No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

In the March 2009 edition of the Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society, we published an article entitled "Unilateral Lumbosacral Facet Interlocking without Facet Fracture" (Volume 45, pages 182-184). Fig. 1B on page 183 was supposed to be printed in color, but it was printed in black by mistake. We apologize to the authors and readers of JKNS for any inconvenience.

No abstract available.
Spine*

The cauda equina syndrome is a relatively uncommon, but serious complication. And it can have grave long-term consequences for the patient. The purpose of the study is to analyse the causes, clinical courses and to find the methods of prevention of cauda equina syndrome following lumbar spine surgery. We reviewed 6 cases among 287 patients wbo had been operated on and followed for minimum 12 months at Seoul Adventist Hospital from March 1991 to March 1996. The obtained results were as follows. 1. All six cases was noted only in patients who had operative procedures for spinal stenosis and possible causes were 3 cases of epidural hamatoma, 1 case of unrecognized and recurred disc herniation, 1 case of retained ligament flavum and 1 case of pseudomeningocele formation due to unrecognized dura tear. 2. Progressive neurologic deficits, decreased perianal sensation and loss of anal wink were present in all cases and were diagnostic. 3. Only three cases which were occurred within 24 hours and early treated within 12 hours, had no specific residual neurologic deficits. In conclusion, it is recommended that operators should be very cautious during the spine surgery. And also early recognition and surgical decompression is very important. During early postoperative periods, only repeated and regular neurologic examinations will enable early diagnosis and treatment to reduce permanent neurological damage.
Cauda Equina* ; Decompression, Surgical ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Polyradiculopathy* ; Postoperative Period ; Sensation ; Seoul ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine* ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

A 44-year-old man was cutting an outer plate of a ship, at a depth of 25 m below sea level. Following a sudden explosion, he was discovered unconscious and was carried to the surface by other divers. There was no evidence of vital signs upon arrival at the hospital. Postmortem computed tomography, which was performed prior to autopsy, revealed massive pneumocephalus in the brain, pneumohemothorax, diffuse lung contusions with multiple traumatic lung cysts, air-fluid level in the cardiac chamber of the chest, and pneumoperitoneum in the abdomen. Postmortem external examination showed a circular abrasion on the jaw, diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, and contusion in the right upper arm. An internal examination revealed intravascular air bubbles in all four chambers of the heart, and diffuse pulmonary trauma including contusion, laceration, and multiple traumatic cysts. Blast injury to the chest, and air embolism due to the underwater explosion were established as the underlying cause of death.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Arm ; Autopsy ; Blast Injuries ; Brain ; Cause of Death ; Contusions ; Diving ; Embolism, Air ; Explosions* ; Heart ; Humans ; Jaw ; Lacerations ; Lung ; Pneumocephalus ; Pneumoperitoneum ; Ships ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Thorax ; Vital Signs

Cryosupernatant which is the residual plasma fraction after removing cryoprecipitate has been used for plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome replacing the fresh frozen plasma. Recently, the unusually large yon Willebrand factor multireefs (ULvWFM) has been observed in patients with refractory or chronic relapsing hemolytic uremic syndrome as well as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura which disappeared by infusion or plasma exchange with cryosupernatant, and infusion of fresh frozen plasma, the largest multimers of yon Willebrand factor were replenished that it might be a cause of refractoriness. This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of home-made cryosupernatant from thawed fresh frozen plasma and its thehrapeutic effect in a hemolytic uremic syndrome patient. The level of fibrinogen, coagulation factor VIII, vWF antigen, and ristocetin cofactor activity was decreased and yon Willebrand factor multimers were barely seen in cryosupernatant than those of in fresh frozen plasma. A hemolytic uremic syndrome patient tried with exchange and infusion of cryosupernatant showed excellent recovery. It is concluded that home-made cryosupernatant shares many of the features of fresh frozen plasma except factor VIII, especially von Willebrand factor multimers, and thus it could be a useful alternative to fresh frozen plasma in case of refractory hemolytic uremic synydrome.
Factor VIII ; Fibrinogen ; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome ; Humans ; Plasma Exchange* ; Plasma* ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; von Willebrand Factor

