No abstract available.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins*

For parthenogenetic activation as a model system of nuclear transfer, microinjection and electroporation as activation treatments in bovine metaphase II oocytes were administered to each of three groups as follows: control group (treatments with Ca2+, Mg2+ -free PBS+100 micro M EGTA), IP3 group (control+25 micro M IP3) and IP3+ ryanodine group (control+25 micro M IP3+10 mM ryanodine). In experiments using microinjection, no significant differences were observed between any of the developmental stages of the electroporation experiment. For electroporation, cleavage rates were significantly higher in the IP3+ryanodine group than in the IP3 or control group (85.6% vs 73.7% or 67.6%, respectively). In the subsequent stages of embryonic development, such as morula and blastocyst formation, the IP3 and ryanodine group exhibited significantly higher rates of morula fomation than the IP3 or control groups (40.6% vs 24.2% or 16.7%, respectively). Similarly, the rate of blastocyst formation in the IP3+ryanodine group was significantly higher than the control group (16.3% vs 6.9%) but did not differ significantly from the IP3 group (16.3% vs 9.5%). In nuclear transfer, activation was performed at 30 hpm by microinjection and elecroporation with 25 micro M IP3+ 10 mM ryanodine followed by 6-DMAP treatment. No significant differences were observed at any stage of embryonic development and none of the embryos activated by electroporation reached either the morula or blastocyst stage. However, 3.8% and 1.9% of embryos activated by microinjection sucessfully developed to the morula and blastocyst stages, respectively. In conclusion, activation treatments using IP3 and ryanodine are able to support the development of bovine parthenogenetic and reconstructed embryos.
Adenine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Animals ; Cattle/*embryology/physiology ; Cell Fusion ; Electroporation/veterinary ; Embryonic and Fetal Development/*drug effects ; Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Microinjections/veterinary ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Oocytes/drug effects/growth & development ; Parthenogenesis/*drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Ryanodine/administration & dosage/*pharmacology ; Skin/cytology

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Tubal*

MR finding of melanoma shows peculiar signal intensity based on paramagnetic effect of melanin or intratumoral hemorrhage, which displays decreased T1 and T2 relaxation times in many cases. Authors report MR findings in two cases of intracranial metastatic melanoma, which is pathologically confirmed by operation.
Hemorrhage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Melanins ; Melanoma* ; Relaxation

Acquired tufted angioma is a benign, progressive vascular lesion that has a distinctive histopathologic appearance. We report a 31-year-old man with acquireed tufted angioma. Several reddish papules and plaque were present on the neck. The lesion had been present for 6 months. They had enlarged slowly, and were slightly tender. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen showed round to ovoid cellular tufts of capillaries, most prominent in the middle to lower dermis.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Dermis ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Neck

No abstract available.
Myxoma*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Osteonecrosis*

BACKGROUND: The etiology of choledochal cysts is unknown, but the theory of pancreatobiliary reflux through an anomalous pancreatobiliary ductal union (APBDU) is widely accepted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between choledochal cysts and APBDUs in children. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 33 pediatric patients with choledochal cyst who had undergone excision of the whole extrahepatic bile duct along with hepaticoenterostomy at the Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, from 1993 to 1998. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51 months, and the ratio of males to females was 1:2.3. Anatomical types were Ia (n=17, 52%), Ic (n=11, 33%), III (n=1, 3%), and IVa (n=4, 12%) in the Todani classification of biliary cysts. We performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, or intraoperative cholangiopancreatography in all cases. An APBDU was identified in 24 patients (73%): right angle union (n=11, 33%), acute angle union (n=11, 33%), or a complex union (n=2, 6%) in the Todani classification of APBDUs. Type Ia cystic lesions correlated with right angle unions whereas Type Ic cylindrical lesions correlated with acute angle unions. The mean age of patients with a Type Ic, acute angle union was older than that of patients with a Type Ia, right angle union. In Type Ic, the amylase levels in serum and bile were elevated, but in Type Ia, they were not. CONCLUSIONS: APBDUs correlated highly with the shape of the extrahepatic dilatation, the age at onset, and the reflux of pancreatic juice. We think the excision of the entire extrahepatic duct along with a hepaticoenterostomy and appropriate evaluation of the APBDU are essential for the treatment of choledochal cysts in children.
Amylases ; Bile ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Child* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance ; Choledochal Cyst* ; Classification ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreatic Juice ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: It is known that mouse embryos before implantation develop in a low oxygen environment of 3- 8% concentration and with antioxidant materials such as vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, ferrous binding proteins, and albumin in follicular and tubal fluids. However, the 20% oxygen culture condition with chemically defined media might be produce an abundance of ROS, and leads to developmental delay or developmental block in vitro. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the relationship between intracellular H2O2 production and embryo development in different oxygen culture conditions of mouse embryos. METHODS: Prenuclear embryos from C57BL/CBA Fl hybrid and ICR mouse were cultured in incubators which provided 5% carbon dioxide, 20% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide, 5% oxygen. Measurement of H2O2 level in a embryo was performed with DCHFDA(2, 7 -dichlorodihydroflourescein diacetate)and analyzed with Quanti-cell 700, and the number of blastomeres was counted with DAPI( 4, 6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole). RESULTS: Oxygen concentration of the culture medias was significantly higher in the 20% oxygen environment compared to that of 5% oxygen environment. Culture of mice embryos in high oxygen condition leads to high HO concentrations at 2 cell stage and developmental delay or ""2-cell block"" regardless of the strain. But in a 5% oxygen environment, which is similar to in-vivo conditions HO production was suppressed continuously through out culture and development of embryos was definitely improved. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that there is a difference in the production of ROS or protective mechanism according to the mouse strains and stage of development, and it is thought that in-vitro culture in 5% oxygen environment provides stable in vivo equilibrium but in a 20% oxygen environment there is production of ROS which overcome the protective mechanism which leads to cellular damage and embryo developmental delay.
Animals ; Blastomeres ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carrier Proteins ; Culture Media ; Embryonic Development ; Embryonic Structures* ; Female ; Incubators ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxygen* ; Pregnancy ; Vitamins