There are many herbs used in the treatment of dermatophytosis as home medicine and Castanea crenata Flos (C.C.F.) is one of that used in Kyung gi-do district. With that regard we tried to examine in vitro antifungal activity of the C.C.F. with its water extract and alcohol extract as the test materials. Until now many authors have studied the antifungal activity with several plant extracts, as like the alcohol extracts of Zanthoxylum piperatum Fructus and Berberis Korea palibin or Fennel oil, and reported that these plant extrscts or essential oiI have good antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo. On that they said that the principal fractions those have strong fungistatic activity were all alikely the fatty acids chemically similar with the well known undecylenic acid. At this in vitro experiment the extracts of C.C.F. were diluted. serially in the Sabourauds dextrose agar and certain portions of fungi (the strains of Trichophyton (Tr.) mentagrophytes and Tr. rubrum) were transplanted into each medium containing different concentrations of test materials then observed its growth for 2 weeks at room temperature. After that we measured the sizes of colony grown in various conditions and compired with that of the normal medium to determine the fungistatic effectiveness. As the result, in the view of the colony sizes, Tr. mentagrophytes and Tr. rubrum equally revealed marked inhibition of its growth only in the media with water extract over the concentration of 10mg/ml in the mediurn, and the critical fungistatic dilution was 20 mg/ml. We could not identified the principal fraction in the water extract of C.C.F.which exhibited antifungal activity. In the comparison of the critical fungistatic dilution with the alcohol extract of Zanthoxylum piperaturn Fructus and Fennel oil, water extract of C.C.F. required tenfold higher concentration for the same effect. However in regarding the utilizing habits of C.C.F. in horne medicine, as topical wet dressing with water boiled solution, we might expect its effect practically. iVow there are problems to be investigated about the chemical natures and physical properties of the C.C.F. and for the antifungal fractions of it, in addition further in vivo study we thought would be interesting.
Agar ; Animals ; Bandages ; Berberis ; Fatty Acids ; Foeniculum ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Horns ; Korea ; Plant Extracts ; Plants ; Tinea ; Trichophyton ; Water ; Zanthoxylum

Two cases of Weber-Christian disease are reported. This very rare disease, we had two another reports of case sincc last ten years in The Korean Journal of Dermatology. In our cases both patients are seventeen years old girls and have the histories of remissions and exacerbations for two to three years. The skin lesions of subcutaneous nodules are scattered on the trunk, extremities and even to the hand dorsurns, with the atrophic depressions. Histologic features are typical with faormy histiocytes in the subcutaneous fat tissue. On tne treatments these patients are given oral corticosteroid, antihistaminics and salicylate with some improvments.
Depression ; Dermatology ; Extremities ; Female ; Hand ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative* ; Rare Diseases ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Humans ; Periodicals* ; Suicide*

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Encephalitis* ; Female* ; Humans

During the last one year. 23 selected cases of various glaucomatous eyes were received trabeculectom y ab extemo (5 X 3mm scleral-flap with a large peripheral iridectomy and only two scleral-flap corners sutures) under surgical microscope. Success cases which were controlled ocular tension to normal are 21 eyes(91.3%) out of total 23 glaucomatous eyes. Especially, all 11 eyes of simple open angle glaucoma were obtained excellent normotension after trabeculectomy, But one case of absolute glaucoma was failed because of vitreous prolapse, and another failed case was in group of acute closed glaucoma due to surgical complication of total hyphema(Table 1, 2).
Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridectomy ; Prolapse ; Trabeculectomy*

Econazole is one of the new imidazole derivatives displaying antifungal and antibacterial properties in vitro and in vivo. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Econazole in patients with dermatomycoses anl to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration in vitro. A total of 48 patients with various forrns of dermatomycoses(25 patienta with T. cruris, 13 with T. pedis, l with T. corporis, 4 with T. versicolor and 5 with candidiasis) entered this study at the Departement of Dermatology, University Hospital, College of Medicine, Seoul National University during 3 months period. from July to September, 1976. Dia,gnosis was established clinically as well as microscopically by direct KOH mount. All patients were instructed to apply 1:o Econazole solution two to three times daily on the affected area for four to seven weeks and weekly examination of the clinical lesions and direct KOH mount were performed. In addition, minimal inhibitory concentration for Trichophyton mentagrophy tes was determined by the modified dilution technique in vitro. The results were as follows. 1. Thirty five patients (72. 9F) were cured clinically and microscopieally and thc remainders showed marked clinical improvement but positive KOH mount at 4 th week of treatment. At 7th week, nine (18.8io) of the remainders were cured clinically and microscopically and the overall cure rate at 7th week was 91. 7%. Five patients with tinea cruris experienced trar.sient irritation derrnatitis on their crural regions. 2. The minimal inhibitory coriceritration of Econazole for Trichophyton mentagrophytes was 25 pg per ml. of medium. The authors concluded that the 1 i Econazole was highly effective in the treatment of superficial rnycoses and the side effects were rninimal and only transient.
Dermatology ; Dermatomycoses* ; Dronabinol ; Econazole* ; Humans ; Indicator Dilution Techniques ; Seoul ; Tinea ; Trichophyton

