No abstract available.
Telephone*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Neutrophils* ; Superoxides*

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to test the validity of M-mode and a new cross sectional cehocardiographic quantification of pericardial effusion. METHODS: This study was performed in 12 patients with large pericardial effusion of whom hed M-mode and 2-D echocardiography just before therpeutic drainage of the effusion. The volume of Pericardial fluid removed by pericardiocentesis was compared with te echo-free space estimated by M-mode echocardiography and the volume estimated by new 2-D echocardiographic method. The pericardial sac volume and the cardiac volume were calculated by applying the formula for the volume of a prolate ellipse. RESULTS: 1) There was a good correlation between 2-D echocardiographic estimate and the actual volume removed by pericardiocentesis(r=0.72, p<0.05). 2) The correlation between the echo-free space estimated by M-mode echocardiography at the level of mitral valve and the actual volume was also good(r=0.81,p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The M-mode and 2-D echocardiographic method is successful in helping to estimate large pericardial effusion.
Cardiac Volume ; Drainage ; Echocardiography* ; Humans ; Mitral Valve ; Pericardial Effusion* ; Pericardiocentesis ; Phosmet

PURPOSE: To determine the clinical usefulness of lactic acidosis in an evaluation of patients with suspected generalized convulsion. METHODS: This was retrospective cohort study. The correlation between the lactate level and the time to blood gas analysis (ABGA) was analyzed in patients who had a final diagnosis of seizure to exclude the time effect on the spontaneous clearance of lactate. The patient's data in the true seizure group and false seizure group was then compared. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of lactate, pH and base deficit for diagnosing true seizure was drawn. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of hyperlactatemia or acidosis for a diagnosis of seizure and predicting epileptiform discharge at electroencephalography (EEG) was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 173 patients suspected of having generalized convulsion, 136 patients were diagnosed with a true seizure on hospital discharge and patients whose ABGA was performed within 60 minutes after seizure showed a significantly higher arterial lactate level, lower arterial pH and base deficit than the patients whose ABGA was performed after 60 minutes of seizure onset. 62 patients whose ABGA was performed 60 minutes after symptom onset were excluded. Finally, of 111 patients, 89 patients with true seizure showed a significantly higher arterial lactate level, lower arterial pH and base deficit than the 22 patients with false seizure. The ROC curve of lactate, pH and base deficit showed a significant area under the curve for diagnosing true seizure. The presence of hyperlactatemia or acidosis showed high sensitivity for diagnosing true seizure and expecting epileptiform EEG when they were measured with 60 minutes after symptom onset. CONCLUSION: In patients with suspected generalized convulsion, upon presentation to the ED within 60 min of symptom onset, the presence of hyperlactatemia or acidosis increased the likelihood of a true seizure and might be an objective indicator for further evaluations of seizure. On the other hand, normal lactate levels and no acidosis could not exclude a true seizure.
Acidosis ; Acidosis, Lactic ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Electroencephalography ; Hand ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactic Acid ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Seizures ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: The rapid and accurate diagnosis of pregnancy is important in the emergency department (ED) before evaluation of radiologic tests and medication decisions. Our primary objective was to assess the agreement between whole blood pregnancy tests done in the emergency department and those done in laboratory [serum human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and urine beta-hCG]. The secondary objective was to compare turnaround times for tests done in the ED and those done in the laboratory. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled females of childbearing age needing a pregnancy test who visited an ED. Using whole blood, urine and serum from each patient, testing was done in the ED (whole blood - Hubi Quan pro-point of care test, POCT) and in the laboratory using a urine hCG kit (iIexscreen) and in serum (ADVIA centaur). The data included time of each test, beta-hCG result, and urine pregnancy test result. RESULTS: There was a high level of agreement between the POCT using whole blood and the serum beta-hCG as indicated by a kappa value of 0.921(95% confidence interval). The POCT performed in the ED was significantly faster in time to report than tests performed in the laboratory, with mean differences of 20.21+/-2.0 minutes and 36.14+/-20.86 minutes. The sensitivity and specificity of POCT was 98.18% and 93.75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In ED, the POCT test can perform pregnancy test as accurately as in the laboratory, and can provide results on which to base care much faster than waiting for the laboratory results. POCT may expedite the ED management of patients who require pregnancy tests. Especially, this POCT uses whole blood instead of the urine, since the latter was inconvenient for the test.
Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Female ; Humans ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Tests ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

