Cystoscopy is important in staging of cervix cancer. However, there have been controversies about its routine use, interpretation of the result and necessity of biopsy during cystoscopy. Herein we analysed 1,049 cases. Among 1,049, 53 abnormalities (5.1 %) were found.; 22 grossly visible tumor invasion (2.1 %), 30 bullous edema (2.9 %), 1 transitional cell carcinoma (0.1 %). Transurethral biopsy was done on 14 cases with gross tumor invasion and 13 (92.9 %) showed microscopic bladder mucosa invasion, all of which were in from stage II b to IV. Bullous edema was analyzed by biopsy results, operative findings and computed tomography scan in 25 cases.; 13 bladder muscle invasion (52 %), 2 bladder mucosa invasion (8%), 5 normal bladder wall (20 %), 5 nonspecific inflammation (20 %). However, cystoscopic biopsy was unreliable in evaluation of bullous edema. Biopsy confirmed bladder mucosa invasion were found in 15 of 1,049 (1.4 %).; stage 0 to II a 0. stage II b 2.4%, III 11.3%, IV 15%. We conclude that cystoscopy is useful only in stage more than II b, bullous edema means bladder wall invasion in majority of cases and should be evaluated by noninvasive computed tomography and that biopsy should be reserved only in suspicious cases.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cystoscopy* ; Edema ; Female ; Inflammation ; Mucous Membrane ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; Kidney* ; Plasmids*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* ; Herpes Simplex*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex* ; Herpes Simplex*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Line* ; Suramin*

PURPOSE: Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of tumors. Mechanism of angiogenesis of prostate cancer remains to be defined. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenic factors and we have previously demonstrated that VEGF was expressed by rat ventral prostate in an androgen dependent manner. We herein investigated whether VEGF also plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis of prostate cancer and whether endocrine therapy inhibits expression of VEGF and angiogenesis in prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Frozen tumor tissues were obtained from 21 patients with prostate cancer before and 3 months after endocrine therapy and angiogenic activity was analyzed by measuring microvascular density(MVD) using immunohistochemical study for factor VIII and VEGF expression by RT-PCR -Southern blot assay and immunogistochemical study, respectively. RESULTS: Prostate cancer showed significantly increased expression of VEGF and MVD as compared with normal prostatic tissues and benign hyperplastic tissues(p<0.001). There were signficant correlations between VEGF expression and MVD of prostate cancer tissues. After endocrine therapy, both MVD and VEGF expression in prostate cancer tissues were signficantly decreased as compared with those of before endocrine therapy(p<0.001). There were no signficant differences between bilateral orchiectomy and leuprolelin therapy in inihibitory effect of VEGF expression and MVD in prostate cancer tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that VEGF may be a major angiogenic factor in prostate cancer and one of important action mechanisms of endocrine therapy in prostate cancer may be in its inhibition of VEGF expression and tumor angiogenic activity.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Animals ; Factor VIII ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orchiectomy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Rats ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

PURPOSE: Renal oncocytoma has been a focus of interest in urologic oncology. The biologic and molecular characteristics of this disease remains ill defined due to paucity of ideal in vitro model. In this present study a new cell line of human renal oncocytoma, CURO, has been established and characterized. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The CURO cells were cultured from tissues obtained from radical nephrectomy specimen of incidentally found renal oncocytoma. The cellular and molecular biological characleristics of CURO cells were analyzed. RESULTS: CURO cells grew in monolayer with a rapid doubling time of 20 hours. The cells showed abundant mitochondria and well developed microvilli, and expressed cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and lectins of distal renal tubular and collecting duct origin. The cells showed aneuploidy with high proportion of cells in G2+M phase(27%) on flow cytometric analysis. Karyotyping study revealed clonal heterogeneity: Majority showed normal 46XX, whereas, 12% of cells showed deletion or translocation of chromosome 19, but none of the cells showed abnormality of 3p. The cells neither showed mutation of p53 gene and nor expressed two major angiogenic factors of renal cell carcinoma: vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. The CURO cells didn't show tumorigenecity in athymic nude mouse on either subcutaneous or subrenal capsular implantation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that CURO may be a valuable model to study renal oncocytoma. Renal oncocytoma may be a benign tumor of distal renal tubular or collecting duct origin, but it may contain clone with high proliferative activity. Change of chromosome 19 may be a marker of development or proliferation of renal oncocytoma.
Adenoma, Oxyphilic* ; Aneuploidy ; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Cell Line ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Clone Cells ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; Genes, p53 ; Humans* ; Karyotyping ; Keratins ; Lectins ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Microvilli ; Mitochondria ; Mucin-1 ; Nephrectomy ; Population Characteristics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Extragondal germ cell tumors are rare, which develop outside of the testes, but histologically identical to primary testicular germ cell tumors. There have been much interest and controversies about their etiology, definition, treatment and care of testes. We recently experienced a case of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor in a 16-years-old male, who was cured by intensive chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. Herein we report the case with review of the literature.
Drug Therapy ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Testis ; Yolk Sac*

