No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Neurons*

BACKGROUND: The number of the elderly living in a home for the aged is increasing as the socio-culture changes, but health management for the institutionalized elderly has been discontinuos, centered on the single treatment of the disease. The aim of this study is to collect baseline data which is for development of the health maintenance program for the elderly living in a house for the aged. METHODS: We reviewed the journals related to the health maintenance program for the elderly. We selected the contents about health management program for the elderly. 3 domain of the contens were done. The 3 domain were physical health (interview for health habit, physical exam, clinical test), mental health (Korean version of geriatric depression scale, Korean version of mini mental status examination), assessment of functional status (katz activities of daily living, lawtons instrumental activities of living).. 158 elderly people living in a home for the aged in Seoul have been researched since August 1996. RESULT: Total subjects were 158 (men 73, women 85). The average age was 78.1(+/-7.2). The rate of smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise were 32%, 20.4%, 34.4%, each. The rate of assitive device use was 28.3%. The prevalence of sleep distur-bance, urinary incontinence were 69.7%, 17.3%. The prevalence of gait disturbance was 38.4%. The occurrence rate of falling for last 1 year was 29.6%. The prevalence of fear of falling was 57.2%. The positive rate of VDRL was 12.3%, the prevalence of anemia was 48.7%. The prevalence of degenerative arthritis, hypertension were 44.2%, 31.3%, each. The prevalence of depression, dementia were 71.3%, 56.7%, each. The rate of elderly person dependent on one and more ADL was 8.1%. CONCLUSION: We found the health status of the elderly living in a home for the aged. On the basis of the results of the study, it is needed that continuous application of the program for management of the elderly in a home for the aged, keeping searching proper contents of examination and methods of measurement.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Anemia ; Dementia ; Depression ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mental Health ; Osteoarthritis ; Prevalence ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Urinary Incontinence

Open reduction in an AO 33-A3 class distal femur transverse and comminuted fracture is often difficult due to frequent reduction loss during surgery, leading to longer operative time and increased blood loss intra-operation. In this study, the authors report a case in which the use of an offset grid plate (OsteoMed, USA) using 2.4 mm HPS (hand plating system) eased the process of fracture reduction and achieved a stable internal fixation, ultimately leading to successful osteosynthesis. The authors experienced no need for temporary fixation devices such as K-wires or screws, which are otherwise required to stabilize the reduction. The fracture reduction was stable throughout the primary fixation of the fracture using a locking plate and screws. The authors report that the advantage of the HPS plate is fitting into the cortical contour and providing stable maintenance of fracture reduction intra-operation, which would be beneficial in certain distal femoral fracture patterns.

It is well known that the Ebstein-Barr virus causes not only infectious mononucleosis in the most cases, but also occasionally causes a variety of hematologic disorders such as anemia (hemolytic anemia or aplastic anemia), thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and malignancies such as Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Furthermore, recently it is has been reported that it causes leukemia even though very rarely. The authors report a case of erythroleukemia possibly related to chronic Ebstein-Barr virus infection in a 14-year-old boy with brief review of related literatures.
Adolescent ; Anemia ; Burkitt Lymphoma ; Humans ; Infectious Mononucleosis ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute* ; Male ; Neutropenia ; Thrombocytopenia

During hemorrhagic shock, liver is susceptible to ischemia and decreased hepatic energy charge results in decreasing arterial ketone body ratio(AKBR). Reperfusion after hemorrhagic shock can greatly amplify the generation of toxic oxygen metabolites. As a result, the fluxes of these highly toxic metabolites can overwhelm the endogenous antioxident defense mechanisms and lead to tissue injury. In order to observe the effect of glutathione(GSH) on the AKBR in hemorrhagic shock, dogs(n=16) were anesthetized with 1% enflurane in 02. We pretreated glutathione (100 mg/kg) intravenously before hemorrhagic shock in glutathione (GSH) group (n=8). Shock was induced with bleeding and mean arterial pressure was maintained 50 mmHg for 30 minutes. Recovery from shock was done with transfusion of preserved blood and maintained for 30 minutes. We measured arterial ketone bodies and ketone body ratio before, during and after shock, and compared them to control group (n=8) which was not pretreated with glutathione. AKBR during and after hemorrhagic shock in GSH group (0.8 and 1.0) were higher than those in control group (0.5 and 0.8). Light microscopic examination of liver biopsy revealed less portal degeneration during and after hemorrhagic shock in GSH group than control group. Pharmacologic modulation of hepatocytic function with glutathione before hemorrhagic shock has shown some beneficial effect with protection of decreased AKBR and histological change during and after hemorrhagic shock.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Biopsy ; Defense Mechanisms ; Dogs* ; Enflurane ; Glutathione* ; Hemorrhage ; Ischemia ; Ketone Bodies ; Liver ; Oxygen ; Reperfusion ; Shock ; Shock, Hemorrhagic*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Diverticulum* ; Female* ; Humans ; Metaplasia*

