This study was designed to investigate the stress distribution of alveolar bone in case of en masse retraction with lingual K-loop archwire using the 3-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis followed by stress freezing process. Lingual K-loop archwire which had loop in 15mm height was used and activated by retraction force of 350gm per each side. The results were as follows: 1. Central incisor: As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both mesial and labial surfaces and the larger compressive stress was distributed at distal surface. As the closer side to root apex, the larger compressive stress was distributed at lingual surface. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 2. Lateral incisor: The tensile stress was distributed at the coronal side of mesial surface. The compressive stress was distributed at distal surface. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at labial surface. The tensile stress was distributed at coronal side and the compressive stress was distributed at apical side of lingual surface. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 3. Canine: The tensile stress was distributed at coronal side and the compressive stress was distributed at apical side of mesial surface. The tensile stress was distributed at distal surface. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both mesial and distal surfaces. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 4. Second premolar: The tensile stress was distributed at mesial surface. The compressive stress was distributed at coronal side and the tensile stress was distributed at apical side of distal surface. The compressive stress was distributed at coronal side of buccal surface. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at lingual surface. The compressive stress was distributed at root apex. 5. First molar: As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both mesial and distal surfaces. No stress was distributed at buccal surface and palatal root apex. As the closer side to crown, the larger tensile stress was distributed at both lingual surfaces. The compressive stress was distributed at buccal root apexes. 6. Second molar: The compressive stress was distributed at all root apexes. As the closer side to crown, the larger compressive stress was distributed at both mesial and lingual surfaces, and the larger tensile stress at both distal and buccal surfaces. Transverse bowing effect was observed in en-masse retraction with lingual K-loop archwire, however vertical bowing effect was not. Rather, reverse vertical bowing effect was developed.
Bicuspid ; Crowns ; Freezing ; Incisor ; Molar

Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental disease of bone in which the normal substance of the interior of the bone is replaced by fibro-osseous connective tissue. It exhibits varying degrees of osseous metaplasia histologically. Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia frequently affects the maxilla, frontal bone, and mandible. The nasal septum is rarely affected. There is only one reported case of fibrous dysplasia arising in the septum internationally. Hence, we report a case of fibrous dysplasia of the nasal septum with a review of literature.
Connective Tissue ; Frontal Bone ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Metaplasia ; Nasal Septum

The pulsatile tinnitus is characterized by a rhythmic sound that is synchronous with the patient's heart beat. Accurate diagnosis is imperative, because in many patients, a treatable underlying etiology can be identified. Sigmoid sinus diverticulum is known to be one of the treatable causes of venous pulsatile tinnitus, but rarely reported in the literature. We experienced a case of sigmoid sinus diverticulum in a 58-year-old female presenting a pulsatile tinnitus. So we report this case with a review of literature.
Colon, Sigmoid ; Diverticulum ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tinnitus

Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common nonodontogenic developmental cyst originating in the incisive canal of maxilla and occuring in approximately 1% of the population. Clinical presentation is asymptomatic in small cysts, but shows swelling, pain and drainage from the hard palate in large cysts. The definite diagnosis should be based on clinical, radiological and histopathologic findings. The treatment of nasopalatine duct cysts consists of an enucleation of the cystic tissue, only in rare cases a marsupialization needs to be performed. We report a case of infected nasopalatine duct cyst in a 65-year-old man. He complained of painful swelling in the midline and nasolabial area. Physical examination revealed a huge tender mass in the midline of upper jaw. Diagnosis was suggested on the basis of computed tomography. Under the general anethesia, an enucleation was performed via sublabial approach.
Aged ; Drainage ; Humans ; Jaw ; Jaw Cysts ; Maxilla ; Nonodontogenic Cysts ; Palate ; Palate, Hard ; Physical Examination

