In the endoscopic one-incision anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction, placing the graft's tendon-bone interface flush with the intraarticular femoral tunnel results in frequent distal graft protrusion. On the contrary, we occasionally found that the intraarticular posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) length was longer than patellar tendon length and had a great difficulty in performing the endoscopic one-incision technique of PCL reconstruction. The purpose of this study is to get a certain guideline in the endoscopic one-incision technique of cruciate ligament reconstruction by measuring intraarticular distance of ACL, PCL and patellar tendon and by measuring distance between the insertion of pes anserinus and medial tibial plateau in 19 cadaveric knees. The results were as follows; 1. The average patellar tendon length was 36.2±4.7mm(range 24.7-45.0). 2. The average ACL length was 23.7±3.9mm(range 16.5-30.3). 3. The average PCL length was 32.7±3.8mm(range 25.4-41.0). 4. The average distance between the insertion of pes anserinus and medial tibial plateau was 38.3±5.4mm(range 27.2-53.6). Clinical Relevance: Since Korean patellar tendon is shorter than Caucasian's and intraarticular distance of ACL is same as Caucasian's, graft-tunnel mismatch doesn't seem to be a major problem with the accurate technique of the endoscopic one-incision ACL reconstruction in Korean patients. It is possible to interfere with the pes anserinus if the length of the tibial tunnel is needed more than 44.8 mm, It is very difficult to perform an endoscopic one-incision PCL reconstruction if the length of patellar tendon is less than 35mm because intraarticular distance of PCL is sometimes longer than patellar tendon in such cases.
Adult ; Cadaver ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Patellar Ligament ; Transplants

The aneurysm arising from fenestrated proximal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is considered to be unique. The authors report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) secondary to a ruptured aneurysm originating from the fenestrated A1 segment of right ACA. The patient had another unruptured aneurysm which was located at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation. She was successfully treated with surgical clipping for both aneurysms. From the previously existing literatures, we found 18 more cases (1983-2011) of aneurysms associated with fenestrated A1 segment. All cases represented saccular type of aneurysms, and 79% of the patients had SAH. There were three subtypes of the fenestrated A1 aneurysms depending on the anatomical location, relative to the fenestrated segment. The most common type was the aneurysms located on the proximal end of fenestrated artery (82%). Azygos ACA and hypoplastic A1 were frequently accompanied by the aneurysm (33% and 31%, respectively), and multiple aneurysms were shown in three cases (16%). Considering that fenestrated A1 segment is likely to develop an aneurysm, which has high risk of rupture, early management may benefit patients with aneurysms accompanied by fenestrated proximal ACA.
Aneurysm ; Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Rupture ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; Surgical Instruments

PURPOSE: Recent studies show that chorioamnionitis has an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD) and it induces thymic involution. The purpose of this study is to test the usefulness of thymic size at birth as a predictor of BPD. METHODS: This study was conducted on 91 very low birth weight infants of <1, 500 g with mean gestational age of 29.3 weeks and mean birth weight of 1, 161 g who were admitted at NICU of Dong Kang General Hospital for past 4 years of whom 21 infants had BPD. Thymic size was measured on routine chest radiographs taken in the first 3 hours after birth and measured as the ratio between the width of the cardiothymic shadow at the level of the carina and that of the thorax at the costophrenic angles (CT/ T). RESULTS: Correlation of thymic size with gestational age was statistically significant (P=0.003). CT/T of BPD group was smaller than that of non-BPD group (0.27+/-0.06, 0.33+/-0.07, respectively, P<0.01). A significant positive correlation between small thymus at birth and BPD was detected (P=0.003, odds ratio, 21.7), but not in other disease groups. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a small thymus at birth on the chest radiograph could be used as an early predictive parameter of the BPD.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia* ; Chorioamnionitis ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Odds Ratio ; Parturition* ; Pregnancy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thorax ; Thymus Gland

Mechanical and chemical methods are the two ways to treat the implant surfaces. By using mechanical method, it is difficult to eliminate bacteria and by-products from the rough implant surface and it can also cause the structural change to the implant surface. Therefore, chemical method is widely used in order to preserve and detoxicate the implant surface more effectively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of tetracylcline-HCl on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implants with pure titanium machined surface, SLA surface and TiO2blasted surface were used in this study. Implant surface was rubbed with sponge soaked in 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution for 1/2 min., 1 min., 1 1/2 min., 2 min., and 2 1/2min. respectively in the test group and with no treatment in the control group. The sponge was soaked in every 30 seconds. Then, the specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation. Based upon the analysis of photographs by three dentists who are not related with this study, the results were obtained as follows; 1. In the pure titanium machined surfaces, the control specimen showed a more or less rough machined surface composed of alternating positive and negative lines corresponding to grooves and ridges. After treatment, machining line was more pronounced for the control specimens. but in general, test specimens were similar to control. 2. In the SLA surfaces, the control specimen showed that the macro roughness was achieved by large-grit sandblasting. Subsequently, the acid-etching process created the micro roughness, which thus was superimposed on the macro roughness. Irrespective of the application time of 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution, in general, test specimens were similar to control. 3. In the TiO2blasted surfaces, the control specimen showed the rough surface with small pits. The irregularity of the TiO2blasted surfaces with 50mg/ml tetracycline - HCl solution was lessened and the flattened areas got wider after 1 minute.
Bacteria ; Dentists ; Humans ; Porifera ; Tetracycline ; Titanium

The abdominal tumors in children are different from those of adult. These tumors are the third most common one, preceded by leukemia and brain tumors, in children under 15 years. X-ray examination is the most important method among diagnostic approaches. The role of diagnostic imaging is to identify the precise anatomic location and extent of pathologic process with the minimal number of imaging procedures. 23 cases of abdominal tumors were reviewed in respect of age incidence, site of origin, radiologic findings. The results are briefly summarized as follows: 1. Neuroblastoma was the most common (6 cases) and wilm's tumor (5 cases), choledocal cyst (4 cases), ovarian mass (3 cases), hydronephrosis (2 cases), were descending order in frequency. 2. The most common site was retroperitoneum (60%) Kidney was the single most common site of origin. 3. Radiologic findings. The most common findings of plain radiography was ill defined soft tissue mass and this method was helpful in the presence of calcification especially in neuroblastoma. Ultrasonographic pattern was anechoic (cystic), echoic or mixed pattern, but this method provide less precise anatomical details, nevertheless Ultrasonography was particularly useful imaging modality for the pediatric abdominal tumors. IVP findings were renal displacement, caliceopelvic system distortion or nonvisualization of kidney, these information was helpful in determining the location of tumors. CT scan showed homogenous or inhomogeneous, cystic or solid, mass with their anatomic location. 4. Ultrasonography was the most widely used specific diagnostic method, but had limited value in detecting the anatomic location of tumors. CT scan was superior to ultrasound for determining the extent of tumors.
Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Child ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Leukemia ; Methods ; Neuroblastoma ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor