Cleidocranial dysostosis is a rare congenital developmental disorder in which membranous bones fail to ossify sufficiently, particularily in the calvarium and the clavicles where fibrous tissue replaces the bone. Authors report two cases of cleidocranial dysostosis occurred in a 44-year-old woman and her 19-year-old son.
Adult ; Clavicle ; Cleidocranial Dysplasia ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Skull ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Confirm the stability of intervertebral disc sustaining each fused lumbar spine cases, comparing vertical compression, A-P shear force and rotational moment on intervertebral disc of instrumented lumbar spine with simple vertical compression load and follower load using finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyze the stability of intervertebral disc L4-5 supporting fused lumbar spine segments. After performing finite element modelling about L1-L5 lumbar vertebral column and L1-L4 each fusion level pedicle screw system for fused lumbar spine fine element model. Intervertebral discs with complex structure and mechanical properties was modeled using spring element that compensate stiffness and tube-to-tube contact element was employed to give follower load. Performing geometrical non-linear analysis. RESULTS: The differences of intervertebral disc L4-5 behavior under the follower compression load in comparision with vertical compression load are as follows. CONCLUSION: As a result of finite element interpretation of instrumented lumbar spine, the stability of L4-5 sustaining fused lumbar segment, the long level fused lumbar spine observed hing stability under follower load. This research method can be the basis tool of effects prediction for instrumentation, a invention of a more precious finite element interpretation model which consider the role of muscle around the spine is loaded.
Finite Element Analysis ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Inventions ; Spine*

BACKGROUND: Confirm the stability of intervertebral disc sustaining each fused lumbar spine cases, comparing vertical compression, A-P shear force and rotational moment on intervertebral disc of instrumented lumbar spine with simple vertical compression load and follower load using finite element analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyze the stability of intervertebral disc L4-5 supporting fused lumbar spine segments. After performing finite element modelling about L1-L5 lumbar vertebral column and L1-L4 each fusion level pedicle screw system for fused lumbar spine fine element model. Intervertebral discs with complex structure and mechanical properties was modeled using spring element that compensate stiffness and tube-to-tube contact element was employed to give follower load. Performing geometrical non-linear analysis. RESULTS: The differences of intervertebral disc L4-5 behavior under the follower compression load in comparision with vertical compression load are as follows. CONCLUSION: As a result of finite element interpretation of instrumented lumbar spine, the stability of L4-5 sustaining fused lumbar segment, the long level fused lumbar spine observed hing stability under follower load. This research method can be the basis tool of effects prediction for instrumentation, a invention of a more precious finite element interpretation model which consider the role of muscle around the spine is loaded.
Finite Element Analysis ; Intervertebral Disc* ; Inventions ; Spine*

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical difference between single infection and coinfection with respiratory virus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections. METHODS: We reviewed 727 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute respiratory infection at the Department of Pediatrics, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital between January and December of 2014. Diagnoses were made using the multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay targeting 16 viruses in nasopharyngeal swabs. Subjects were classified as the single virus infection and coinfection groups. RESULTS: A total of 439 patients were enrolled; 359 (77.2%) under 24 months. Single virus was detected in 279 (63.6%). Coinfection with multiple virus was detected in 160 (36.4%): 126 (28.7%) with 2 viruses, 30 (6.8%), and 4 (0.9%) with 3 to 4 viruses. Viral coinfection was detected in 28 samples (17.5%), with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and rhinovirus being the most dominating combination. There were no clinical differences between the single infection and coinfection groups, except sputum and the frequency of high RSV load. Sputum was significantly more frequent in the coinfection group (P=0.043), and the frequency of high RSV load was significantly higher in the single infection group (P=0.029). Disease severity (high fever, the duration of fever [≥5 days], and the length of hospital stay [≥5 days], O₂ therapy) did not differ significantly between both groups. RSV was a frequent virus of single infection during winter. Coinfection was most common in winter. CONCLUSION: There were no clinical differences between single infection and coinfection, except sputum and the frequency of high RSV load.
Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Coinfection* ; Diagnosis ; Fever ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pediatrics ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhinovirus ; Sputum

