PURPOSE: Lymphoma is considered when multiple, nonnecrotic lymph nodes are present in the superficial and deep lymphatic chains, especially if they are large and bilateral, on CT scan. It is reported that combined nodal and extranodal presentation of HD is uncommon. However, we found central low density in involved lymph node of NHL, and combined nodal and extranodal disease in HD, not infrequently. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether our findings may be characteristics of NHL and HD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT findings with contrast enhancement were reviewed in 23 patients with untreated neck lymphoma:18 NHL and 5 HD. The followings were analyzed in each case: nodal or extranodal involvement; unilateral or bilateral involvement; presence or absence of central low density with peripheral enhancement in nodal lesion ;infiltration into adjacent structures. Nodal and extranodal lesions were confirmed by pathologic studies. RESULTS: Of 18 patients with NHL, nine cases had nodal disease and the rest had combined nodal and extranodal disease. Lymphadenopathy was bilateral in ten cases and unilateral in eight. Five cases with HD were composed of three combined nodal and extranodal diseases and two nodal diseases. Central low density of involved lymph node was shown in eight cases of 18 NHL and in one case of five HD. CONCLUSION: Central low density with peripheral enhancement was not uncommon in NHL, in contrast to HD. Hence, it is suggested that in case of nodal necrosis, NHL be also considered, besides tuberculous lymphadenitis and metastatic lymphadenopathy. It is not considered that nodal or extranodal disease, and unilateral or bilateral involvement are of high significance in differentiation of NHL from HD.
Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Neck* ; Necrosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node

No abstract available.
Prospective Studies* ; Prostate*

PURPOSE: Prostate volume has been poorly correlated with various parameters used to assess benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), including symptom score, total prostate volume, peak flow rate and postvoid residual urine. The purpose of this study is to determine if measurement of the volume and the index of transition zone of the prostate correlated well with other clinical parameters in predicting the degree of obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 121 men with lower urinary tract symptoms were prospectively evaluated using international prostate symptom score, transrectal ultrasonography, and urodynamic investigation with pressure-flow studies for BPH. Bladder outlet obstruction was defined as the maximal detrusor pressure was greater than 40cmH2O at peak flow and peak flow rate was less than 10ml/sec. Patients were then divided into obstructive and non-obstructive groups. Correlations were evaluated among the total prostatic volume (TPV), transition zone volume (TZV), transition zone index (TZI=TZV/TPV) and other clinical and urodynamically obstructive parameters. RESULTS: Age, IPSS, peak flow rate and PVR were not significantly different between obstructive (n=69) and non-obstructive (n=52) groups. Among the transrectal sonographic parameters, TZV and TZI correlated better with urodynamically obstructive parameters such as detrusor pressure at peak flow rate (r=0.551, 0.544), Abrams Griffiths number (r=0.576, 0.506) and linear passive urethral resistance relation (r=0.560, 0.580) than with TPV. There were no correlations between clinical and volume parameters. All the volume parameters of the prostate were larger in obstructive than in non- obstructive group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with BPH symptoms, TZV and TZI correlates better with urodynamically obstructive parameters than did the total prostate volume. TZV or TZI may serve as more useful method for evaluating obstruction.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urodynamics