Background: Ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection (CEI) is limited in that it cannot confirm drug distribution at the target site without fluoroscopy. We hypothesized that visualization of solution flow through the inter-laminar space of the lumbosacral spine using color Doppler ultrasound alone would allow for confirmation of drug distribution. Therefore, we aimed to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of this method by comparing the color Doppler image in the paramedian sagittal oblique view of the lumbosacral spine (LS-PSOV) with the distribution of the contrast medium observed during fluoroscopy. Methods: Sixty-five patients received a 10-mL CEI of solution containing contrast medium under ultrasound guidance. During injection, flow was observed in the LSPSOV using color Doppler ultrasonography, following which it was confirmed using fluoroscopy. The presence of contrast image at L5-S1 on fluoroscopy was defined as “successful CEI.” We then calculated prediction accuracy for successful CEI using color Doppler ultrasonography in the LS-PSOV. We also investigated the correlation between the distribution levels measured via color Doppler and fluoroscopy. Results: Prediction accuracy with color Doppler ultrasonography was 96.9%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.7%, 100%, 100%, and 60.0%, respectively. In 52 of 65 patients (80%), the highest level at which contrast image was observed was the same for both color Doppler ultrasonography and fluoroscopy. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that color Doppler ultrasonography in the LS-PSOV is a new method for determining whether a drug solution reaches the lumbosacral region (i.e., the main target level) without the need for fluoroscopy.

Background: Ultrasound-guided caudal epidural injection (CEI) is limited in that it cannot confirm drug distribution at the target site without fluoroscopy. We hypothesized that visualization of solution flow through the inter-laminar space of the lumbosacral spine using color Doppler ultrasound alone would allow for confirmation of drug distribution. Therefore, we aimed to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of this method by comparing the color Doppler image in the paramedian sagittal oblique view of the lumbosacral spine (LS-PSOV) with the distribution of the contrast medium observed during fluoroscopy. Methods: Sixty-five patients received a 10-mL CEI of solution containing contrast medium under ultrasound guidance. During injection, flow was observed in the LSPSOV using color Doppler ultrasonography, following which it was confirmed using fluoroscopy. The presence of contrast image at L5-S1 on fluoroscopy was defined as “successful CEI.” We then calculated prediction accuracy for successful CEI using color Doppler ultrasonography in the LS-PSOV. We also investigated the correlation between the distribution levels measured via color Doppler and fluoroscopy. Results: Prediction accuracy with color Doppler ultrasonography was 96.9%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 96.7%, 100%, 100%, and 60.0%, respectively. In 52 of 65 patients (80%), the highest level at which contrast image was observed was the same for both color Doppler ultrasonography and fluoroscopy. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that color Doppler ultrasonography in the LS-PSOV is a new method for determining whether a drug solution reaches the lumbosacral region (i.e., the main target level) without the need for fluoroscopy.

OBJECTIVE: Facial asymmetry is usually evaluated from the difference in length and angulation of the maxilla and mandible. However, asymmetric position or shape of the condyle can also affect the expression of asymmetry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between condylar asymmetry and chin point deviation in facial asymmetry. METHODS: Cone-beam CT images of fifty adult skeletal Class III patients were studied. Thirty patients who had more than 4 mm menton deviation were categorized in the asymmetric group. Twenty patients with less than 4 mm menton deviation were assigned to the symmetric group. Anteroposterior and transverse condyle positions were evaluated from the cranial base. The greatest mediolateral diameter (GMD) of the condyle in the axial plane and angulation to the coronal plane were measured. The height and volume of the condyles were evaluated. RESULTS: The symmetric group had no statistical difference between both condyles in position, angulation, GMD, height and volume. In the asymmetric group, the non-deviated side condyle was larger in GMD, height and volume than the deviated side. There was no statistical difference in condyle position and angulation. The GMD, height difference and condylar volume ratio (non-deviated/deviated) were positively correlated with chin deviation. From the linear regression analysis, condylar volume ratio was a significant factor affecting chin deviation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggests that the non-deviated side condyle is larger than the deviated side. In addition, condylar asymmetry can affect the expression of facial asymmetry.
Adult ; Chin ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Mandible ; Mandibular Condyle ; Maxilla ; Skull Base

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte (NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks. As a control, Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (DeltaE*, color difference) was measured using Shadepilot(TM) (DeguDent) before, during, and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks, and post-bleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1. Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (DeltaE) of over 2. No significant differences were found between the two groups (p > 0.05), implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2. The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value, thus yellow shade, than the control (p < 0.05). 3. None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications, confirming the safety of both whitening agents.
Bleaching Agents ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Hypersensitivity ; Peroxides ; Polymers ; Tooth ; Urea