PURPOSE: To clarify the behavior of the lumbar spine under vertical compressive load and follower compressive load and to confirm the effect of the follower load on the stability of the spinal column using finite element method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Describing follower compression test to overcome underestimation of load carrying capacity, the problem in existing ex-vivo lumbar spine compression test, with finite element analysis, comparing with the result of simple vertical compressive load, we analyze the property of kinetic behavior. After performing finite element modelling about L1-L5 lumbar vertebral column, analyze it about vertical compressive load and follower compressive load. Intervertebral discs with complex structure and mechanical properties was modeled using spring element that compensate stiffness and tube-to-tube contact element was employed to give follower load. With compressive load, change of lumbar spinal curve is so much, that geometrical analysis should be done. RESULTS: Under the follower compressive load, the vertebral column was so stiff that vertical displacement of the upper end plate of L1 was markedly reduced, comparing with that under the simple vertical compressive load. Sagittal rotation of that upper end plate was also decreased in the opposite direction. Compressive load on the intervertebral disc was evenly distributed along the entire column. The bending moment at each disc was reduced in the opposite direction. A lesser A-P shear force occurred at the intervertebral disc. CONCLUSION: As a result of finite element interpretation of lumbar spine, the stability and load carrying capacity was increased largely, and the compressive load was transmitted through the column in a more pattern, when follower compressive load applied. This can provide the basis for explaining the difference of early buckling occurrence reported in ex-vivo testing, and load carrying capacity of the lumbar spine in-vivo, but, for more precise replication of behavior of lumbar spine in-vivo to variable loading. A invention of a more precious finite element interpretation model which consider the role of muscle around the spine is loaded.
Natural Resources ; Finite Element Analysis ; Intervertebral Disc ; Inventions ; Spine*

OBJECT: This study was devised to examine the demographic characteristics, psychopathology and associated psychiatric disorder of the Kleptomania offenders. METHODS: Kleptomania offenders who was referred to the National Forensic Psychiatric Hospital was concerned. RESULTS: Most of the Kleptomania offenders were women(92.6%, N=25) and lived alone(71.4%, N=20). In their first stealing, 25(92.6%) reported stressful situation just before stealing behavior but at admission 14(51.9%) is reported. Kleptomania experienced physical and sexual abuse during childhood; 9(33.3%) in case of physical abuse and 12(44.4%) in case of sexual abuse. At admission, Most of them complains of depressive mood(88.9%, N=24) and anxiety(88.9%, M=24), and any disorders like delusion was rare(7.4%, M=2). Most of Kleptomania offenders were comorbid psychiatric disorder; mood disorder(48.1%, N=13), personality disorder(40.7%, N=11), psychotic disorder(25.9%, N=7), anxiety disorder(14.8%, N=4) and alcohol dependence(14.8%, N=4). 24(88.9%) responded to the psychiatric treatment and 16(59.2%) of them had good prognosis. CONCLUSION: Most of Kleptomania offenders were single women and were abused physically or sexually during childhood. They had comorbid psychiatric disorder that responded to the psychiatric treatment and had good prognosis.
Anxiety ; Criminals* ; Delusions ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders* ; Prognosis ; Psychopathology* ; Sex Offenses ; Theft

Muscle sparing thoracotomy is known as alternative of posterolateral thoracotomy because of less postoperative pain, preservation of muscle power and better cosmetic outcome. Curved axillary thoracotomy (CAT) is a type of muscle sparing thoracotomy. Between July 2003 and August 2004, 5 patients diagnosed as pure patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treated by CAT and we reviewed results retrospectively by clinical record. The operative procedures were ligation of ductus in 4 cases and division of ductus in 1 case. There were no postoperative complication. Curved axillary thoracotomy is considerable alternative for surgical treatment of PDA with merits of muscle sparing effect and cosmetic benefit.
Animals ; Cats ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Thoracotomy*