PURPOSE: Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a reliable marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. But few studies have measured endogenous nitric oxide exhaled from the respiratory system of newborns. The aim of this study was to measure the eNO of healthy newborns and attempted to provide reference ranges for healthy newborn infants. METHODS: The newborns included in this study were born from May through July, 2005 in Kyung Hee medical center. eNO was measured in healthy 41 newborns with online tidal breathing method using a chemiluminescence analyzer (CLD 88 sp, Eco Medics, Duernten, Switzerland). We divided the newborns into two groups, according to gestational age, sex and type of delivery. The comparisons between two groups were performed and a correation between eNO and birth weight was analyzed. RESULTS: The range for eNO in healthy newborns was 2.0-20.5 ppb. The mean value was 10.0 ppb and the upper limit (mean+2SD) of normal was 19.8 ppb. There was no significant difference in eNO concentration with regard to gestational age or gender. eNO measurements were not correlated with delivery type or birth weight. CONCLUSION: eNO measurement is safe, non-invasive method in newborns. The reference value of eNO in newborn was achieved and there was no evidence of eNO related to gestation age, gender, delivery type and birth weight. Although eNO analysis is currently a research tool in newborn infants, it can provide new values on the airway.
Asthma ; Birth Weight ; Eosinophils ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Inflammation ; Luminescence ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Respiration ; Respiratory System

Background: Quantitative viral load tests are essential for diagnosing and monitoring the response to antiviral treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections. The Hologic Aptima Quant assay (Hologic Inc., USA) is a fully integrated and automated quantitative assay based on real-time transcription-mediated amplification technology using the Panthers system.In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Hologic Aptima Quant assay for measuring HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 viral load, and compared the results with those obtained with Abbott Alinity m system (Abbott Laboratories, USA). Methods: The reproducibility and linearity of the assay were evaluated in the present study. Additionally, the precision, analytical specificity, interference, and limit of detection (LOD) of each assay on the Panther system were evaluated. A comparative evaluation between the Hologic Aptima Quant assay and the Abbott Alinity m assay was conducted using clinical patient samples. Results: The results of the precision study demonstrated excellent total precision, with the coefficient of variation of precision being less than 5%. The linearity of the viral loads was excellent for all assays (correlation coefficient [R2 ] >0.99 for HBV, HCV, and HIV-1). Furthermore, the specificity of all assays was determined to be 100%. The LOD results were 10 IU/mL for HBV and HCV assays, and 20 copies/mL for HIV-1 assay, with 100% replicates being detected. Additionally, the viral load measured with the Hologic Aptima Quant assay was strongly correlated with that measured with Abbott Alinity m assay (R2 =0.94–0.97). Conclusions The Hologic Aptima Quant assay demonstrated excellent performance, with results being comparable to those obtained with the Abbott Alinity m assay for detecting HBV, HCV, and HIV-1 viral loads.

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. Although the vast majority of KS cases are sporadic, some X-linked recessive (KAL1), autosomal dominant (FGFR1), and autosomal recessive (most commonly GNRHR) modes of inheritance have been described. Two boys were referred to our department because of cryptorchidism and the absence of puberty. Upon laboratory evaluation they were diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Agenesis of the olfactory bulbs was detected in radiologic tests, and total deletion of the KAL1 gene was detected through multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Although cryptorchidism was diagnosed in the siblings, only the older brother suffered from sensorineural hearing loss and right renal agenesis, a feature that had been reported in X-linked KS. We describe herein the clinical heterogeneity of two affected brothers who carry a complete deletion in KAL1; this is the first case of familial Kallmann syndrome due to the complete deletion of the KAL1 gene reported in Korea.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cryptorchidism ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Bulb ; Population Characteristics ; Puberty ; Siblings ; Wills

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. Although the vast majority of KS cases are sporadic, some X-linked recessive (KAL1), autosomal dominant (FGFR1), and autosomal recessive (most commonly GNRHR) modes of inheritance have been described. Two boys were referred to our department because of cryptorchidism and the absence of puberty. Upon laboratory evaluation they were diagnosed with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Agenesis of the olfactory bulbs was detected in radiologic tests, and total deletion of the KAL1 gene was detected through multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Although cryptorchidism was diagnosed in the siblings, only the older brother suffered from sensorineural hearing loss and right renal agenesis, a feature that had been reported in X-linked KS. We describe herein the clinical heterogeneity of two affected brothers who carry a complete deletion in KAL1; this is the first case of familial Kallmann syndrome due to the complete deletion of the KAL1 gene reported in Korea.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Cryptorchidism ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases ; Korea ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Olfaction Disorders ; Olfactory Bulb ; Population Characteristics ; Puberty ; Siblings ; Wills