No abstract available.
Varicose Veins

Nonunion is one of the important complication during treatment of forearm fracture. Nonunion of the forearm fracture inevitably prolongs the treatment course and markedly impairs the function of the forearm. We analyzed 34 cases of nonunion of forearm fracture in 21 persons from Jan. 1979 to Dec. 1985. The results are as follows. 1. The greater force of traffic accident of machine injury produced nonunion more frequently. 2. The predilection site of the nonunion was coincidental to the fracture site of the forearm. 3. Unstable fracture such as comminuted, segmental, spiral or oblique fracture was more closely related to the nonunion than the stable fracture. Hypervascular type nonunion was more prevalent than the avascular type. 4. The probable causes of nonunion were poor external fixation, severe soft tissue injury, displaced or comminuted fracture and inadequate or inappropriate surgery. 5. Obtained bone union in all cases, but the functional result was not improved compared to the preoperative state.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Forearm ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Humans ; Soft Tissue Injuries

Purpose: The study investigated the results of direct surgical scleral depression using four ports and the chandelier lighting system in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods: Anatomical and functional success rates and complications were analyzed in 179 eyes diagnosed with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that underwent primary vitrectomy using four ports at our hospital between March 2012 and February 2022. Results: A total of 168 (93.9%) eyes had anatomical success without reoperation while 11 (6.1%) developed recurrence. However, the final success rate was 100%. The best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 1.03 ± 0.92 to logMAR 0.24 ± 0.39 after surgery (p < 0.001). Complications included a temporary increase in the intraocular pressure (n = 3, 1.7%), leakage through the scleral incision (n = 2, 1.1%), hyphema and vitreous hemorrhage (n = 10, 5.6%), and iatrogenic retinal break (n = 1, 0.6%), but these improved after treatment. Conclusions Four-port vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in which scleral depression is directly performed using the chandelier lighting system is a useful surgical method. It allows effective visualization of the peripheral retina regardless of the assistant’s proficiency which results in a more meticulous surgery. The anatomical and functional results of this technique were similar to the conventional technique.

The incidence of transient bacteremia following esophageal variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) was evaluated in 29 patients. These 29 patients underwent a total of 83 sclerotherapy sessions.Prior to EVS, all instruments were sterilized. Blood cultures were drawn pre-EVS and post-EVS.All pre-EVS and post-EVS blood cultures were negative. In conclusion, it was found bacteremia following sclerotherapy is not easily developed, if a vigorous approach of using well cleaned equipment is used. Unless there is a cardiac prothesis or valvular heart disease, antibiotic prophylaxis is not warranted.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Bacteremia* ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Sclerotherapy*

PURPOSE: In this study we compared the clinical outcomes of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery according to the use of indocyanine green (ICG) and ICG exposure time. METHODS: The medical records of 76 patients with an idiopathic ERM that underwent vitrectomy and ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal were reviewed. We compared the results (best corrected visual acuity [BCVA, log MAR] and central macular thickness [CMT, µm]) of idiopathic ERM surgeries using ILM peeling with (group I, 39 eyes) and without ICG (group II, 37 eyes). Additionally, the correlation of ICG exposure time and clinical outcomes in group I was analyzed. RESULTS: Gender, age, lens state, preoperative BCVA, and preoperative CMT were not significantly different between the two groups. The postoperative BCVA was significantly improved in both groups but the difference was not statistically significant. The postoperative CMT was significantly improved in both groups and the change amount of group I was more larger than group II. Additionally, ICG exposure time was not significantly correlated with changes of BCVA and CMT. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal ICG-assisted ILM peeling did not significantly affect the recovery of BCVA, however that impaired the recovery of CMT. ICG exposure time did not affect the postoperative visual outcome.
Epiretinal Membrane* ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Medical Records ; Membranes* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

