Since the introduction of MRI, the arachnoiditis could easily haute been diagnosed by confirming the abnormal distribution of the roots in the dural sac. But the arachnoiditis-like pattern of nerve root distribution in a degenerative disc disease has been regarded as a an incorrect diagnosis of arachnoiditis. The arachnoiditis has been one of the most serious complication in the failed back surgery syndrome. MR images of 32 patients with acute or chronic radicular pain syndrome were investigated by a radiologist and a orthopedc surgeon. 17 patients had lumbar disc herniation; 13 patients, pure spinal stenosis; 2 patients, spondylolisthesis. The discriminant analysis was used to calculate the cutting point of clumping for the abnormal nerve root distribution and to assess the relationship between the arachnoiditis-like pattern of nerve root distribution and other factors According to the result of calculation, the cutting point of clumping In spinal stenosis was 9mm and that in a disc herniation was 6mm. Central clumping of nerve roots in the durn is considered as a characteristic finding at the constricted level of the lumbar degenerative disease. However, the appearance is not a differentiating factor between the adhesive arachnoiditis and constriction in the lumbar degenerative disease. Clinically, the adhesive arachnoiditis should be suspected in the lumbar degenerative disease with the nerve root clumping at multiple level, not associated with remarkable constriction of spinal canal. In the disc herniation with their sagittal diameter over 6mm, the clumping seems to imply the possibility of association with adhesive arachnoiditis.
Adhesives ; Arachnoid ; Arachnoiditis ; Constriction ; Diagnosis ; Failed Back Surgery Syndrome ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis

he Magnetic. resonance imaging has been used widely to evaluate the disk position without any interruption of the TMJ structures, and the dynamic MRI presenting computed serial imaging or the video-recorded simulation images is thought to be very effective to evaluate the disk position under function. This is to study the correlation between the clinical diagnosis and the findings of dynamic MRI for diagnosis of internal derangement of the 7 patients were examined clinically, and the movement of TMJ meniscus was reviewed in the dynamic MRI. MRI was very reliable to diagnose the amount of anterior displacement of articular disc, the structural abnormality of temporomandibular joint, the cause of functional limitation, and to differentiate the muscle related pain & dysfunction.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders* ; Temporomandibular Joint*

Diagnosis of malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary is usually difficult because many ovarian neoplasms have similar clinical and radiologic manifestations. We reviewed retrospectively 12 cases of ovarian malignant germ cell tumor and evaluated with respect to size, mass characteristics on computed tomography for differential diagnosis. Endodermal sinus tumors were mainly cystic mass with some solid component and septations. Immature teratomas showed typical manifestations, such as fatty tissue, calcifications, cysts, and irregular shaped soft tissue densities. Dysgerminoma was mainly solid mass without cystic component, and mixed germ cell tumor showed nonspecific manifestations. All cases were relatively large in size, and young in age. In conclusion, CT findings of malignant germ cell tumors are helpful in differential disgnosis.
Adipose Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dysgerminoma ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Female ; Germ Cells* ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal* ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Retrospective Studies ; Teratoma

Renal vein thrombosis is usually a complication of multiple underlying renal disease rather than primary process. High incidence of renal vein thrombosis in patients with nephritic syndrome, which suggest the nephrotic syndrome play a paramount role in the genesis of renal vein thrombosis or thromboembolic phenomena. But these are likely to relationship of “egg and chicken”, and then we cannot determine what is primary of these. Recently authors experienced a case that was questioned renal vein thrombosis with nephrotic-syndrome clinically, laboratory and preliminary radiologically, and this case in confirmed by selective left renal venography. Here we report a case of renal vein thrombosis with nephrotic syndrome which successfully managed with oral anticoagulants and reviewed literatures.
Anticoagulants ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Phlebography ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis

Congenital origin intestinal obstruction are important disease due to required emergency operation. So accurate and rapid diagnosis needed for decreased mortality and morbidity. Radiologic must defect to accurate obstruction site and also associated other congenital anomalies. And also embryological basis are very important role to the diagnosis of these diseases. We were analyzed radiologically and clinically 25 cases with congenital origin intestinal obstruction with review of literature. 1. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 6 cases, midgut malrotation 4 cases, congenital megacolon 8 cases, imperforated anus 5 cases, ileal atresia 1 case and duodenal atresia 1 case. 2. Male and female radio was 16:9. Especially on hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, 5 cases were male infants. 3. All cases of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis represented string sign and also pyloric beak sign, shoulder sign on UGI. 4. 1 case duodenal atresia showed double bubble sign on simple abdomen x-ray and ileal atresia showed mechanical small bowel obstruction sign with microcolon. 5. On midgut malrotaton, cecum was located in right upper abdomen on 4 cases. And 2 cases were associated with Ladd's band, 1 case with volvulus and 1 case with mesenteric defect. 6. Involved site of all congenital megacolon were localized to rectosigmoid colon. 7. On 5 cases imperforated anus, 3 cases were low type and 2 case high type. Rectoperitoneal and rectourogenital fistula were demonstrated on 4 cases.
Abdomen ; Anal Canal ; Animals ; Beak ; Cecum ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Female ; Fistula ; Hirschsprung Disease ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Intestinal Obstruction* ; Intestinal Volvulus ; Male ; Mortality ; Pyloric Stenosis, Hypertrophic ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: Although the neuroradiological findings of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection are well known, little has been reported concerning the imaging findings of paraventricular cysts occurring in patients with cytomegalovirus infection involving the brain. The purpose of this study is to describe the features of paraventricular cysts observed at MRI and ultrasonography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR and ultrasonographic studies of ten patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infections involving the brain were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed by positive culture of the virus in urine (n=4), the presence of CMV Ig G antibody (n=4), or positive CMV Ig M antibody (n=2), and on the basis of characteristic MR imaging findings. Initial MRI in all patients and initial ultrasonography in four of five with paraventricular cysts were performed. Three patients underwent follow-up MRI and ultrasonography for the evaluation of cystic change, and the size, location, bilaterality and morphology of the cysts were evaluated. RESULTS: Bilateral paraventricular cysts averaging 15 (range. 10-23) mm in size were found in five of the ten patients (50%). They were adjacent to the foramen of Monro in three cases, the occipital horn in one, and the temporal horn in one. MR imaging showed that the fluid content of all cysts was of similar signal intensity to cerebrospinal fluid (T1-WI, hypointense; T2-WI, hyperintense). The ultrasonographic findings varied: there was one pure cyst and one with a thick wall and septations, and two contained complex fluid. In three patients, follow up MRI and ultrasonography showed that the cysts disappeared after 4-23 months. CONCLUSION: Although paraventricular cysts may appear at MRI to be purely cystic, ultrasonography may indicate that their contents are more complex, or that septations are present.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Horns ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: We investigated the causes and mechanisms driving acute border zone infarctions using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed DWI in 104 patients (male: 72 years, female: 32 years, age range: 44 to 84 years) with acute border zone infarction. The DWI patterns were classified as follows: pattern A- An acute border zone infarction combined with multiple small disseminated cortical infarctions, pattern B- An acute border zone infarction only. RESULTS: The most common cause of acute border zone infarctions was extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis (45 cases, 43%). Other causes included middle cerebral artery stenosis (22 cases, 21%), intracranial ICA stenosis (14 cases, 13%), unknown, (12 cases 12%), iatrogenic (6 cases, 6%) and cardiogenic (5 cases, 5%), respectively. The most common pattern for DWI was pattern A (83 cases, 80%). We performed a transcranial Doppler in 7 of 75 cases (11%), and found at least 1 embolic pulse. CONCLUSION: The most common pattern of DWI for acute border zone infarctions was pattern A. We propose that the mechanisms driving acute border zone infarctions are emboli coupled with hypoperfusion.
Brain Infarction ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diffusion ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Humans ; Infarction ; Middle Cerebral Artery

PURPOSE: To evaluate MRI findings of Guillain-Barre syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In six patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome diagnosed by clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and electrophysiologic findings, a retrospective review of MR findings was conducted. Follow-up MRI scans were carried out in two patients showing minimal clinical improvement. RESULTS: Marked or moderate enhancement of thickened nerve roots was seen in all cases on gadopentetate dimeglumine enhanced axial T1-weighted images. Two patterns were seen ; one was even enhancement of both anterior and posterior nerve roots (n=1) and the other was enhancement of anterior nerve roots only (n=5). Enhancement and thickness of nerve roots was seen to have slightly decreased on MRI follow-up at 32 and 50 days ; clinical and electrophysiologic examination showed minimal improvement. CONCLUSION: Although MRI findings of nerve root enhancement are nonspecific and can be seen in neoplastic and other inflammatory diseases, the enhancement of thickened anterior nerve roots within thecal sac suggests Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

