The authors report their experience with 22 cases of intracranial suppuration : 18 with brain abscess and four with subdural empyema. A small series of nine consecutive cases of intracranial suppuraion with one death is presented since Computed Tomographic brain scanning become a routine diagnostic procedure. These patient have been compared to 13 consecutive cases treated without benefit of CT analysis in order to determine the factors responsible for the recently improved prognosis. The mortality rate was 30.8% for al operated patients treated before availability of CT and 22.7% for the patient since advent of CT scan. Among the factors that may have contributed to the improved results for patients diagnosed with CT are : fewer patients with poor preperative clinical status, and a great incidence of total abscess removal. In addition, CT scanning provided more accurate diagnosis and localization of abscess and aided in the rapid detection of postoperative complication.
Abscess ; Brain ; Brain Abscess ; Diagnosis ; Empyema, Subdural ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Suppuration* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Malaria*

Transvaginal cervical cerclage for the prevention of pregnancy loss in patients with cervical incompetence is well accepted. However, there is a small subject of patients with incompetence of cervix, congenital or surgical shortening of the cervix, previously failed transvaginal cerclage and deep cervical damage or tears in the fornices. We experienced a case of the transabdominal cervical cerclage. 'Ihe patient had a past history of deep cervical laceration due to vaginal delivery. Therefore, we present here a surgical technique of transabdominal cerdage and report it with brief review of literatures.
Cerclage, Cervical ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Pregnancy

Oligodendroglioma is said to account for between 3% and 12% of all intracranial glioma and usually occur in adult, constituting only 1% of primary intracranial neoplasm in children. The authors experienced a case of oligodendroglioma involving right lateral ventricle in a child and reviewed the literatures.
Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Child* ; Glioma ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Oligodendroglioma*

Twenty-two patients who had evidence of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in brain computerized tomographic(CT) scan specially with small vascular malformations who were angiographically verified and unknown causes, were reviewed. The majority of patients were in first and second decades of life. The duration of symptoms from onset to admission showed relatively short in verified cases and even distributed from 1 day to 1 month in unknown cases. The most common presenting symptoms and signs were headache and papilledema in unknown cases. In brain CT scan, variable findings were seen as hematoma with surrounding eidence of vascular anomaly, hematoma only and blood-fluid level in verified cases, and tumor-like findings in unknown cases. The most common site of hematoma were parietal and occipital lobes in verified cases and were parietal and infratentorial area in unknown cases. The results achieved with excision of these cases were good. These small vascular malformations require special attention because of following view-points: 1) their relative frequent cause of intracerebral hematoma; 2) their variable findings in CT scan ; 3) more careful serial angiographical identification of anomalous vessel with subtraction and magnification; 4) their careful histopathological observation of operative specimen.
Angiography ; Brain ; Cerebral Hemorrhage* ; Headache ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Occipital Lobe ; Papilledema ; Rabeprazole ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vascular Malformations*

The authors have presented 44 cases of chronic subdural hematoma which were diagnosed by brain computerized tomographic (CT) scan at the Department of Neurosugery, Keimyung University, School of Medicine from May 1980 to July 1982. There were 42 men and 2 women. The common incidence of age was between fourth and fifth decade. Most of the cases(80%) had a history of head injury and nearly all cases complained headache(93%). The most common sign was papilledema(71%) in relatively young age patients and mental change(62%) in old age patients. All cases performed brain CT scan, which showed hypodense(41%), isodense(21%), hyperdense(21%) and mixed dense(18%) lesion. The thickness of hematoma which was measured by brain CT scan revealed 10 mm-30mm in most cases and showed the tendency of increase in old age patients. Of 44 cases, 23 cases were treated with craniotomy and membranectomy, 18 cases with burr hole and drainage, and 3 cases which were bilateral lesion with both methods. There was not any different result in both methods and most of all cases showed good postoperative course except 3 cases of poor preoperative state.
Brain ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Craniotomy* ; Drainage* ; Female ; Hematoma ; Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The binocular single vision test plays an important role in evaluating severity and progression of diplopia, and a motility disorder. The purpose of this study is to determine the normal value of the field of binocular single vision according to the age and the sex of Korean. METHODS: The field of binocular single vision was examined in normal 100 Koreans using Goldmann perimeter. RESULTS: The field of binocular single vision was 55.6degrees at upward gaze, 65.7degrees at left lateral gaze, 64.5degrees at right lateral gaze, and 74.9degrees at downward gaze. The value among different age groups was not statistically significant. The women had a broader field at left and right inferior area than the male (p<0.05). Korean had a larger right, left, and inferior field than Caucasian does. CONCLUSIONS: The differences of the field of binocular single vision between male and female are due to the differences in nasal architecture. The differences between Korean and Caucasian are due to differences of nasal architecture and facial structure. It may be useful in evaluating of strabismus and motility disorder if the normal field value of binocular single vision in Korean could be put under consideration.
Diplopia ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values ; Strabismus ; Telescopes* ; Vision Tests