As the productive activities have vastly increased following industrialization and urbanization in the modem society, the resulting high mobility of people and goods have caused a sharp increase in the accidents in the work places as well as traffic accidents. In particular, deaths caused by injuries are generally concentrated in the economically active young peoples, producing incalculable losses to the society and nation as a whole. Advanced nations with superior medical care systems have succeeded in reducing incidents of such deaths by operating trauma centers. Especially noteworthy is the case of the United States where such specialized trauma centers have greatly contributed to reducing deaths from injuries in the non-urban areas with less access to medical facilities. At present Korea has no medical centers specializing in injuries. In large cities, the injuries are being treated tertiary medical facilities while in the provinces they are referred to small and medium-sized hospitals that constitute secondary medical facilities. Currently in Korea the Trauma patients are treated at general hospitals that consist of 726 secondary medical facilities and 40 tertiary medical centers nationwide. The secondary medical facilities which tend to take most responsibility for the treatment of trauma are generally deficient in medical staff and facilities (including operating and intensive care facilities). Despite such deficiency and limitations, no regulations exist regarding treatment or transportation of trauma patients. This article reports the outcome of a comparative analysis of the results of trauma treatments among different types of medical facilities based on objective data in the hope that such study would facilitate a comparison with the treatment systems of advanced countries and thereby contribute to a precise formulation of problems that must be addressed in this area.
Accidents, Traffic ; Hope ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Korea ; Medical Staff ; Modems ; Social Control, Formal ; Transportation ; Trauma Centers ; United States ; Urbanization ; Workplace ; Industrial Development

BACKGROUND: Resuscitation has become an important multidisciplinary branch of medicine, demanding a spectrum of skills and attracting a plethora of specialities and organizations. But we do not know the true effectiveness of resuscitation. Studies originated from different settings and have different patient population. These differences prevent valid interhospital and international comparisons. There are no guidelines for reviewing, reporting, conducting research on resuscitation in Korea. To develop these guidelines, we research on resuscitation in emergency department. METHODS: Seventy eight patients were retrospectively reviewed, who confirmed cardiac arrest in Emergency Department of Korea University Hospital from May, 1997 to February, 1999. Of 78 patients, 8 were excluded due to declare "DNR(do not resuscitation)". Parameters analyzed were age, sex, place arrested, collapse to start of CPR, collapse to first dose epinephrine, collapse to first defibrillation shock, collapse to advanced airway, collapse to stop of CPR interval, cause of arrest, arrest witnessed, initial rhythm, ROSC(return of spontaneous circulation), and discharged alive. We used reporting form based on "Utstein Style ". RESULT: Of 78 patients, the mean age was 58 years old. Thirty four patients were arrested out of hospital. The mean age was 48.74 +/-21.3 years old, mean CPR time 33.00 +/-17.8min. Percent successfully resuscitated was 41.2%(14/34), percent survival from the arrest to at least 24hours 8.8%(3/34), percent survival from arrest to discharge 2.9%. Number of cardiac etiology was 12(35.2%), witnessed arrest 28(82.3%), ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia 1(2.9%) and its percent successfully resuscitated 25%, 42.8%, 0%, respectively. Forty four patients were arrested in emergency department, 8 were excluded due to declare "DNR(do not resuscitation )". The mean age was 61.72 +/-12.9 years. Percent successfully resuscitated was 58.3%(21/36), percent survival from the arrest to at least 24hours 27.8%(10/36), percent survival from arrest to discharge 25.0%(9/36). The mean CPR time in patients of ROSC was 19.81 +/-22.3 minute, and shorter than non-ROSC( p>0.05). Patients discharged alive had shorter interval of each event(collapse to start of CPR, 1.78 +/- 1.5min, to first defibrillation, 2.29 +/-1.3min, to first dose epinephrine 2.67 +/-3.8, to stop of CPR, 11.56 +/- 17.6min) than patients died in hospital(p<0.05). Number of cardiac etiology was 18(50.0%), monitored arrest 30(83.3%), ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia 12(33.9%) and its percent successfully resuscitated 61.1%, 53.3%, 83.3%, and its percent survival from arrest to discharge 33.3%, 23.3%, 58.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial rhythm of patients discharged alive was mainly ventricular defibrillation and tachycardia(89%). Early patient access and defibrillation are essential to resuscitation. Develope EMS is needed to improve outcome of resuscitation and standard guideline for resuscitation is needed for medical control.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Tachycardia ; Ventricular Fibrillation

No abstract available.
Pemphigoid, Bullous*