PURPOSE: For the synthesis of surfactant protein(SP) peptides and production of next generation artificial pulmonary surfactant(PS), we have isolated SP-B, C from bovine PS, and studied the biochemical properties and amino acid sequences of these protein-peptides. METHODS: Crude surfactant and purified surfactant were isolated from materials extracted from the bovine lung lavage. The hydrophobic SP-B, C were purified by Sephadex LH 60 column chromatography from PS. The purities of SP-B, C were assessed by tricine buffer SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the amino acid sequences of these proteins were determined using Beckman PI-2090. RESULTS: The molecular weights of SP-B, C shown in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were as follows; 15,000-18,000(oligomer) Da for SP-B, 3,500-5,000 Da for SP-C. The amino acid sequences were; FPIPLPYCWL LRTLIKKIQA VIPKGVLAMT VAQCHVVPL LVGGIQQLV IEYSVILLTD TLLGRLPNLV CGLRLRCSG in SP-B, LIPCCPVNIK RLLIVVVVVV LLVVVIVGAL LMGL in SP-C, respectively. These results indicated that the amino acid sequences of bovine SPs were different. CONCLUSION: The SP-B, C were purified from bovine PS, and amino acid sequences of SP-B, C were determined. Further studies are needed for the development and use of next generations of exogenous PS preparation based on synthetic SP-peptides for the treatment of neonatal RDS in the future.
Amino Acid Sequence* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Chromatography ; Electrophoresis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Molecular Weight ; Peptides ; Pulmonary Surfactants*

Three cases who were successfully treated for cardiac injuries by open thoracotomy were reported. The range of the ages of the patients was 3rd decade. Two of the 3 were males with blunt injuries by motor vehicle accident and one was male with stab wound by knife. In the case of blunt injuries, the right atrium was involved in one case and the right and left atrium were involved in the other. The site of stab wound was the right atrium. There were two cases with the pre-operative diagnosis of cardiac injuries and they were blunt injuries. The case of stab wound was not diagnosed pre-operatively. All cases were treated with open thoracotomy-one posterolateral thoracotomy, one median sternotomy and one Clam shell incision. All of them had an uneventfull post-operative course.
Bivalvia ; Diagnosis ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Sternotomy ; Thoracotomy ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating ; Wounds, Stab

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Glucuronidase* ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal* ; Milk* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Humans ; Mothers*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Endoscopy* ; Humans

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Scrub Typhus*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn* ; Mothers*

In order to observe the effects of serum albumin and fibrinogen on biophysical surface properties and the morphology of pulmonary surfactant in vitro, we measured the surface adsorption rate, dynamic minimum and maximum surface tension (min-, max-ST) by Pulsating Bubble Surfactometer, and demonstrated ultrastructures on a series of mixtures with varying concentrations of albumin or fibrinogen and Surfactant-TA. The albumin and fibrinogen significantly inhibited the adsorption rate and ST-lowering properties of surfactant through increasing STs of adsorption rate, min-ST, and max-ST. The characteristic morphology of the Surfactant-TA changed from lamellar rod-like structure with open ends into spherical structures with loss of their open ends by mixing with albumin or fibrinogen. These inhibitory effects of albumin and fibrinogen on surface properties of surfactant were dependent upon the increasing concentration of albumin or fibrinogen. We concluded that albumin and fibrinogen significantly altered surfactant function and its ultrastructural morphology in vitro. These findings support the concept that albumin and fibrinogen-induced surfactant dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of adult respiratory distress syndrome, and this adverse effect of albumin and fibrinogen on surfactant might be overcome by administration of large doses of exogenous surfactant.
Adsorption ; Animal ; Cattle ; Fibrinogen/pharmacology* ; Human ; Pulmonary Surfactants/ultrastructure* ; Pulmonary Surfactants/drug effects ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/pharmacology* ; Surface Properties

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of preterm infants remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality despite improvements in neonatal intensive care and artificial ventilatory techniques. After identification of the deficiency of pulmonary surfactant is major pathophysiologic basis in RDS, artificial surfactant replacement therapy in RDS was first successfully tested by Fujiwara and co-workers in 1980. therefore, exogenous surfactant replacement produced exellent results in improved clinical and repiratory status during the acute period and decreased incidence of late complications and mortality. According to comparison of administration timing between early (within 6 hours after birth) and late (after 6 hours)group, early replacement therapy is more effective in improving of clinical course and prognosis. Because of that, early, just after birth, recognition and detection of RDS is also important procedure. There are many investigations and methods for the detection of RDS in prenatal or postnatal period. Among then, stable microbubble rating (SMR) test was a simple method and SMR test has a higher diagnostic accuracy. To determine the relation of the SMR and purified natural surfactant (PNS) concentration in vitro, the author conducted each 5 times test of SMR method according to 5 groups of PNS concentration by using modified Pattle's method. The results were as follows: 1) The mean and standard deviation of SMR according to 5 groups of PNS concentration were 119.4 (15.0in 20mug PL (phospholipid)/ml, 452.2 (160.2 in 40mug PL/ml, 879.0 (93.4 in 60mug PL/ml, 1311.8 (274.8in80mug PL/ml, 1710.6(272.3 in 100mug PL/ml. 2) The regression curve of SMR and PNS concentration showed statistically significant relation(p<0.005). In conclusion, the SMR test was a good method in estimation of surfactant concentration in vitro and also in diagnosis of RDS recognized as a surfactant deficiency. In the future, we expected that prophylactic surfactant replacement therapy. immediate after birth, will be more popular in the field of neonatal care of RDS. So, we recommended the use of this method for early detection and serving optimal care of RDS.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Microbubbles* ; Mortality ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Surfactants*