PURPOSE: Both under-nutrition and obesity may be associated with severity of viral infection. We investigated the association of obesity with clinical factors and the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. METHODS: We reviewed 740 infants younger than 1 year of age who were admitted with the first episode of acute bronchiolitis between 2010 and 2013. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to the weight-for-length Z-score. RESULTS: Younger age (3.6+/-2.6 months) was more frequent in the obesity group (P<0.001). Infants aged < or =6 months (90%) dominantly included in the obesity group. Logistic regression showed that age (younger than 3 months) was independently associated with the overweight and obesity groups with acute bronchiolitis in infants (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; P=0.001 for overweight; OR, 4.67; P<0.001 for obesity). Moreover, the obesity group was associated with an increased risk of chest retraction, hypoxia, respiratory syncytial virus detection, length of stay (more than 5 days), and need for oxygen supplement. These factors tended to increase from the overweight group toward the obesity group. CONCLUSION: Younger than 3 months of age was a risk factor for developing worse clinical course in overweight and obesity groups with acute bronchiolitis in infants. Careful attention should be paid to the clinical course of younger obese infants with acute bronchiolitis.
Anoxia ; Bronchiolitis* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Obesity* ; Overweight ; Oxygen ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Risk Factors ; Thorax

Hypersplenism, secondary to portal hypertension, is common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with liver cirrhosis. Hepatic resection in the patient with hypersplenic thrombocytopenia (HSTC) may cause a perioperative bleeding episode and sometimes, liver failure. In order to investigate the effect of concomitant splenectomy in HCC patients with HSTC, clinical parameters are retrospectively reviewed for 18 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection with or without splenectomy. Among 581 HCC patients who underwent hepatic resection during the past 17 years, 18 patients with HSTC were investigated. Twelve of them underwent hepatic resection for HCC and had a concomitant splenectomy and the remaining 6 patients underwent hepatic resection for HCC only. The clinical outcomes and postoperative changes in platelet count, serum albumin level, serum total bilirubin levels, prothrombin time and clinical staging (Child-Pugh Classification) were reviewed. The resected spleen mean weight was 350.7+/-102.9 g. Postoperative platelet counts were significantly increased with albumin levels and clinical staging scores also improved after the splenectomy. Among the 12 patients who had a splenectomy, 6 patients had postoperative complications and one died of recurrent variceal bleeding. According to this data, it is not harmful to perform a concomitant splenectomy and hepatectomy for the HCC patient with severe HSTC, it can even be beneficial in improving both the platelet count and clinical staging.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*complications/surgery ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Human ; Hypersplenism/*etiology/*surgery ; Hypertension, Portal/*complications ; Liver Neoplasms/*complications/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Splenectomy

PURPOSE: To observe dystrophin formation and histological improvement in dystrophic muscle of mdx mouse after normal myoblast injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cultured myoblasts from genetically normal rats were injected into the right quadriceps femoris of a 6-week-old mdx mouse (n=9). dPBS was injected into the left quadriceps femoris as a control. One, 2, and 3 months after injection, The control and experimental group were compared histologically and by dystrophin immunostaining. RESULTS: When compared with controls 3 months postoperatively, quadriceps femoris in the experimental group exhibited greater cross-sectional area and total fiber number, and the experimental animals contained more normal-appearing and less abnormalappearing fibers than the control group. Most of the fibers in the experimental group showed positive results in dystrophin immunostaining, whereas immunostaining of mdx muscle fibers in the control group was completely negative. CONCLUSION: This study shows that normal myoblast injection improved the muscle architecture histologically and produced dystrophin protein in dystrophic muscle.
Animals ; Dystrophin ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; Muscular Dystrophies ; Myoblasts* ; Quadriceps Muscle ; Rats