There are many herbs used in the treatment of dermatophytosis as home medicine and Castanea crenata Flos (C.C.F.) is one of that used in Kyung gi-do district. With that regard we tried to examine in vitro antifungal activity of the C.C.F. with its water extract and alcohol extract as the test materials. Until now many authors have studied the antifungal activity with several plant extracts, as like the alcohol extracts of Zanthoxylum piperatum Fructus and Berberis Korea palibin or Fennel oil, and reported that these plant extrscts or essential oiI have good antifungal activities in vitro and in vivo. On that they said that the principal fractions those have strong fungistatic activity were all alikely the fatty acids chemically similar with the well known undecylenic acid. At this in vitro experiment the extracts of C.C.F. were diluted. serially in the Sabourauds dextrose agar and certain portions of fungi (the strains of Trichophyton (Tr.) mentagrophytes and Tr. rubrum) were transplanted into each medium containing different concentrations of test materials then observed its growth for 2 weeks at room temperature. After that we measured the sizes of colony grown in various conditions and compired with that of the normal medium to determine the fungistatic effectiveness. As the result, in the view of the colony sizes, Tr. mentagrophytes and Tr. rubrum equally revealed marked inhibition of its growth only in the media with water extract over the concentration of 10mg/ml in the mediurn, and the critical fungistatic dilution was 20 mg/ml. We could not identified the principal fraction in the water extract of C.C.F.which exhibited antifungal activity. In the comparison of the critical fungistatic dilution with the alcohol extract of Zanthoxylum piperaturn Fructus and Fennel oil, water extract of C.C.F. required tenfold higher concentration for the same effect. However in regarding the utilizing habits of C.C.F. in horne medicine, as topical wet dressing with water boiled solution, we might expect its effect practically. iVow there are problems to be investigated about the chemical natures and physical properties of the C.C.F. and for the antifungal fractions of it, in addition further in vivo study we thought would be interesting.
Agar ; Animals ; Bandages ; Berberis ; Fatty Acids ; Foeniculum ; Fungi ; Glucose ; Horns ; Korea ; Plant Extracts ; Plants ; Tinea ; Trichophyton ; Water ; Zanthoxylum

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Humans ; Periodicals* ; Suicide*

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Encephalitis* ; Female* ; Humans

Two cases of Weber-Christian disease are reported. This very rare disease, we had two another reports of case sincc last ten years in The Korean Journal of Dermatology. In our cases both patients are seventeen years old girls and have the histories of remissions and exacerbations for two to three years. The skin lesions of subcutaneous nodules are scattered on the trunk, extremities and even to the hand dorsurns, with the atrophic depressions. Histologic features are typical with faormy histiocytes in the subcutaneous fat tissue. On tne treatments these patients are given oral corticosteroid, antihistaminics and salicylate with some improvments.
Depression ; Dermatology ; Extremities ; Female ; Hand ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Panniculitis, Nodular Nonsuppurative* ; Rare Diseases ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat

No abstract available.
Basal Ganglia* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Resuscitation has become an important multidisciplinary branch of medicine, demanding a spectrum of skills and attracting a plethora of specialities and organizations. But we do not know the true effectiveness of resuscitation. Studies originated from different settings and have different patient population. These differences prevent valid interhospital and international comparisons. There are no guidelines for reviewing, reporting, conducting research on resuscitation in Korea. To develop these guidelines, we research on resuscitation in emergency department. METHODS: Seventy eight patients were retrospectively reviewed, who confirmed cardiac arrest in Emergency Department of Korea University Hospital from May, 1997 to February, 1999. Of 78 patients, 8 were excluded due to declare "DNR(do not resuscitation)". Parameters analyzed were age, sex, place arrested, collapse to start of CPR, collapse to first dose epinephrine, collapse to first defibrillation shock, collapse to advanced airway, collapse to stop of CPR interval, cause of arrest, arrest witnessed, initial rhythm, ROSC(return of spontaneous circulation), and discharged alive. We used reporting form based on "Utstein Style ". RESULT: Of 78 patients, the mean age was 58 years old. Thirty four patients were arrested out of hospital. The mean age was 48.74 +/-21.3 years old, mean CPR time 33.00 +/-17.8min. Percent successfully resuscitated was 41.2%(14/34), percent survival from the arrest to at least 24hours 8.8%(3/34), percent survival from arrest to discharge 2.9%. Number of cardiac etiology was 12(35.2%), witnessed arrest 28(82.3%), ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia 1(2.9%) and its percent successfully resuscitated 25%, 42.8%, 0%, respectively. Forty four patients were arrested in emergency department, 8 were excluded due to declare "DNR(do not resuscitation )". The mean age was 61.72 +/-12.9 years. Percent successfully resuscitated was 58.3%(21/36), percent survival from the arrest to at least 24hours 27.8%(10/36), percent survival from arrest to discharge 25.0%(9/36). The mean CPR time in patients of ROSC was 19.81 +/-22.3 minute, and shorter than non-ROSC( p>0.05). Patients discharged alive had shorter interval of each event(collapse to start of CPR, 1.78 +/- 1.5min, to first defibrillation, 2.29 +/-1.3min, to first dose epinephrine 2.67 +/-3.8, to stop of CPR, 11.56 +/- 17.6min) than patients died in hospital(p<0.05). Number of cardiac etiology was 18(50.0%), monitored arrest 30(83.3%), ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia 12(33.9%) and its percent successfully resuscitated 61.1%, 53.3%, 83.3%, and its percent survival from arrest to discharge 33.3%, 23.3%, 58.3% respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial rhythm of patients discharged alive was mainly ventricular defibrillation and tachycardia(89%). Early patient access and defibrillation are essential to resuscitation. Develope EMS is needed to improve outcome of resuscitation and standard guideline for resuscitation is needed for medical control.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Tachycardia ; Ventricular Fibrillation

