A retrospective review was performed in 33 knees of 30 patients who had undergone arthroscopic debridement for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee. The mean age of the patients at operation was 55 years and the mean follow-up after operation was 15 months. We divided the knec:s into 2 groups; meniscectomy group (23 knees) and non-meniscectomy group (10 knees). The preoperative radiographic findings were divided into 3 groups according to the classification systern by Lotke et al. The postoperative results were evaluated using the nine-point scale by Baumgaertner et al. Our study was conducted to: 1) assess the overall efficacy of arthroscopic debridement, 2) compare the results between the. Meniscectomy group and nonmeniscectomy group, and 3) identify the relationship between the preoperative radiographic findings and out- come at the final follow-up time. Overall excellent or good results were ac.hieved in 22 knees (67%) and the preoperative radiographic findings correlated with the outcome at the final follow-up time. But the results in the meniscectomy and non-meniscectomy poups showed no significant differences statistically. We believe that arthroscopic debridement is an effective option of treatments for mild I:o moderate degenerative arthritis of the knee after failure of conservative measures.
Classification ; Debridement* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Retrospective Studies

Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) with a lag screw that is shaped like a spiral blade shape is an orthopedic implant to fix trochanteric fractures of the proximal femur. In addition the reason of the biomechanical advantages, PFNA widely been used recently. We report an 83-year-old man with excessive sliding of the helical blade and a femoral neck fracture after AO/OTA type A2 intertrochanteric fracture, which was fixed with a PFNA.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hip Fractures ; Nails ; Orthopedics

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome, a concurrence of disturbed glucose and insulin metabolism, over- weight and abdominal fat distribution, dyslipidemia and hypertension, is associated with subsequent de- velopment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and coronary heart disease in elderly greater than 65 years old. METHODS: Eighty two elderly patients greater than 65 years old who underwent coronary angiography were divided into two groups with metabolic syndrome or without metabolic syndrome, and assessed the association with coronary angiographic finding. The metabolic syndrome factors and cardiovascular risk factors of JNC 7 were investigated to assess the relationship with coronary heart disease in elderly. Coronary heart disease was defined as 50% or greater diameter in stenosis of coronary artery in coronary angiography. RESULTS: In elderly patients with metabolic syndrome, coronary angiographically abnormal findings(p<0.05) and multi vessel disease findings(p<0.05) were presented significantly higher than non metabolic syndrome patients. In elderly patients with 3 and more cardiovascular risk factors of JNC 7, coronary angiographically abnormal findings(p<0.05) and multi vessel disease findings(p=0.059) were presented more than the other patients. Diabetes mellitus was related significantly with coronary heart disease(p value 0.044). CONCLUSION: In elderly patients, metabolic syndrome was significantly related with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus had strong relationship with coronary heart disease. Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors of JNC 7 should be further evaluated to assess the relationship with coronary heart disease in the future.
Abdominal Fat ; Aged* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Disease* ; Coronary Vessels ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Dyslipidemias ; Glucose ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Metabolism ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The usefulness and radiographic findings of the angiography in cerebral infarction are well known. We attempted to evaluate the anglographic causes, findings, and the usefulness of DSA in cerebral infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors reviewed retrospectively DSA images of 51 patients who were diagnosed as having cerebral infarction by brain CT and/or MRI and clinical settings. DSA was performed in all 51 patients, and in 3 patients, conventional anglogram was also done. Both carotid DSA images were obtained in AP, lateral, oblique projections, and one or both vertebral DSA images in AP and lateral. The authors reviewed the patient's charts for symptoms, operative findings and final diagnosis, and analysed DSA findings of cerebral atherosclerosis with focus on 6 major cerebral arteries. RESULTS: Among the 51 patients of cerebral infarction 43 patients(84.3%) had cerebral atherosclerosis, 1 dissecting aneurysm, 1 moyamoya disease and 6 negative in anglogram. DSA findings of cerebral atherosclerosis were multiple narrowings in 42 patients(97,7%), tortuosity in 22(51.2%), dilatation in 14, occlusion in 12, avascular region in 8, collaterals in 7, ulcer in 6, and delayed washout of contrast media in 3. In cerebral atherosclerosis, internal carotid artery was involved in 37 patients(86.0%), middle cerebral artery in 29(67.4%), posterior cerebral artery in 28, anterior cerebral artery in 26, vertebral artery in 22, and basilar artery in 15. Intracranial involvement of cerebral atherosclerosis (64.9%) was more common than extracranial involvement(16.2%). CONCLUSION: In cerebral infarction MRA may be the screening test, but for more precise evaluation of vascular abnormality and its extent, DSA should be considered.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; Angiography ; Angiography, Digital Subtraction* ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Basilar Artery ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Arteries ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Humans ; Intracranial Arteriosclerosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mass Screening ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Moyamoya Disease ; Posterior Cerebral Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Ulcer ; Vertebral Artery

We treated 8 patients with large pituitary adenomas(4 females, 4 males) with bromocriptine. In all patients the level of prolactin was decreased to within the normal range and in most patients the size of tumor was decreased remarkably, high cure rate of large pituitary tumor fallowing operation after pretreated bromocriptine was obtained.
Bromocriptine* ; Female ; Humans ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Prolactin ; Reference Values

We made a mistake in our recently published article.

