Sexual histories of 176 patients of the sexual dysfunctions, who visited Department of Urology of Chung-Ang University Hospital from May, l986 to Aug. l986, were reviewed and compared with findings of the diagnostic examinations. The results were as follows. 1. The erectile dysfunction was 92.6% and the ejaculatory dysfunction was 7.4%. Of the erectile dysfunctions, 58.2% was psychogenic and 4l.8% was organic. The most common etiology of the organic impotence was diabetes mellitus, followed by vascular, trauma, drug, neurogenic, and endocrinogenic in order. 2. Ages of 20 years was the most common, followed by ages of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years in order Unmarraged single patients were 42.6%. 3. The patients whose living conditions and anxiety had influence on their sexual life were 27.3%, and the patients whose sexual problems had influence on their daily life or married life were 84.3 %. But the patients who had ever visited psychiatrists for sexual problems were only 8.6%. 4. Sexual desire of the patients was low, as compared with their ages, in 37.3%. The patients who never had sexual desire from their sexual partners were 24.3%. And indifference of their sexual partners to the patients or lack of their sexual desire was l8.4% or 21.8%. 5. Out of the 20 cases who was considered as definitely psychogenic impotent patients on the base of the sexual histories, 5 were proved to be organic by the diagnostic examinations. And out of 11 cases of organic impotences, 5 cases were turned out to be pychogenic. In conclusion, the fact that the patients of the sexual dysfunction were much more common in younger ages than expected, implies lack of sexual education and sexual knowledge with insufficient sexual expecience make them patients of the psychogenic sexual dysfunction. And the effects of sexual dysfunction on their daily life are very serious in most patients, particularly in the younger ages.
Anxiety ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Education ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Psychiatry ; Sexual Partners ; Social Conditions ; Urology

Chromosomal abnormalities are higher in twin gestations than in the singleton population. Turner's syndrome(gonadal dysgenesis) variety may result from chromosome loss during gametogenesis in either parent or a mitotic error during one of the early cleavage divisions of the fertilized zygote. The vast majority of 45, XO conceptions result in first or second-trimester miscarriage. Fetuses with Tumer's syndrome commonly exhibit posterior nuchal cystic hygromas and generalized edema. Recently we experienced one fetal demise in twin pregnancy. The affected fetus was associated with Turner's syndrome which was diagnosed by amniocentesis and karyotyping. The fetus was associated with cystic hygroma which was antenatally diagnosed by ultrasonogram. The unaffected fetus had normal karyotype and was delivered through cesarean section without any abnormalities. we report this case with brief review of literatures.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Amniocentesis ; Cesarean Section ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Edema ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fetus ; Gametogenesis ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Parents ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Turner Syndrome ; Ultrasonography ; Zygote

Investigations of the anti-tumor activity of recombinant mouse TNF and etoposide(VP-16) in a nude mouse subcutaneous implantation xenograft model utilizing the CURC-1 human renal cell carcinoma cell line were performed. Recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha(rTNF-alpha) and VP-16. both well known cytotoxic and cytostatic anticancer agents were evaluated singly and in combination against subcutaneously growing CURC-1. The results were as follows : 1. In the absence of treatment(Group I). subcutaneously growing CURC-1 tumor nodules demonstrated continued rapid growth. 2. Administration of rTNF(Group II) induced significant tumor regression in the subcutaneous nodules. 3. Administration of rTNF and Etoposide(Group III) demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition. On histopathological findings, Group I (control) shows rare leukocyte infiltration and no tumor necrosis. In contrast, Group II shows tumor necrosis and more leukocyte infiltration than Group I . Group III demonstrates tumor necrosis. tumor cell degeneration and more leukocyte infiltration than Group II. These results suggest that TNF have antineoplastic effect against subcutaneous human renal cell carcinoma nodule but the synergistic effect of TNF with VP-l6 is uncertain.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Cell Line ; Etoposide* ; Heterografts* ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Mice ; Mice, Nude* ; Necrosis ; Robenidine ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*

To differentiate the postoperative changes from the recurrence of tumor and to evaluate MR imaging of early postoperative leptomeningeal seeding in medulloblastoma, We have retrospectively analysed 34 cases of MR images of 17 patients who were confirmed as medulloblastoma by histopathology. Noncontrast and postcontrast T1 weighted MR images were obtained in all patients. In 11 patients follow-up MR was done more than once (average:1.5 times) and average interval of MR imaging was 6 months. The timing of 34 MR images was as follow: 6 case within 2 months, 9 cases between 2 months and 1 year, 19 cases more than 1 year after surgery respectively. MR images within 2 month after surgery revealed contrast enhancement at operation site and adjacent meninges, hemorrhage, residual tumor. In patients who had no evidence of tumor recurrence, these early postoperative changes were markedly decreased within 6 month after sugery. MR images obtained more than 1 year after sugery showed no abnormal contrast enhancement or mild focal dural enhancement at operation site. Diffuse moderate dural enhancement was noted in one patient who had the history of post-surgical subdural hemorrhage. In six patients with tumor recurrences which were detected from as early as 9months to 6 years after surgery, the findings of recurrence included leptomeningeal enhancement of brain stem and cerebellar surface at early stage, variable sized enhancing leptomeningeal nodules, linear or irregular sulcus obliterating enhancing lesions, enhancing mass at primary or metastatic site. We have concluded that leptomeningeal enhancement detected after 6 months of surgery is an important MR finding suggesting the possibility of tumor recurrence. Small nodular and linear enhancement of leptomeninges at brainstem or cerebellar surface is considered as the early manifestation of intracranial tumor seeding.
Brain Stem ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medulloblastoma* ; Meninges ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Rabbits ; Animals