PURPOSE: To report a case of idiopathic orbital myositis involving all extraocular muscles bilaterally after trauma and to review current literatures on the orbital myositis. METHODS: The idiopathic orbital myositis primarily involving the extraocular muscles is a subtype of nonspecific orbital inflammation. Pathophysiology of orbital myositis, although unknown, is likely to be an immune-mediated mechanism. A 17-year-old male presented with the orbital myositis involving all extraocular muscle after blunt head trauma. RESULTS: Treatment of the idiopathic orbital myositis with oral corticosteroid and radiotherapy has been reported to be ineffective in cases involving 4 extraocular muscles. We herein report an experience of treating a case of orbital myositis involving all extraocular muscles with intravenous corticosteroid and radiotherapy.
Adolescent ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Muscles* ; Orbit* ; Orbital Myositis* ; Radiotherapy

Angiodysplasia is a vascular lesion of the gut, which reveals intestinal bleeding as a major symptom. It is the cause of as much as 5~6% of the intestinal bleeding of unkown origin. Pathologically, it reveals anomalous submucosal vascular overgrowth, which is characterized by tortuous, dilated and thin-walled vessels. Because the lesion is mainly submucosal. It is hard to diagnosis with endoscopy and even in laparotpmy. Angiography has a low detection rate for angiodysplasia, but some of this typical findings are delayed excretion of dye into the venous structure around the lesion, vascular tuft in the arterial phase, and accelerated dye secretion into venous structure in the situation of arteriovenous malformation. Endoscopy, especially colonoscopy is so effective a diagnostic method as to make interventional therapy. Conjugated estrogen therapy is effective and is regarded as choice of treatment in the not-life-threatening intestinal bleeding caused by angiodysplasia. Surgery is only indicated in the case of uncontrolled bleeding. Intestinal obstruction has rarely been reported as another manifestation of intestinal angiodysplasia. Therefore pathologic definition should be confirmed, and research for pathophysiology of mucosal hypertrophy in the angiodysplasia is needed.
Angiodysplasia* ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Estrogens ; Hemorrhage ; Hypertrophy ; Intestinal Obstruction

PURPOSE: To investigate cases of the nasopharyngeal cancer with the sixth cranial nerve paralysis and review the current literatures on the nasopharyngeal cancer and the sixth nerve paralysis. METHODS: We analysed retrospectively clinical characteristics of 41 patients diagnosed with the nasopharyngeal cancer from January 1994 to December 2000. RESULTS: In 41 patients with the nasopharyngeal cancer, 6 patients (14.6%) had the sixth cranial nerve involvement. 4 patients of them visited ophthalmologic department after diagnosed with nasophryngeal cancer with symptom of neck mass or tinnitus. 2 patients visited ophthalmologic department and then were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal cancer with magnetic resonance imaging and biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: The sixth cranial nerve paralysis may be caused by trauma, intracranial disorder (tumor, meningitis, demyelination), vascular disorder, diabetes, hypertension, and viral illnesses. We emphasize the suspicion for the possibility of the nasopharyngeal cancer in patients with unexplained sixth cranial nerve paralysis causing diplopia and limitation of extraocular muscle.
Abducens Nerve* ; Biopsy ; Diplopia ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms* ; Neck ; Paralysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tinnitus