The square face with prominent mandibular angles projects a strong and musculine impression, which is not preferred by most Koreans(may be orientals). Therefore, requests for contouring the prominent mandibular angle are much more common in the orient than in the west. In our study, we treated seven patients with esthetic problem due to prominent mandibular angle using two-step method with intraoral approach via trans- submandibular channel. The advantages of this method are easy measuring, minimized surgical trauma and shortening of the operation time by facilitation of instrumenial application via trans-sumandibular channel.
Humans

No abstract available.
Thymidine

No abstract available.

Control of tuberculosis is threatened by widespread emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Understanding the molecular basis of resistance might lead to development of novel rapid methods for diagnosing drug resistance. Rifampin is a key component among therapeutic regimens for the tuberculosis; therefore, patients who have drug resistance do not convalesce satisfactorily. The molecular mechanism of resistance to rifampin in M. tuberulosis has been elucidated. Substitutions of a limited number of highly conserved amino acids encoded by the rpoB gene are responsible for the ""single-step"" high-level resistance of M. tuberculosis to rifampin. Currently, two genotype-based protocols allow drug test from minimally grown cultured materials: (i)mutation identification by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified material. and (ii)mutation screening by PCR-SSCP. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the both methods. A sample of 75 isolates of M. tuberculosis was studied, and it inculded 36 rifampin-resistant strains and 39 rifampin-sensitive strains by conventional methods. Mutaions were identified in 36 rifampin-resistant isolates but in none of 39 sensitive isolates. All mutations were clustered within a region of 23 amino acids. Both methods allow detection of rifampin resistance in 2 to 3 days and will thus help in the early management of infection by M. tuberculosis.
Amino Acids ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

Control of tuberculosis is threatened by widesread emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Rifampin is a key component among therapeutic regimens for the tuberculosis; therefore patients in whom resistance to this drug develop have a poor outlook, particularly if rifampin resistance is associated with resistance to other tuberculosis drugs. The purpose of this study was to detect the mutation in rpoB gene of rifampin resistant M. tuberculosis in Korea and to evaluate the usefulness of the method in clinical aspects. A sample of 80 M. tuberculosis was studied, and it included 40 rifampin resistance isolates and 40 rifampin sensitive isolates by conventional methods. The detection method involved the amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the Rif' region and the identification of mutations by single-strand DNA conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP) of the amplification products (157 bp). Mutation were identified in 39 of 40 rifampin resistant isolates, and in 1 of 40 rifampin sensitive isolates.
Humans ; Korea ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis

Traumatic optic neuropathy is one of true ophthalmic emergencies and there is no proven form of treatment for traumatic optic neuropathy. 82 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy were investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of high dose corticosteroid for the visual improvement. Age, sex, initial visual acuity, final visual acuity, interval to treatment, the type of trauma and the affected region were studied retrospectively.250 mg of Methylprednisolone was administered intravenously every 6 hours for 3 days, and then followed by tapering using oral prednisone The vision was improved in 36 of 82 cases[43.9%]. It was difficult to interpret the relation-ships between the affected region and visual improvement, the interval for each treatment and final visual acuity. However, the vision was improved in 45 of 50 cases who had an initial visual acuity of above light perception, but in the two of 32 cases with no light perception. If indicated, fifteen cases were treated with a combination of high dose corticosteroid and optic nerve decompression. In initial treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy, high dose corticosteroid was effecive. Whether or not initial visual acuity was better than light perception was a key risk factor in the outcome.
Decompression ; Emergencies ; Methylprednisolone ; Optic Nerve ; Optic Nerve Injuries* ; Prednisone ; Risk Factors ; Visual Acuity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Mitral Valve* ; Tricuspid Valve*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula*

No abstract available.