PURPOSE: Sleep deprivation may exert many negative effects on hippocampus-dependent cognitive function, such as learning and memory. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of repetitive sleep deprivation on cognition, apoptotic neuronal cell death, and cell proliferation in the hippocampus, using mice. METHODS: To induce sleep deprivation, mice were placed in a water cage containing six platforms (3 cm in diameter), surrounded by water up to 1 cm beneath the surface of the platform for 24 h. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=20 in each group): control group, 24 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group, 48 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group, and 72 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group. This cycle was continued for 36 days. Novel objective recognition test and immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), western blot for expression of Bax, Bcl-2, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and caspase-3 were performed. RESULTS: Results of the novel objective recognition test showed decreased cognition in the 24 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group, while a similar effect was observed in other groups, compared to the control group. Increased cell proliferation and enhanced expression of BDNF and Bax protein were observed in the 24 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group and the 48 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group, compared to the control group. Expression of Bcl-2 showed a decrease in the 24 h and 48 h rest groups, compared to the control group. Expression of caspase-3 in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus showed a significant increase in the 24 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group and in the 48 h rest after 24 h sleep deprivation group, compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study indicate that insufficient rest after sleep deprivation may induce impairment of cognitive function. After sleep deprivation, at least 72 hr of rest time is needed for recovery.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; Blotting, Western ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Caspase 3 ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cognition ; Dentate Gyrus ; Hippocampus ; Immunohistochemistry ; Learning ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mice ; Neurons ; Sleep Deprivation ; Water

PURPOSE: To describe plain radiographic and thin-section CT findings of hematogenous candida pneumonia in major burn patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed nine cases of hematogenous candida pneumonia in major burn patients who had positive blood culture for candida and findings of pneumonia on plain chest radiograph. On five of nine cases, thin-section CT was done. We evaluated retrospectively nine cases for onset, the pattern, distribution, and size of lesions on plain chest radiograph and thin-section CT. RESULTS: On plain chest radiograph, randomly distributed 2-10mm nodules were seen in six cases(66%) and randomly distributed 10-15mm consolidations in remaining three cases{33% ). Lesion occured in 11th to 75th post-burn day{average, 34th post-burn day). Other findings were cardiomegaly in three cases, atelectasis in three cases, and pulmonary edema in one case. Thin-section CT showed variable shaped subpleural nodules in all five cases. The size of nodules were 1-5mm in two cases(40%) and 5-10mm(60% ) in three cases. Feeding vessel signs were seen in two cases. Other findings were atelectasis in three cases, cardiomegaly in three cases, ground-glass opacity and interlobular septal thickenings by pulmonary edema in two cases. CONCLUSION: Plain chest radiographic findings of hematogenous candida pneumonia in major burn patients are randomly distributed nodules or consolidations of variable size. Thin-section CT findings are variable shaped subpleural nodules less than 1 cm.
Burns* ; Candida* ; Cardiomegaly ; Humans ; Pneumonia* ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax*

Necrotizing fasciitis is one of the few true emergencies in orthopedic surgery that has a very high mortality rate unless recognized promptly and treated aggressively. The authors report a case of a patient with necrotizing fasciitis on the thigh that developed secondary to an unrecognized rectal cancer perforation through the short external rotator muscles. Clinicians should always be alert to the potential that rectal cancer perforations can cause necrotizing fasciitis in rare cases.
Emergencies ; Fasciitis ; Fasciitis, Necrotizing ; Humans ; Muscles ; Orthopedics ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Thigh

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference in blood loss between two injection methods, intravenous (IV) and intra-articular (IA) methods via drain tube. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 183 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty between October 2013 and March 2016 were included. The method of tranexamic acid (TXA) administration was intravenously injected before August 2015, and it was applied thereafter to the joint through a drainage tube post intra-articular suture. Our subjects were divided into the following groups: The intravenous unilateral (IVU), intravenous bilateral (IVB), intra-articular unilateral (IAU), and intra-articular bilateral (IAB) groups. Hemoglobin and hematocrit, drainage amount, transfusion frequency, mean transfusion volume, and blood loss, as well as complications were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Drainage amount was 558.08±296.29 ml in IVU, and 498.39±199.70 ml in IAU; there was less drainage in IAU than in IVU, but without significance (p=0.262). Moreover, the drainage amount was 1,110.39±396.23 ml in IVB and 827.14±282.47 ml in IAB, which was significantly lower in IAB (p=0.000). Transfusion frequency was 5 patients (10.0%) in IVU and 2 patients (4.5%) in IAU, but without significant difference (p=0.442). Moreover, the frequency was 16 patients (29.6%) in IVB and 1 patient (2.9%) in IAB, which was significantly lower in the IAB group (p=0.002). Mean transfusion volume was 44.80±144.71 ml in IVU and 21.80±106.86 ml in IAU, but without significant difference (p=0.389); the volume was 177.80±321.00 ml in IVB and 18.30±108.18 ml in IAB, with statistical significance (p=0.001). Blood loss was 1,318.70±724.20 ml in IVU and 963.28±454.03 ml in IAU, which was significantly lower in the IAU (p=0.006); blood loss was 1,837.40±699.70 ml in IVB, and 1,337.60±382.20 ml in IAB and it was significantly lower in IAB (p=0.000). Complications included deep vein thrombosis in one case in IVU. CONCLUSION: In TKA, IA injection of TXA significantly reduced blood loss compared with IV injection, especially in bilateral TKA.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee* ; Blood Transfusion ; Drainage ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Joints ; Methods ; Sutures ; Tranexamic Acid* ; Venous Thrombosis