BACKGROUND: We studied the incidence of trauma caused by alcohol related accidents, and the effects that has on the occurrence, the extent, and the outcome to the patient. METHODS: In our study we studied trauma patients excluding pediatric patients(15 years old and under) who came to the Emergency department of Korea University Medical School Anam Hospital from the 1st of january 1996 to 30th of June 1996, looked into their medical records, and studied the records in a retrospective manner. The trauma patients were divided into two groups, a) alcohol-related and b) alcohol-non-related. The two groups were then subdivided according to their sex, age, the time they came in, the anatomical part of the trauma, the mechanism of their injury, the extent of the injury, the length of their hospital stay, the length of their ED stay and were seperately compared and analysed. Statistically, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis using SAS were used in the study and then was assessed in Chi-square analysis methods. RESULTS: The total of the trauma patients, added up to 832 people, 577: male and 255: female. Among this sum, 16 trauma patients were alcohol related(male:127 & female 36). 115 people were in the age group of 21-40. Compared to the non-alcohol related trauma group, the alcohol-related group had more facial & scalp injuries and tended to come in the hours between 0-6 AM. The cause of the injuries were mossy by fast-fighting and suicide, compared to mostly accidental-slipping injuries in the non alcohol-related group. There were no difference in the degree of the injury(ISS) and the length of hospital stay between the two groups, whereas the length of the stay at the ED was longer alcohol-related trauma patients. CONCLUSION: Alcohol related trauma patients were mostly in their 20s and 30s, came to the hospital at a late time it the reason for their visit were mossy because of fist fighting. In the Emergency department, because prompt and correct diagnosis is quite difficult to make in this group, their ED stay tended to be longer. We can conclude that measuring the blood alcohol level of these patients, continuing the psychological therapy and educating people is needed.
Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Scalp ; Schools, Medical ; Suicide

No abstract available.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Statistics as Topic*

STUDY OBJECT: To date, the study of critical illness in the emergency department has been limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the length of stay and procedures performed on critical care patient in ED, and to be help to establish Emergency physicians' education program. METHOD: We reviewed patient's medical record, who visited ED, Korea Univ. Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Jun. 1996 and admitted to ICU. We analyzed data to age, sex, clinical diagnosis, length of stay, and critical procedures in ED. RESULTS: The 12,721 patients visited ED during the study period, the 441 of 12,721 (3.50%) patients admitted to ICU. 56 patients were excluded whose medical re cords were incomplete. The study populations consisted of 165 women and 220 men. The mean age were 52 year old (median,58 year old). The mean length of stays were 606.1 (1445.9 minutes (median, 180 minutes)). One hundred sixty one of these patients (41.8 %) received one or more critical procedures. The medical critical patients were 252 cases, and surgical critical patients were 133 cases. The mean length of stay of medical critical patients was 738.8 (1748.9 minutes (median, 177.5 minutes)) in medical department,44.0% of them received critical procedures in ED. The surgical critical patients averaged 354.9 (410.7 minutes (median, 190 minutes)) and 37.6% received critical procedures. CONCLUSION: Critical ill patients stay in the ED with a substantial amount of time, before addition to the ICU. Critical ill patients who have hemodynamiccal unstable conditions, compromised cardiopulmonary functions, and neurologic deficities, were managed in ED frequently. Typical critical care procedures are commonly performed by emergency physicians. Therefore, it is important for emergency physician to prepare to critical ill patients.
Critical Care* ; Critical Illness ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Medical Records ; Middle Aged