No abstract available.
Osteotomy* ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Osteotomy* ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare fracture healing in normal and ovariectomized rat, and to evaluate the effect of intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone on fracture healing in osteopenic animal model, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-months-old mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly elivided into 5 groups. Group I underwent a sham operation, and others (Group II-V) were ovariectomized. At three months after ovariectomy or sham operation, standardized bilateral transverse tibial fractures were created and intramedullary nailings with Kirschner wire were performed. The rats were then treated with daily subcutaneous injection of placebo in Groups I and II, 17beta-estradiol in Group III, low doses of recombinant human PTH (1-84) in Group IV, and high doses of recombinant human PTH (1-84) in Group V for 4 weeks. At day 30 of post-fracture the animals were sacrificed and fracture healing was assessed with histologic/histomorphometric analysis and three-point bending mechanical testing. RESULTS: On histologic/histomorphometric evaluation of sham operation group, the fracture callus mainly consisted of dense trabecular bone. On the other hand, Groups II and III seemed to have much looser cancellous network, abundant in fibrous marrow. In parathyroid hormone-treated g roups, external callus consisted of more dense trabecular, woven bone than that of Groups II or III, and especially the high doses of parathyroid hormone-treated group was comparable to the sham operation group in terms of per cent trabecular bone volume (Group I>V>IV>III=II, P<0.05). Mechanical testing indicated that ultimate load was reduced in Group II and III compared to sham operated or parathyroid hormone-treated groups (Group I=V>IV>III=II, P<0.05). Other significant differences were the increase in absorbed energy at ultimate load of Groups I and V (Group I=V>IV=III=II, P<0.05), and increase in ultimate stress of Groups I and V (Group I=V>IV=II=III, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this study, it may be concluded that fracture healing is delayed in the ovariectomy-induced osteopenic rat model. Our experiment also showed dose-related stimulation of parathyroid hormone in the strength of fracture, and that antiresorptive agents such as estrogen had no effect. Further study is needed in large animal model, and attention should be focused on systemic/long-term effect of parathyroid hormone and its relationship with local growth factors in fracture healing.
Animals ; Bone Density Conservation Agents ; Bone Marrow ; Bony Callus ; Estrogens ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Fracture Healing* ; Hand ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Models, Animal ; Ovariectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibial Fractures

No abstract available.
Palate, Hard* ; Salivary Ducts* ; Salivary Glands, Minor*

In transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the necrotic superior anterior femoral head is rotated anteriorly around the longitudinal neck axis so that the weight bearing force is transferred to the intact posterior surface. The ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum on postoperative anteroposterior view of the hip roentgenograph is the most important indicator of the prognosis. During the period from December 1992 to June 1994, we treated 31 hips in 28 patients who were indicated for the anterior rotational osteotomy among the patients of osteoncrosis of the femoral head. Among the patients, male were 27 and female was one. Age distribution was from 13 to 62 years old and mean age was 44.3. According to the Ficat and Arlet classification, II A was most in number as 16 II B was 7 and III was 8. As their etiolgic factors, alcohol was most in number as 18, steroid was 3, idiopathic was 5 and trauma was 2. The mean rate of the intact area of the posterior part of the femoral head to the total articular surface on the preoperative lateral view of the hip roentgenograph was 41.8%. The mean ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight bearing surface of the acetabulum was 53.8% Fixation devices were screws or dynamic hip screw.
Acetabulum ; Age Distribution ; Classification ; Female ; Head* ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Osteonecrosis* ; Osteotomy* ; Prognosis ; Weight-Bearing

PURPOSE:This study was performed to investigate the status of cardiac structure and function and to assess their alterations after growth hormone(GH) treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency(GHD). METHODS:Interventricular septal thickness and left ventriclular posterior wall thickness, ejection fraction(EF), fractional shortening(FS), systolic time interval(STI) of left ventricle were measured by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography in sixteen children with GHD and age, sex matched sixteen children with GH normal short stature as control. The measure were done before GH treatment and at 6 and 12 months of GH treatment, respectively. RESULTS: 1)Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in GHD group was significantly thinner than that of control group(P<0.05). 2)Interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were increased with GH treatment from 10.4+/-1.7mm, 8.1+/-1.8mm before GH treatment to 11.0+/-0.9mm, 8.7+/-0.7mm and 11.2+/-1.7mm, 9.7+/-1.8mm at 6 and 12 months of GH treatment, respectively. The increment of left ventricular posterior wall thickness after 12 months GH treatment revealed statistic significance(P<0.05). 3)There was no significant alterations of EF, FS, STI of left ventricle after GH treatment at 6 months and 12 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular posterior wall thickness in GHD group was significantly thin compared to that of control group(P<0.05). GH treatment in GHD children for 12 months, resulted statistically significant increase(P<0.05) in posterior wall thickness. There is no evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after GH treatment. But we could not exclude the possibility of these alterations were induced by an increased overall body size and body surface area after GH treatment. To clarify the exact alterations of cardiac structures and function in children with GHD after GH treatment, long term follow-up studies should be necessary.
Body Size ; Body Surface Area ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Child* ; Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Hormone* ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the usefulness of intraoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) of pancreatic lesions in 30 patients. A conclusive diagnosis was done in 27 patients and the diagnoses of three patients were deferred. No complications followed the procedure. Based on histologic findings of the resected specimens in 20 cases and of cell blocks in 10 cases, the final diagnoses were adenocarcinoma in 19 cases, chronic pancreatitis in nine cases and tuberculosis in two cases. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 95%, 100% and 96% resepectively and there were no false positives. The smear of aspirate was stained with toluidine blue and examined by light microscope. The presence of there-dimensional clusters of disoriented cells and the increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio with large prominent nucleoli were the most helpful criteria for a diagnosis of malignancy in the pancreas. The intraoperative FNA of pancreatic lesions was considered as a simple, safe, and highly specific and sensitive tool in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. The intraoperative FNA can be recommended as the first tool of choice of intraoperative diagnostic procedure in lesions of the pancreas.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adenocarcinoma

No abstract available.
Pneumonia*

As the arthroscopic surgery of the knee joint has taken rapid strides recently, the knowledge of the structure and deveIopment of the joint are getting needed more and more. An embryological study about the development of the human knee joint was carried out using a total of 23 knees of human embryos. Serial sections of 23 embryos aged 5-8 postovulatory weeks (12-31 mm C.R.) and 3-dimensional reconstruction were examined. The embryos have been staged according to Carnegie's 'developmental stages'. The femur, tibia and fibula had begun to undergo chondrification by stage 18. The patella had commenced chondrification at stages 23. As the mesenchymal model began to chondrify, concomitant changes occurred in the region of the presumptive knee joint to create the interzone (stage 19-20). The following structures became condensed successively: patellar tendon (18-19), lateral collateral ligament and popliteus tendon (19-20), cruciate ligaments (20-22), meniscus (21-22). In summary, the differentiation from a generalized cellular blastema to a joint resembling the adult in form and arrangement occurred in only a relatively few days. By the end of the embryonic period proper (stage 23, 8 postovulatory weeks), all the elements of the knee joint were present in a form and arrangement closely resembling those of the adult. It seems that the embryological studies are more required to clarify the structures having many variants such as synovial plica, meniscus, and the development of the joint cavity through this study.
Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Embryonic Structures ; Femur ; Fibula ; Humans* ; Joints ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments ; Patella ; Patellar Ligament ; Tendons ; Tibia

No abstract available.