Bipotent progenitors for T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes are thought to exist among early precursor thymocytes or liver lymphocytes. The identification of such a progenitor population or mature NK cells in such organs remains undefined. Here we report the identification of a novel receptor of NK cells, p58 (HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors), in fetal thymocytes and fetal liver lymphocytes. Our finding suggests the NK cells mature in the developmental stage during feta1 ontogeny. Flow cytometric analysis revealed p58 positive cells in thymocytes or in fetal liver lymphocytes and reverse transcription PCR also showed amplification of p58 RNA. The result of single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) showed it discriminates one or two base pair differences of the p58 gene. Although the question still remains as to whether the expression of p58 is due to the NK cells or natural T cells, it is clear the p58 is expressed in fetal thymocytes or liver lymphocytes. And SSCP analysis using appropriate sets of primers used in this study, is helpful to study the diversity of p58.
Base Pairing ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Liver* ; Lymphocytes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA ; T-Lymphocytes ; Thymocytes*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between the below respiratory-frequency oscillations of the pulmonary artery pressure and those of the systemic arterial pressure. METHODS: The subjects in this experiment were patients suffering from ventricular septal defect and having treatment with the cardiac catheterization at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Signals from pulmonary artery pressure, femoral artery pressure and the respiration of the patients were received for 5 minutes and digitalized and stored into the personal computer. Those data were interpreted and compared by the power spectral analysis method. RESULTS: 1) In case that the mean pulmonary artery pressure was below 30mmHg(n=23), the low frequency, the mid frequency, the respiratory frequency and the total frequency power of the pulmonary artery pressure were 4.17+/-0.65(3.15-5.40), 3.81+/-0.66(2.79-4.96), 6.06+/-0.27(5.57-6.83) and 6.78+/-0.34(6.01-7.36) respectively. And the those of the femoral artery pressure were 5.24+/-0.49(4.46-6.13), 4.27+/-0.57(3.34-5.45), 5.54+/-0.44(4.72-6.13) and 7.44+/-0.51(6.07-7.94). So in all the frequency ranges a significant difference was observed between the pulmonary artery pressure and the systemic blood pressure(p<0.01) 2) In case that the mean pulmonary artery pressure was above 30mmHg(n=9), the low frequency, the mid frequency, the respiratory frequency and the total frequency power of the pulmonary artery pressure were 4.86+/-0.80(3.75-5.77), 4.22+/-0.77(3.36-5.28), 6.31+/-0.42(5.42-6.78) and 7.16+/-0.56(6.26-8.01), respectively. Those of the systemic arterial pressure were 5.12+/-0.59(4.14-5.76), 4.24+/-0.60(3.51-4.93), 6.17+/-0.33(5.76-6.59) and 7.47+/-0.06(6.70-8.09). In this case, there was no significant difference was found between the two pressures. In short, when the pulmonary artery pressure was normal range or a little high(<30mmHg), the low-frequency and mid-frequency oscillations were greater in the systemic blood pressure, but the respiratory frequency oscillation was greater in the pulmonary artery pressure. When the pulmonary artery pressure was high rage(>30mmHg), the low frequency oscillation of the pulmonary artery pressure and the respiratory frequency oscillation of the systemic blood pressure were increased, resulting in the same oscillation in the low frequency, the mid frequency, the respiratory frequency and the total frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of ossillation of pulmonary artery pressure was very similar to the magnitude of ossilation of systemic arterial pressure in the below-respiratory-frequency when pulmonary artery pressure was high(>30mmHg).
Arterial Pressure ; Arteries* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Reference Values ; Respiration

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between the below respiratory-frequency oscillations of the pulmonary artery pressure and those of the systemic arterial pressure. METHODS: The subjects in this experiment were patients suffering from ventricular septal defect and having treatment with the cardiac catheterization at Gyeongsang National University Hospital. Signals from pulmonary artery pressure, femoral artery pressure and the respiration of the patients were received for 5 minutes and digitalized and stored into the personal computer. Those data were interpreted and compared by the power spectral analysis method. RESULTS: 1) In case that the mean pulmonary artery pressure was below 30mmHg(n=23), the low frequency, the mid frequency, the respiratory frequency and the total frequency power of the pulmonary artery pressure were 4.17+/-0.65(3.15-5.40), 3.81+/-0.66(2.79-4.96), 6.06+/-0.27(5.57-6.83) and 6.78+/-0.34(6.01-7.36) respectively. And the those of the femoral artery pressure were 5.24+/-0.49(4.46-6.13), 4.27+/-0.57(3.34-5.45), 5.54+/-0.44(4.72-6.13) and 7.44+/-0.51(6.07-7.94). So in all the frequency ranges a significant difference was observed between the pulmonary artery pressure and the systemic blood pressure(p<0.01) 2) In case that the mean pulmonary artery pressure was above 30mmHg(n=9), the low frequency, the mid frequency, the respiratory frequency and the total frequency power of the pulmonary artery pressure were 4.86+/-0.80(3.75-5.77), 4.22+/-0.77(3.36-5.28), 6.31+/-0.42(5.42-6.78) and 7.16+/-0.56(6.26-8.01), respectively. Those of the systemic arterial pressure were 5.12+/-0.59(4.14-5.76), 4.24+/-0.60(3.51-4.93), 6.17+/-0.33(5.76-6.59) and 7.47+/-0.06(6.70-8.09). In this case, there was no significant difference was found between the two pressures. In short, when the pulmonary artery pressure was normal range or a little high(<30mmHg), the low-frequency and mid-frequency oscillations were greater in the systemic blood pressure, but the respiratory frequency oscillation was greater in the pulmonary artery pressure. When the pulmonary artery pressure was high rage(>30mmHg), the low frequency oscillation of the pulmonary artery pressure and the respiratory frequency oscillation of the systemic blood pressure were increased, resulting in the same oscillation in the low frequency, the mid frequency, the respiratory frequency and the total frequency. CONCLUSIONS: The magnitude of ossillation of pulmonary artery pressure was very similar to the magnitude of ossilation of systemic arterial pressure in the below-respiratory-frequency when pulmonary artery pressure was high(>30mmHg).
Arterial Pressure ; Arteries* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Reference Values ; Respiration

No abstract available.
Male ; Penile Erection*

Minimally invasive surgery, which has been extensively used to treat gastric adenocarcinoma, is now regarded as one of the standard treatments for early gastric cancer, and its suitability for advanced gastric cancer is being investigated. The use of cutting-edge techniques for minimally invasive surgery enables surgeons to deliver various treatment options to minimize a patient's distress and to maintain oncologic safety. Ongoing multicenter prospective studies aim to validate the efficacy of these surgical techniques and to expand the indications of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the current status and issues regarding minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Gastrectomy/*methods/trends ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/*methods/trends ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Patient Selection ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Republic of Korea ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/*methods/trends ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods/trends ; Stomach Neoplasms/*surgery