BACKGROUND: In general, the outcomes of arthroscopic repair for superior labrum anterior to posterior lesions (SLAP) are favorable, however, persistent pain and limitation of motion are not rare complications. One of the possible cause is a “knot-ache”. This study evaluated the results of reoperation of symptomatic recurrent SLAP lesions and asked whether the knot is associated with postoperative complications. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2015, a total of 11 patients who had undergone arthroscopic SLAP repair were reoperated for recurrent symptomatic SLAP lesion. By retrospective chart review, operative findings, the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS), the range of motion (ROM), and functional scores were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 38.3 years, and the mean follow-up period was 42.5 months. In the primary operation, there were nine cases of repairs with conventional knot-tying anchors and three cases with knotless anchors. Impingement of the knots during abduction and external rotation of the shoulder was observed in the all cases with knot-tying anchors. The mean pVAS, ROM, and functional scores significantly improved with reoperation. At the final follow-up, the mean satisfaction VAS was 8.3. CONCLUSIONS: The knots of suture anchor maybe a possible etiology of the pain, which we termed a “knot-ache”. Considering that reoperation is performed due to pain after primary repair, the use of knotless suture anchor may have benefits of eliminating one of possible cause, “knot-ache”. Therefore, authors suggest the use of knotless anchors during reoperation for recurrent or recalcitrant pain after primary SLAP repair.

We reviewed articles to clarify the current evidence status for 1) types of cancer which related to benzene exposure, and 2) certain benzene exposure level which might cause the hematopoietic cancers. Hematopoietic function of the bone marrow is involved in the production of all blood cells types. The benzene metabolites including benzoquinone and mucoaldehyde affect hematopoietic stem cells as well as differentiation steps of progenitor cells for each blood cell. Hence, we concluded that benzene was associated with all lymphohematic carcinogenesis. First, it is supported by biological plausibility. Second, it is supported by meta-analysis although sing study did not show relationship due to lack of sample size or statistical power. More recent studies show lesser exposed level related to risk of cancer, compare to past studies did. Actually, early studies show the risk of malignancies in workers who exposed more than 200 ppm-years. However, only 0.5 to 1 ppm-year benzene exposed show significant linking to risk of malignancies in recent study. As reviewed research articles, we concluded that the relatively lower exposure level, such as 0.5–1 ppm-year, will be considering at risk of hematopoietic cancer. However, more research needs to be done on dose-response analysis.
Benzene ; Blood Cells ; Bone Marrow ; Carcinogenesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; Leukemia ; Sample Size ; Stem Cells

OBJECTIVES: It was the aim to examine the association of the thyroid-related hormones with cognitive function, depression, and subjective memory impairment in community-dwelling elders with questionable dementia. METHODS: The sample consisted of 399 community residents with 'questionable dementia' aged 60 or over in whom serum thyroid-related hormones [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine] had been assayed. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Korean version of the Consortium Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease. Depression was diagnosed using the Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale and subjective memory complaint (SMC) was checked using the subjective memory complaints questionnaire (SMCQ). Age, gender, education, and the presence of apolipoprotein E epsilon4 were included as covariates. RESULTS: There was a significant positive association between verbal fluency test (VFT) score and serum TSH levels (p = 0.01). There was a significant negative association between SMCQ total score and word list memory test (WLMT)(p = 0.002) or word list recall test (WLRT) score (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum TSH levels were associated with semantic memory (VFT), and we found that SMC was associated with episodic memory (WLMT and WLRT) in this sample.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Apolipoproteins ; Cognition ; Dementia* ; Depression* ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Memory* ; Memory, Episodic ; Semantics ; Thyroid Hormones* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of implant design on the primary stability and the contact between bone and prosthesis of three different porous coated acetabular implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The distal part of sixty bovine femurs were employed. 52 mm acetabular cups were inserted tightly after 2mm under-reaming. Trilogy acetabular cups were inserted in Group I, Mallory head finned RingLoc cups in Group II, Duraloc spiked cups in Group III. The gaps between the acetabular cups and the bones were measured on the radiography. The axial compression test and rotation test were performed using Instron. RESULTS: The gaps between the acetabular cup and bone of Gorup I and II was significantly smaller than Group III at its central adjacent and peripheral area (p<0.05) . The gap at the mid-portion decreased in order of Group I, II and III (p<0.05) . At the rim of the acetabular cup there was no measurable gap in all three groups. In the axial load of 300Kp, the mean micromotions were no statistical significances among three groups (p>0.05) . The mean torque of 1 degree rotation test was higher in the Group III than in the group I and II without statistical significance (p>0.05) . The mean torque of 2, 3 and 5 degree rotation test was highest in Group II among three, but there were no statistical differences among three groups (p>0.05) . CONCLUSION: Triology and Mallory-Head cup can be assumed to have better primary stability than Duraloc cup. And additional fin or spikes attached on the acetabular implant couldn't enhance the primary bone-prosthesis interface stability.
Acetabulum* ; Femur ; Head ; Prostheses and Implants ; Radiography ; Torque