No abstract available in English.
Urinary Incontinence* ; Urodynamics*

The cause of essential hypertension is yet unknown, but in general is caused by interaction of hereditary factors, diet, obesity, lack of exercise and stress. The aging process influences various physiological mechanism related to regulation of blood pressure. So elderly hypertensives have a tendancy to consider the disease as a result of the physiological aging process. This attitude causes many complications, worsening of the disease and even early death because of inappropriate care. In order to improve self-management of elderly hypertensives in this study the researcher examined the effect of blood pressure regulation by an education program that improves self-care behavior, through increasing self-efficacy. The education program consisted of group education on hypertension and self-care strategies, and encouraging and reinforcing self-efficacy resources such as verbal persuation, performance accomplishment and vicarious experiences. A quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Thirty-two elderly hypertensives participated in the study. Eighteen in the education group and fourteen in the control group. The education program consisted of eight sessions twice a week for four weeks. There was no intervention for the control group. Data were analysed using SPSS for Windows(Version 8.0). The results were as follows. 1. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 2. There was no significant difference in the level of self-care behavior between the experimental group and control group over three different times, and interaction by groups and over time. 3. There was significant difference in self-efficacy of experimental and control group, depending on the measuring period, but there was no difference between these groups on interaction by groups and over time. 4. There was positive correlation between self efficacy and self care behavior depending on the measuring period. There was negative correlation between diastolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the posttest of the program, and between systolic blood pressure and self-care behavior on the follow-up test of the program. Findings indicate that this study will contribute to develop nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure for the elderly, which is easy for the elderly to learn as a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Aging ; Blood Pressure* ; Diet ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Care* ; Self Efficacy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of abdominal breathing on state anxiety, stress and tocolytic dosage for pregnant women in preterm labor. METHODS: The participants were 60 pregnant women in preterm labor who were hospitalized from April to July, 2009. Thirty participants were assigned to the experimental group and 30 to the control group. None of them had any other complications except preterm labor. The modified Mason's breathing technique was used with the experimental group 3 times a day for 3 days. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and chart review, and analyzed with the SPSS 13.0 WIN program. RESULTS: "State anxiety of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "Stress of the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "The Ritodrine dosage for the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. "The Atosiban dosage for the experimental group will be lower than that of the control group" was supported. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that abdominal breathing is an effective nursing intervention for pregnant women in preterm labor.
Adult ; Anxiety/*prevention & control ; *Breathing Exercises ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Obstetric Labor, Premature/*drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Ritodrine/therapeutic use ; Stress, Psychological/*prevention & control ; Tocolytic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Vasotocin/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use

PURPOSE: To improve self-management in elderly people with hypertension, the researcher examined the effects of an abdominal relaxed breathing exercises using biofeedback on blood pressure. These exercises regulate physical response to stress and lessen the activity of sympathetic nerves. METHOD: A single-experimental pre-and post-test design was used. Eight elderly people with hypertension participated in the study from April, 6 to June, 14, 2000. Biofeedback was done with soft ware by developed by J & J Company (1-410 form for abdominal respiration training). The abdominal relaxed breathing exercises are based on Mason's suggestion (1985) and were modified by Yu & Song(2001). This program consisted of 4 sessions once a week for four weeks. Data were analysed using SPSSPC+(10.0). RESULT: There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over three different times. There was a significant difference in the level of total stress response, overall health and quality of life but no significant difference in the level of emotional condition over three different times. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will contribute to the development of nursing strategies for the regulation of blood pressure in older people as the exercises are easy to learn and are a nonpharmacologic approach.
Aged* ; Biofeedback, Psychology* ; Blood Pressure* ; Breathing Exercises* ; Exercise ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Respiration* ; Self Care

High-flow priapism is caused by sustained arterial inflow into the spaces from a lacerated cavernosal artery. This typically follows perineal trauma. Iatrogenic high-flow priapism occasionally follows the treatment of low-flow priapism and is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Herein, we reported a case of iatrogenic high-flow priapism which developed after treatment of-flow priapism.
Arteries ; Priapism*

PURPOSE: We studied the plasma neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glutamic acid levels as a marker of the severity of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: We enrolled 93 patients who visited to the emergency department from April to September, 2005. The AIS patients included those who visited the emergency department within 24 hours due to ischemic stroke symptoms. The AIS patients was subclassified according to large-vessel, small-vessel, cardioembolic, or unclassified infarction. RESULTS: The plasma NSE and glutamic acid level were 15.1+/-7.9 ng/ml and 204.5+/-86.5 nM/ml, respectively, in the AIS patients. Plasma NSE and Glutamic acid in the was higher than reference range (NSE 0-12 ng/ml, Glutamic acid 0-130 nM/ml). According to the type of infarction, no differences were observed in the plasma NSE and glutamic acid levels. CONCLUSION: In cases of AIS, NSE and glutamic acid have no statistical usefulness in classifying the type of infarction. However, the value of plasma NSE and glutamic acid levels have statistical usefulness in deciding on the existence or nonexistence of an AIS.
Cerebral Infarction ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Glutamic Acid* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase* ; Plasma* ; Reference Values ; Stroke*

Transient Complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) is defined as an intraventricular conduction defect that subsequently returns, if only temporarily, to normal conduction. CLBBB is usually permanent and associated with a structurally abnormal heart, especially the heart with artherosclerotic, hypertensive, or valvular disease. However, CLBBB may appear transiently and intermittently during anesthesia, although it is uncommon.It may be related to the changes in heart rate or blood pressure without any heart disease. Also, transient CLBBB may develop during anesthesia in the absence of associated tachycardia or hypertension. We report a case of transient CLBBB which developed without apparent associated hypertension or tachycardia during general endotracheal anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Pressure ; Bundle-Branch Block* ; Emergencies* ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension ; Laparotomy* ; Tachycardia