OSOE. Fifty-four third-year medical students participated in the OSOE. The OSOE was duplicated, and 2 professors assessed 1 student independently. Each station lasted 8 minutes and was followed by a 2-minute interval,during which raters completed the checklist forms. We analyzed the reliability of the OSOE with the GENOVA program. RESULTS: The reliability (generalizability coefficient) was 0.945, and the interrater agreement was 0.867. The type of item, checklist or global rating, was the largest variance component. The reliability of the checklist alone was 0.668 and that of the global rating alone was 0.363. CONCLUSION: The OSOE is reliable and can be used to assess ethics. More research should focus on achieving validity.
Checklist ; Clinical Competence ; Decision Making ; Diagnosis, Oral ; Educational Measurement ; Ethics, Medical ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Pilot Projects ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Medical

Superior oblique myokymia (SOM) is a rare disorder characterized by unilateral paroxysmal oscillopsia or diplopia. Recent studies revealed that SOM can be associated with neuro-vascular cross compression (NVCC) of the trunk of the trochlear nerve. Although it frequently occurs without any underlying systemic disease or concurrent neurologic sign, we need to consider this NVCC especially in cases with persistent disturbing symptoms. Hereby, we present two cases of SOM whose neuroimaging studies suggest NVCCs and, discuss recent update of the pathomechanism of SOM.
Diplopia ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Neuroimaging ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Trochlear Nerve ; Trochlear Nerve Diseases