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies of lethal potential for women in the developed world. Over the past two decades, we have witnessed dramatic advances in the treatment of breast cancer. The golden age of adjuvant systemic therapy for breast cancer began in early 1970s. The early results of the intial clinical trials raised both hopes and innumerable controversies. More importantly, they stimulated many physicians to set up further prospective trials to confirm or rule out the validity of different hypotheses. The initial adjuvant therapy trials used chemotherapy to treat women with lympy node positive cancer. These trials clearly demonstrated a disease-free and overall survival benefit for women receiving combination chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting. These benefits were subsequently extended to women with lymph node negative disease and to women with steroid receptor positive breast cancer. More than 100 randomized clinical trials of breast cancer adjuvant therapy have now been completed. Many of these studies have had more than 20 years of patients follow-up, and firm conclusion can be drawn about the value of treatment in different patients subsets. Although many questions remain to be answered regarding the dose intensity of chemotherapy, the appropriate sequencing of chemotherapy agents, and the use of novel chemotherapy agents such as taxanes, sufficient information is available to conclude that appropriately adminstered adjuvant treatment does improve survival of patients with early-stage disease.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant* ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hope ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Steroid ; Taxoids

Ranunculus tachiorei is a member of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae) which contains unsaturated lactone and protoanemonine. Protoanemonine is formed by the breakdown of the glycoside Ranunculin after injury to the plant and causes severe vesiculation and linear streaks after contact with field buttercups(Ranunculus spp.) The amount of protoanemonine in buttercups varies widely with the species of plant and its stage of growth, the highest content being at the time of flowering. We report a case of primary irritant dermatitis due to contact with Ranunculus Tachiorei which was applied for the folk treatment of Bell palsy.
Bell Palsy ; Dermatitis, Irritant* ; Flowers ; Humans ; Plants ; Ranunculus*

Translational initiation is regulated in response to nutrient availabilty and growth stimuli and is coupled with cell cycle progression and cell growth. There is now growing body of evidence which suggests links between translational regulation and the disruption of cell behavior that results in the development and progression of cancer. mRNA translation can be overactivated in breast cancer through eIF4E overexpression or abnormal activation of signal transduction pathways. Among them, rapamycin-sensitive signal transduction pathway (mTOR signaling pathway) is now being studied as a novel target for cancer therapy. In this article, the basic principles of translational control, the alterations encountered in cancer and selected therapy targeting mTOR signaling pathway are reviewed and the preclinical study regarding the determinants of rapamycin sensitivity in breast cancer is presented in order to help elucidate new avenues for breast cancer therapy.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus

A histopathologic observation was made on 24 patients with cryptorchism admitted to the Department of Urology, Seoul Adventist Hospital during the periods from November 1981 to April 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. The age distribution was ranged from 2 to 28 years and 6 to 10 years of age group was the most commonly affected (9 cases, 37.5%). 2. The most common type of cryptorchidism was the inguinal type (14 cases, 58.3%). The bilateral cryptorchismswere observed in 6 cases and unilateral 18 cases, among them right in 12 cases, left in 6 Cases. 3. On the histopathologic findings of testicular biopsy in 24 cryptorchid testes; per{tubular fibrosis which began before puberty was noted the earliest finding and basement membrane of seminiferous tubules were significantly thickening during puberty. Leydig cells were increased during puberty and they became normal level after puberty but spermatogenesis were not completely observed through all the age group.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Cryptorchidism* ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Puberty ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Seoul ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Urology

A histopathologic observation was made on 24 patients with cryptorchism admitted to the Department of Urology, Seoul Adventist Hospital during the periods from November 1981 to April 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. The age distribution was ranged from 2 to 28 years and 6 to 10 years of age group was the most commonly affected (9 cases, 37.5%). 2. The most common type of cryptorchidism was the inguinal type (14 cases, 58.3%). The bilateral cryptorchismswere observed in 6 cases and unilateral 18 cases, among them right in 12 cases, left in 6 Cases. 3. On the histopathologic findings of testicular biopsy in 24 cryptorchid testes; per{tubular fibrosis which began before puberty was noted the earliest finding and basement membrane of seminiferous tubules were significantly thickening during puberty. Leydig cells were increased during puberty and they became normal level after puberty but spermatogenesis were not completely observed through all the age group.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Cryptorchidism* ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Leydig Cells ; Male ; Puberty ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Seoul ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Urology