BACKGROUND: It has been documented that certain prognostic factors may affect the outcomes of the old aged victims by trauma. Considering that trauma is the sixth most common cause of death in people over the age of 65 years and there is a rapid growth of elderly population, it is paramount to understand the prognostic factors when dealing with geriatric trauma patients. Hypothesis and Goals : It can be hypothesized that the prognostic factors should be determined independently between populations being consisted of different races, countries, socio-economic states, cultures, or so on. Thus, study was designed to evaluate the factors affecting the outcomes of elderly Korean trauma patients. METHODS: One hundred forty six patients aged over 65 years were retrospectively reviewed, who visited the Emergency Canter of Korea University from January, 1997 to June, 1998. Of 146 patients, 7 were excluded due to discharge against advice or transfer to the other hospitals. Parameters analysed were age, sex, mechanism of injuries, body region injured, Injury Severity Score (ISS), previous medical illness, hospital morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and cost. Each patient was classified into improved or not-improved groups depending on the outcomes, and young-old or old-old group depending on the age. The factors affecting the hospital stay in improved patients were analyzed in the parameters of previous medical illness, hospital morbidity, multiple injuries, ISS, and age. All statistical tests were conducted with two-tailed levels of 0.05. RESULTS: Of 139 patients, the mean age was 74+/-7.1 years, mean ISS 9.3+/-7.26, mean hospital stay 27+/-27.1 days. Most commonly injured body region was the extremities due to fall from a level surface. Rate of previous illness showed 0.94 medical diseases per person and were aggravated after trauma in 39 patients (60.9%). Hospital morbidity rate was 0.46 incidents per person. There were no differences in age and duration of hospital stay between the improved and the not-improved group. Substantial differences were noted in affected body region, incidence of previous illness, and hospital morbidity between the groups (p=NS). Not-improved group had higher ISS (p<0.05). ISS, previous illness and hospital morbidity affected the duration of hospital stay in the improved group. Hospital stay was 40+/-25.1 days in patients with ISS over 6 while 6+/-8.6 days in those with ISS 5 (p<0.05). Hospital stay in the improved was 26+/-26.9 days while 31+/- 24.8 days in the improved old-old group (P=NS). Hospital stay in the young-old minor trauma (ISS5) patients with previous illness and hospital morbidity was 26+/-10.1 days while 4+/-7.3 days in those without previous illness and hospital morbidity (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous medical illness and hospital morbidity, not age, are predictive of outcomes of geriatric trauma patients with respect to hospital stay. As most of the hospital morbidity was a trauma-induced aggravation of previous medical illness and hospital morbidity contributing poor outcomes can be potentially avoidable, routine aggressive care far the geriatric trauma patients with previous medical illnesses is needed.
Aged ; Body Regions ; Cause of Death ; Continental Population Groups ; Emergencies ; Extremities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injury Severity Score ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Multiple Trauma ; Retrospective Studies

Early treatment to facilitate the muscular blood flow can avert myonephropathic metabolic syndrome (MNMS) and major amputation for patients suffering with acute limb ischemia. Delayed reperfusion or microemboli in the small vessels can aggreviate: ischemic changes and lead to irreversible muscle necrosis. Amnion is an excellent biological dressing, and we tried using it to treat anterior compartment muscle necrosis (ACMN). The amnions were aseptically collected from caesarean sections. Additional betadine (1 : 3 solution) and vaseline-soaked gauzes were applied over the amnion as a daily biologic wet dressing. The amnion was replaced every three days. Finally, split skin grafting was performed on the healthy granulation tissue. We treated two patients who happened to have shin muscle necrosis. A 65-year-old man with a femoro-femoral arterial bypass showed graft thrombosis. Thirteen days after performing balloon angioplasty with stent insertion in the right femoral artery, new emboli were found in the stent and in the left popliteal artery. There was an attack of myocardial infarction the next day after embolectomy. The severe MNMS and ACMN at the right shin occurred after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The dry gangrene was excised 3 months later, and this was followed by a skin graft 4 months later. An 81-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation showed left common femoral arterial obstruction and ACMN on the left shin during the management of congestive heart failure. The dry gangrene was excised 2 months later, and this was followed by a skin graft 3 months later. The amnion dressing shows promises for providing healthy granulation tissue for split skin grafts when treating muscle necrosis of the leg. Biologic dressing with using amnion is an option for limb salvage in the case of muscle necrosis that is caused by acute limb ischemia, although the treatment takes a long time.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amnion* ; Amputation ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Bandages* ; Biological Dressings ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cesarean Section ; Embolectomy ; Extremities* ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Gangrene ; Granulation Tissue ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; Leg ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Necrosis* ; Popliteal Artery ; Povidone-Iodine ; Pregnancy ; Reperfusion ; Skin ; Skin Transplantation ; Stents ; Thrombosis ; Transplants