The clinical and statistical review were carried out with 92 cases of herpetic keratitis at the Dept. of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College from Jan. 1974 to Aug. 1976. The results were as follow: 1. Herpetic keratitis was most prevalent at the age of 30's and least at those under 10 and 60'. 2. Male and female ratio was about 3 : 1 but the ratio under the age of 20 was even. 3. The most epidemic season was from March to June, amounting to about 56.5% of the total, and exhaustion was the most significant predisposing factor. 4. The simple type of herpetic keratitis was 45 cases (48.9%) of the total while the complicated type was 47 cases(51.1%). Four fifth of simple type was dendritic keratitis with 36cases (39.1%) and disciform keratitis was most frequent among the complicated type with 20 cases (21.7%). 5. Involvement was even between left and right eyes. 80% of binocular cases was primarily involved at the age of over 20's. Among binocular cases, both eyes showed similar signs and course. 6. Vision in the early stage depends on the location of keratitis invloved. Twenty two out of twenty three cases with duration over 3 years displayed and obvious decreased vision less than 0.1 which implied that the longer the duration is, the more evident the disturbance in vIsion is. 7. In 30 cases the effect of 5-ido-2'-deoxyuridine (I.D.U.) was excellent while there was no effective response to the 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (I.D.U.) in 29 cases. In cases resistant against I.D.U., cryotherapy and keratoplasty proved to be very effective.
Causality ; Corneal Transplantation ; Cryotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Idoxuridine ; Keratitis* ; Keratitis, Dendritic ; Keratitis, Herpetic ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Seasons ; Telescopes

Authors presented the clinical review and evaluated the therapeutic response to 20 eyes of filamentary keratitis observed at the Department of Ophthalmology, St. Mary's Hospital for last 3 years. 1. The filaments disappeared within 2 days in 11 eyes by mechanical debriment with 0.5% C-M eyedrops, tear substitutes and prednisolone eye drops. 2. 4 of 20 eyes showed disappearance of the filaments within 3 days by the subconjunctival tathion injection combined with instillation of tathion eye drops. 3. For one eye which was resistant to the above therapy treated with continuous wearing of the B and L soft contact lens. In this case the filaments reduced in number from one day and completely disappeared after 6 days' wearing of soft contact lens. Patient discontinued the wearing of soft contact lens one week after. No epithelial filaments have appeared after discontinuance in wearing of the soft contact lens one week later.
Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic ; Humans ; Keratitis* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Ophthalmology ; Prednisolone

This study is based on the results of cryo-extraction of the lens in 123 eyes(98 cases) which were operated in Chosun University Hospital between Jan. 1979 and Feb. 1981. The results are summarized as follow: 1. The cryo-extraction have been done for 41 males and 57 females of the 98 patients. 2. The incidences of complication during operation were capsule rupture (5.7%), vitreous loss (4.9%), iris prolapse (1.6%). 3. The incidences of early postoperative complication were hyphema (12.1%). updra wn pupil (8.9%), corneal edema (6.5%), flat anterior chamber (4.9%). 4. The incidences of late postoperative complication were vitreous bulging (5.7%), vitreous opacity (4%), glaucoma(2.4%), uveitis (0.8%), retinal detachment (0.8%). 5. The ccrrected visual acuities before discharge of hospital were: more than 0.5 ... 39.0% (48 eyes), 0.1-0.4 ... 48.8% (60 eyes), less than 0.1 ... 12.2% (15 eyes). 6. The major causes of visual acuity less than 0.1 were vitreous opacity (33.4%), secondary glaucoma (20%), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (20%), corneal opacity (13.4%), retinal degeneration (13.3%).
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract* ; Corneal Edema ; Corneal Opacity ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hyphema ; Incidence ; Iris ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; Prolapse ; Pupil ; Retinal Degeneration ; Retinal Detachment ; Rupture ; Uveitis ; Visual Acuity