PURPOSE: In Korea, trauma is the 3rd most common cause of death. The trauma treatment system is divided into pre-hospital and hospital stages. Deaths occurring in the pre-hospital stage are 50% of the total death, and 20% of those are deaths that are preventable. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to calculate the preventable death rates caused by trauma in our current pre-hospital system, to analyze the appropriateness of the treatment of traumatized patients and to draw a conclusions about the problems we have. METHODS: The study was done on traumatized patients who expired at the emergency department from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2009, at the Korea University Medical Centers in Anam, Guro and Ansan. The data on the patients were reviewed retrospectively based on characteristics, conditions on admission and trauma severity. The patient's RTS (revised trauma score) and ISS (injury severity score) was calculated. Preventable death rate was calculated by TRISS (the trauma score-injury severity score). RESULTS: A total of 168 patients were enrolled. All patients were intubated and underwent CPR. Of the total, 72% patients were male, and traffic accidents were the most common form of trauma (52.4%), falls being second (28.6%). Head injury, solitary or multiple, was the most common cause of death (55.4%). Thirty-eight (38, 22.6%) deaths were preventable. The 22.6% preventable death rate consisted of 15.5% potentially preventable and 7.1% definitely preventable deaths. Based on a logistic regression analysis, the relationship between the time intervals until transfusion and imaging and death was statistically significant in the hospital stage. In the pre-hospital stage, transit time from the site of the injury to the hospital showed a significant relationship with the mortality rate. CONCLUSION: One hundred sixty-eight (168) patients died of trauma at the 3 hospitals of Korea University Medical Center. The TRISS method was used to calculate the preventable death rate, with a result of 22.6%. The only factor that was significant related to the preventable death rate in the pre-hospital stage was the time from injury to hospital arrival, and the time intervals until transfusion and imaging were the two factors that showed significance in the hospital stage. Shortening the time of treatment in the field and transferring the patient to the hospital as quickly as possible is the most important life-saving step in the pre-hospital stage. In the hospital stage, the primary survey, resuscitation and diagnosis should proceed simultaneously.
Academic Medical Centers ; Accidents, Traffic ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cause of Death ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies

We investigated the optimal culture conditions for Cryptosporidium muris in a human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line by determining the effects of medium pH and of selected supplements on the development of C. muris. The optimum pH of the culture medium required for the development of C. muris was determined to be 6.6. The number of parasites significantly increased during cultivation for 72 hr (p < 0.05) at this level. On the other hand, numbers decreased linearly after 24 hr of incubation at pH 7.5. When cultured in different concentrations of serum, C. muris in media containing 5% FBS induced 4-7 times more parasites than in 1% or 10% serum. Of the six medium supplements examined, only 1 mM pyruvate enhanced the number of C. muris in vitro. Transmission electron microscopic observation showed the developmental stages of C. muris in the cytoplasm of the cells, not in an extracytoplasmic location. The growth of C. muris in AGS cells provides a means of investigating its biological characteristics and of testing its response to therapeutic agents. However, a more optimized culture system is needed for the recovery of oocysts on a large scale in vitro.
Adenocarcinoma ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cryptosporidium/*growth & development ; Culture Media ; Human ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Stomach/*parasitology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

No abstract available.
Gait* ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Diseases*

BACKGROUNDS: The inflammatory reaction after cerebral ischemia involving adhesion molecules aggravates neurologic deficit. This study aimed to study the change of plasma level of the adhesion molecules after acute cerebral ischemia. METHODS: Nineteen patients with acute cerebral infarction and ten control subjects without a history of cerebrovascular disease were included in this study. The patient groups were subgrouped into large artery atherosclerosis and small artery occlusion groups according to TOAST classification. Plasma levels of sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were measured within 24 hours and in 6 to 8 days after acute ischemic infarction. RESULTS: The plasma level of sP-selectin was elevated in acute stroke patients within 24 hours and in 6 to 8 days after stroke onset compared with control group(p<0.05). But plasma levels of sE-selectin, sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not different from those of control group. The plasma level of sP-selectin was significantly elevated in large artery artherosclerosis group compared with control group. CONCLUSION: This study suggest that P-selectin actively involves in inflammatory process after acute ischemic stroke, especially associated with atherosclerosis.
Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Brain Ischemia ; Cerebral Infarction ; Classification ; Humans ; Infarction ; Neurologic Manifestations ; P-Selectin ; Plasma* ; Stroke*

No abstract available.
Gastric Outlet Obstruction*