Ceftizoxime sodium is a new synthetic β-lactam antibiotic combining potent antibacterial activity with high stability to a wide range of bacterial β-lactamase. This experiment was achieved to evaluate the antibacterial activities of ceftizoxime sodium against. Gram negative enteric bacteria isolated from in outpatient visiting Yeungnam university hospital and to study the emergence of drug induced bacterial variants which resist to ceftizoxime in vitro. The antibacterial activity of the ceftizoxime was compared with that of antibiotics and its effect on population of normal intestinal flora in mice was observed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Highly effective antibacterial activity of ceftizoxime against Gram negative enteric bacilli was demonstrated and this antibacterial activity was superior to that of ampicillin. 2. Several test strains shows multiple antibiotic resistance. Among 15 strains of Escherichia coli, 1 strain was resistant to ampicillin, cefadroxil, gentamicin, tetracycline, and 2 strains were resistant to ampicillin, cefadroxil, tetracycline, five strains of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae was resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and Shigella dysenteriae was resistant to ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline. 3. The frequency of in vitro emergence of resistant variants among ceftizoxime sensitive bacteria in the presence of increasing concentrations of the compound was found to be low. 4. Plasmid was isolated in 6 of 9 strains (6 strains of Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter cloacae and Salmonella typhi). That showed different antibiotic resistance. They were 5 strains of Escherichia coli and 1 strain of Shigella dysenteriae. However, plasmid could not be considered as a hallmark for antibiotic resistance by this Further studies with curing experiment are to be accomplished for this purpose. 5. Changes in the bacterial count of normal intestinal flora following 25 mg/kg/day administration of ceftizoxime over 5 consecutive days were not significant. In conclusion, ceftizoxime appeared to be a drug of choice in the treatment of Gram negative enteric bacilli infection.
Ampicillin ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Load ; Cefadroxil ; Ceftizoxime* ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Enterobacteriaceae* ; Escherichia coli ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Mice ; Outpatients ; Plasmids ; Salmonella ; Shigella dysenteriae ; Tetracycline

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was a phantom study to measure the diffusion properties of water molecules by steady-state free precession diffusion-weighted imaging (SSFP-DWI) with a low b-value and to determine if this sequence might be useful for application to the evaluation of bone marrow pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 1. The phantom study: A phantom study using two diffusion weighted sequences for the evaluation of the diffusion coefficient was performed. Three water-containing cylinders at different temperatures were designed: phantom A was 3degrees C, B was 23degrees C and C was 63degrees C. Both SSFP and echo planar imaging (EPI) sequences (b-value: 1000 s/mm2) were performed for comparison of the diffusion properties. The Signal to noise ratios (SNR) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the three phantoms using each diffusion-weighted sequence were assessed. 2. The Clinical study: SSFP-DWI was performed in 28 patients [sacral insufficiency fractures (10), osteoporotic lumbar compression fractures (10), malignant compression fractures (8)]. To measure the ADC maps, a diffusion-weighted single shot stimulated echo-acquisition mode sequence (650s/ mm2) was obtained using the same 1.5-T MR imager RESULTS: For the phantom study, the signal intensity on the SSFP as well as the classic EPI-based DWI was decreased as the temperature increased in phantom A to C. The ADC values of the phantoms on EPI-DWI were 0.13x10(-3) mm2/s in phantom A, 0.22x10(-3) mm2/s in B and 0.37x10(-3) mm2/s. in C. The SSFP can be regarded as a DWI sequence in view of the series of signal decreases. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow pathologies with different diffusion coefficients were evaluated by SSFP-DWI. All benign fractures were hypointense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow where as the malignant fractures were hyperintense compared to the adjacent normal bone marrow.
Bone Marrow* ; Diffusion ; Echo-Planar Imaging ; Fractures, Compression ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Pathology* ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Spine ; Water