Ocusert pilo-20 and pilo-40 are soft, flexible plastic devices, sized 13 X 5.7 X 0.3mm in pilo-20, and were inserted under lower or upper conjunctival fornices that gradually released pilocarpine in constant zero-order delivery rate for 7 days. A group of 11 patients(15 eyes) with simple open-angle gloucoma was selected for this study. 1. The Ocusert pilocarpine delivery system could be used effectively in simple open angl glaucoma patients who require lifelong instillation of pilocarpine. 2. The Ocusert system is released constantly the pilocarpine with round the clock intraocular pressure control for 7 days period. 3. After removal of the Ocusert after 7 days. intraocular pressure has gradually increased again after one day's interval. 4. While the Ocusert pilo-40 is placing into the conjunctival fornix, maximum reduction of intraocular pressure was under 20mmHg then the cases of high intraocular pressure over 40mmHg are not effective with single use of the ocusert. 5. Significant side-effect about the ocusert was not observed, only wild foreign body sensation in early time and occassional misplacement or moving of the Ocusert into deep space of upper conjunctival fornix, which is difficult to removal out are observed.
Foreign Bodies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Pilocarpine* ; Plastics ; Sensation

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical data and short-term treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on an outpatient setting. METHODS: A group of patients with OCD underwent mean 12-weeks treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The patients were divided into two groups according to treatment response, defined as a reduction of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score >35% and CGI of 1 or 2. RESULTS: 1) Among the 249 patients, 24.1% had checking type and 23.7% washing type. Among these two types, 31.9% had mood disorder, 15.0% had anxiety disorder and 24.5% personality disorder as co-morbidity. One hundred fourteen patients (45.8%) responded to the treatment and 135 (54.2%) did not. The responders decreased Y-BOCS scores from 27.9+/-7.2 at baseline to 21.3+/-6.4 and 19.3+/-3.8 at post-treatment 8 and 12 weeks, respectively (repeated measure ANOVA, p=0.039). There were no differences among the treatment responses to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. CONCLUSION: About half of the OCD patients showed a response to pharmacological treatment using SSRI in the outpatient clinic setting for 12 weeks. Long-term and contrast studies of OCD may elucidate further clinical aspects of this disorder in the future.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anxiety Disorders ; Comorbidity ; Humans ; Mood Disorders ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Outpatients ; Personality Disorders ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

The authors developed a computerized electroencephalography imaging system with an IBM PC AT. The EEG signals amplified with a 16 channel EEG machine were digitized at 51.2 Hz (512 samples per epoch). The shifted DC potential and 60Hz artificats were removed by a high pass filter and 60Hz notch filter. A window function consisting of a 10% cosine taper was obtained by weighting the points at either end of the epoch by a cosine bell. A fast Fourier transform was applied to every epoch and the power spectrum estimates were computed in 0.39 Hz steps. The activity estimates for the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands were computed by summimg adjacent values. The outline of the top-down maps was formed from a series of sagittal cuts, then 32 electrodes were placed on the map. A file was created which contained a table of weighting parameters for calculating the interpolated values for every point within the outline. Each weight was in inverse linear proportion to the distance of the pixel to the nearest four electrodes. The map was finally generated with computation of the spectral EEG in each pixel according to the weighting parameter. The functioning of this system was tested with a functional generator and a human subject.
Brain Mapping/methods ; *Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Diagnostic Imaging ; *Electroencephalography ; Human ; *Microcomputers ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

OBJECTIVE: The definite causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are still unknown. Evidences from familial, twin and segregation studies support the role of a genetic component in the etiology of OCD. There are growing evidences that OCD has specific neurochemical and neuroanatomical basis. It has been shown that serotonergic neurons play the predominant pathophysiological role in OCD. Recently, it has also been proposed that neurotransmitters other than serotonin play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD, and a series of studies have provided evidence that dopamine is involved in some OCD patients. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the association between dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and OCD. METHODS: One hundred and fifteen OCD patients and 160 normal controls participated in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from their blood. The genotypes and allele frequencies of the DRD4 polymorphism between OCD group and control group were compared. OCD patients were classified into early onset group (age of onset <17) and late onset group (age of onset > or =17) according to their onset age and the genotype and allele frequency were compared between two groups. Using principal component analysis, we had already derived 4 factors from 13 main contents of YBOCS checklist in the previous study and in this study, we investigated the association between these three factors and DRD4 genotypes. RESULTS: In this case-control study, we could find that the L-genotype frequencies of DRD4 were significantly higher in OCD than in normal control groups (chi2 test, p=0.04). There were no difference in genotype frequencies between early onset OCD group and late onset OCD group. In OCD group, patients with L-genotype had higher scores for the religious/somatic factor than the other groups (t test, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The L-genotype of DRD4 may have negative effects on the development of OCD and religious/somatic factor of the obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Age of Onset ; Case-Control Studies ; Checklist ; DNA ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Dopamine* ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Principal Component Analysis ; Receptors, Dopamine* ; Serotonergic Neurons ; Serotonin

