No abstract available.
Animals ; Electric Stimulation* ; Rats* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Atrophy* ; Electric Stimulation* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Sciatic Nerve*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Fibroblasts* ; Fluorouracil* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: We performed a retrospective study to compare effects of Surfacten(R) with HFV administration and meticulous conventional ventilatory support for neonatal RDS by analyzing clinical effects, complication and mortality between two groups. METHODS: Of 107 cases admitted to the nursery in Taegu Fatima hospital from February 1990 to June 1996, 52 neonates (admitted from January 1993 till June 1996) with RDS on high frequency ventilation after Surfacten(R) replacement were included as study group while 57 neonates(admitted from January 1990 till December 1996) with RDS on only conventional ventilation as control group. Serial change of FiO2, MAP, PaO2 and PaCO2 within 48hours after Surfacten(R) replacement, chest X-ray, clinical course, complication and mortality rate were propectively analyzed between two groups. RESULT: 1) After 24 hours Surfacten(R) replacement FiO2 had gradually decreased to 40% in the treated group, while in the control group, decreased to 50% within 48 hours. 2) MAP was maintained at 5.2cmH2O in the treated group, while in the control group, at 6.9cmH2O. 3) Serial change of PaO2 during weaning period after Surfacten(R) replacement between two groups were not significantly different(in the treated group : 74.5mmHg, in the conrol group : 76.1mmHg). 4) Serial change of PaCO2 during weaning period after Surfacten(R) replacement in the treated group were maintained significantly below the level of PaCO2 in the control group(in the treated group : 42.3mmHg, in the control group : 46.6mmHg). 5) In the treated group, complications were a series of PDA, IVH and pneumothorax, while in the control group, of PDA, Sepsis and IVH, and there were no differences between two groups with respect to mortality. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the combined treatment with Surfacten(R) replacement and high frequency ventilation for neonatal RDS improved short term clinical effects than in the control group, but there were no significant difference in terms of complications and mortality rate between two groups
Daegu ; High-Frequency Ventilation* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mortality ; Nurseries ; Pneumothorax ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Thorax ; Ventilation* ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: Aprotinin is a potent, nonspecific broad serine protease inhibitor. It's inhibitory effects on intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade can augment anticoagulation by heparin. This study designed to demonstrate augmented anticoagulation of aprotinin to heparin contaminated blood on thromboelastography(TEG). METHODS: This study designed into two phases for 21 healthy volunteers undergoing elective opeation. The first phase study, it was for looking at TEG differences between blood treated with aprotinin 200 KIU and blood treated with heparin 0.05 unit and 0.1 unit per blood 1 ml. The second phase study was for looking at anticoagulation of aprotinin added by heparin 0.05 unit and 0.1 unit per blood 1 ml and their reversal added by optimal dose of protamine sulfate. RESULTS: The aprotinin treated blood showed only a prolonged reaction time. Blood treated with incremental dose of heparin showed longer reaction time and smaller alpha angle than TEGs of native blood. Aprotinin added to the heparin contaminated blood showed much longer reaction time and much less alpha angle when compared with TEGs of aprotinin or heparin treated blood. Depressed TEG pattern by the heparin and aprotinin mixture reversed back to the TEGs of blood treated with aprotinin when optimal dose of protamine added. CONCLUSIONS: Those results suggest that aprotinin administered in open cardiac surgery can augment the remained anticoagulation effect due to heparin even after first dose fo protamine after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass. This is of clinically improtance to distinguish heparin related coagulopathy from heparin non related coagulopathy by thromboelastography.
Aprotinin* ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Healthy Volunteers ; Heparin* ; Protamines ; Reaction Time ; Serine Proteases ; Thoracic Surgery ; Thrombelastography* ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: Heparin released from grafted liver immediately after declamping is one of causes of coagulopathy, and its presence has been diagnosed by comparing thromboelastography(TEG) of blood treated with 0.01% of protamine and untreated blood. However, protamine may affect coagulation if the amount of protamine is not optimal to heparin in the blood sample. Heparinase, an enzyme isolated from Flavobacterium Heparinum, neutralizes heparin without adversely affecting coagulation. Therefore we compared the TEGs of blood treated with heparinase and protamine to clarify the sensitivity and reliability of heparinase in reversing the heparin effect. METHODS: Differences in Reaction time(R time), Alpha angle, Maximal Amplitude(MA) between native and heparinase treated TEG on reperfusion in 8 cases of orthotopic liver transplantations were compared with those between native and protamine in 14 cases of OLT. RESULTS: On reperfusion, all of TEGs treated with heparinase showed more improved data rather than native one in R time, Alpha angle and MA. But, in protamine treated blood, R time and Alpha angle in 6 patients and MA in 3 patients were more depressed. The scattergram show that TEGs treated with heparinase on reperfusion have almost positive difference, but TEGs treated with protamine did not have positive results consistently. CONCLUSIONS: Heparinase is a more reliable reagent and activator than protamine on TEG for detecting heparin effects on reperfusion without showing in-vitro anticoagulation. Those results suggest that heparinase on TEGs can make diagnosis of coagulopathy developed immediately after reperfusion efficiently.
Diagnosis ; Flavobacterium ; Heparin Lyase* ; Heparin* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Reperfusion* ; Thrombelastography* ; Transplantation ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Heparin released from grafted liver immediately after declamping is one of causes of coagulopathy, and its presence has been diagnosed by comparing thromboelastography(TEG) of blood treated with 0.01% of protamine and untreated blood. However, protamine may affect coagulation if the amount of protamine is not optimal to heparin in the blood sample. Heparinase, an enzyme isolated from Flavobacterium Heparinum, neutralizes heparin without adversely affecting coagulation. Therefore we compared the TEGs of blood treated with heparinase and protamine to clarify the sensitivity and reliability of heparinase in reversing the heparin effect. METHODS: Differences in Reaction time(R time), Alpha angle, Maximal Amplitude(MA) between native and heparinase treated TEG on reperfusion in 8 cases of orthotopic liver transplantations were compared with those between native and protamine in 14 cases of OLT. RESULTS: On reperfusion, all of TEGs treated with heparinase showed more improved data rather than native one in R time, Alpha angle and MA. But, in protamine treated blood, R time and Alpha angle in 6 patients and MA in 3 patients were more depressed. The scattergram show that TEGs treated with heparinase on reperfusion have almost positive difference, but TEGs treated with protamine did not have positive results consistently. CONCLUSIONS: Heparinase is a more reliable reagent and activator than protamine on TEG for detecting heparin effects on reperfusion without showing in-vitro anticoagulation. Those results suggest that heparinase on TEGs can make diagnosis of coagulopathy developed immediately after reperfusion efficiently.
Diagnosis ; Flavobacterium ; Heparin Lyase* ; Heparin* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Reperfusion* ; Thrombelastography* ; Transplantation ; Transplants