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative blood flow differences of brain regions between first-episode schizophrenic patients and normal controls and the relationships between these regions and the changes of psychopathology scores, the treatment response, after serotonin dopamine antagonist (SDA) risperidone treatment. Another purpose of this study was to investigate SPECT relative blood flow index as the treatment response predictor of SDA treatment under control of the influences of homovanillic acid (HVA). We hypothesize that there is differences in the brain blood flows examined by SPECT between first-episode schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Relative blood flow index examined by SPECT will be the response predictors of SDA treatment of schizophrenia under control of influences of metabolites. METHODS: The relative blood flows of seventeen first-episode schizophrenic patients and ten normal controls were examined by 99m-Tc ECD SPECT before drug treatment. The patients group was treated for 6 weeks with SDA. The psychopathology was assessed at baseline just before SDA trial and then at 2 weeks and 6 weeks after SDA treatment. At the same time plasma HVA was evaluated by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). RESULTS: The cerebral blood flow of first-episode schizophrenic patients was decreased in thalamus and left basal ganglia and the relative blood flow index of schizophrenic patient's left thalamus was significant therapeutic predictor of SDA treatment of positive symptoms under control of the HVA influnences. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the relative blood flow examined by SPECT will be a therapeutic index of SDA treatment in schizophrenia.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dopamine ; Homovanillic Acid* ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Psychopathology* ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin ; Thalamus ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Ventricular arrhythmia is known as a major cause of sudden death in patients with heart disease, especially in patients with myocardial infarct. Programmed electrical stimulation (PES) is used in order to identify patients with high risk of ventricular arrhythmia, but it is invasive. So ventricular late potential is studied, which can be performed safely. Ventricular late potential was measured in the 65 normal subjects, 17 patients with in-hospital period acute myocardial infarction and 29 patients with old myocardial infarction using signal-averaged high resolution EKG, Mac-15. The positive criteria of ventricular late potential was one of the following : The duration of TQRS is more than 120 msec, or the amplitude of RMS is less than 25microV, or the duration of LP 40 is more than 40 msec. The results are as follows : 1) Among 65 normal subjects(male ; 33, female ; 32), total QRS duration(TQRS)was 103.9+/-8.3msec(mean S.D), terminal 40msec root mean square amplitude(RMS) 47.8+/-24.3uV and terminal 40msec mean amplitude was 32.5+/-15.4uV. Variables of ventricular late potential showed no significant difference by age. 10 subjects showed positive ventricular late potential. 2) Among 17 patients with in-hospital period myocardial infarction, there was no significant difference in variables of ventricular late potential between patients with ventricular arrhythmia(3 subject) and patients without ventricular arrhythmia(14 subjects). 3) Among 29 subjects with old myocardial infarction, TQRS showed significant differrence between patients with ventricular arrhythmia(3 subjects) and patients without ventricular arrhythmias(26 subjects). All of the patients with ventricular arrhythmia(100%) and 6 subjects(24%) of the patients without ventricular arrhythmia showed positive ventricular late potential, and the difference was significant statistically between groups(p value<0.05). This showed that ventricular late potential is helpful in predicting the risk of ventricular arrhythmia among patients with old myocardial infarction.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Death, Sudden ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction*

OBJECTIVE: Stress and elevated levels of glucocorticoids in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have been hypothesized to be associated with damage to the hippocampus. However the relationship between depression and hippocampal structure is unconfirmed. We investigated whether the chemical changes will occurr in the hippocampus of patients with MDD by using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and explored the clinical meanings of hippocampal metabolites. METHODS: Fourteen female, right-handed patients with major depressive disorder and 12 healthy controls (age, sex, education and their dextrality matched) were included. We measured variables of time course of illness, severity of illness, levels of NAA, Cho and Cr in both hippocampus using 1HMRS. In addition, we performed neuropsychological tests in depressed subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in the NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA between depressed and control subjects. In depressed subjects, significant negative correlations were observed between hippocampal NAA/Cr and duration of illness, duration of unmedication, severity of illness, respectively. Right hippocampal NAA/Cr was correlated with RCFT scores. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate damage to the hippocampus may not be a common feature in all depressed patients. However the results suggest that the illness burden and past treatment may influence hippocampal neurons and neuronal network in patients with MDD. Also, chemical changes in hippocampus may be associated with severity of illness and memory function.
Cost of Illness ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder, Major* ; Education ; Female* ; Glucocorticoids ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Memory ; Neurons ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Spectrum Analysis