Paget's disease is classified, according to location, as mammary or extramammary disease. Extramammary Paget's disease especially in the vulva is extremely rare. Several hundred cases have been described worldwide. Patients with Paget's disease of the vulva are usually white and postmenopausal. The cause of which remains elusive. A case of vulva Paget's disease is presented with brief review of literature.
Humans ; Paget Disease, Extramammary ; Vulva

Authors reviewed mammographic ultrasonographic and MRI findings a patient with breast cysticerocosis, which was operated and pathologically proved. Mammography showed a 1 cm sized round radioopaque lesion with curvilinear calification, which was located near the pectoralis major muscle. Ultrasonograiphic findings showed heterogenous hypoechoic cystic lesion with internal hyperechoic nodule and posterior acoustic shadowing. T2Wl and proton density MR image showed low signal intensity with cresentic high signal intensity portion. 2D-FLASH dynamic MRI showed intermediate signal intensity and peripheral signal void area, which was not enhanced with Gd-DPTA. The possibility of cysticercosis can be considered be considered when a cytic lesion is discovered near the pectoralis muscle in a patient living in an endemic area.
Acoustics ; Breast* ; Cysticercosis* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; Pectoralis Muscles ; Protons ; Shadowing (Histology)

No abstract available.
Oocytes* ; Pregnancy* ; Spermatozoa*

There is room for debate in appropriate diagnosis and treatment due to physiological and anatomical differences in pediatric facial bone fractures from that of adult's. The objectives of this article is to analyze for our clinical cases and to suggest the appropriate management of facial bone fracture in children. The study included 56 children who had treatment for the craniofacial fractures form March, 1990 to February, 1998. Their ages ranged from 3 to 15. There were 38 males and 18 females. Physical examination, simple x-rays, ultrasonograms and routine CT scans were used for diagnosis. Materials were classified into 28 nasal bone fractures, 4 nasoethmoidal fractures, 6 orbital fractures, 8 mandible fractures, and 10 zygoma fractures. Patients were treated with conservative treatment in 9 cases, with closed reduction in 28 cases and open reduction only, and 14 patients with open reduction and internal fixation using microplates and screws. 3 patients needed autogenous calvarial bone graft. Plates and screws were removed in postoperative 3-6 months. All patients had successful union of fractured bones without no specific complications, and normal bony growths were noticed during the 7 years follow up. We conclude that surgeons should be careful in diagnosis and management for the pediatric facial fracture due to anatomical variations and differences in fracture aspects. First, it is mandatory for surgeous to get accurate diagnosis and identify children's fracture and displacement through routine CT check up along with physical examination. Second, it is important to perform the minimally invasive technique or conservative treatment for the children with mild displacement so that it reduces the incidence of growth retardation which may be caused by extensive operation. However, application of rigid fixation is necessary in case of extensive bony displacement or bony defects because of poor coorporation in postoperative care. Third, plates and screws which were used for the internal fixation should be removed at 3-6 months after the surgery. Fourth, if bone graft is needed, it is better to use autogenous graft than allogeneous graft. Fifth, care for dentition and follow up for growth are necessary for growing children.
Child ; Dentition ; Diagnosis ; Facial Bones* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mandible ; Nasal Bone ; Orbital Fractures ; Physical Examination ; Postoperative Care ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Transplants ; Ultrasonography ; Zygoma

To elucidate the significance of the nesidiodysplasia of pancreas, histological re-evaluation and immunohistochemical studies for insulin, glucagon and somatostatin were done on 16 consecutive cases (5 premature babies, 2 stillborns, 5 infants and 3 adults) in which paraffin blocks of the pancreas were available. Only one infant was hypoglycemic. All 16 pancreases showed changes of nesidiodysplasia which appeared immunohistochemically to have isulin, glucagon and /or somatostatin. The histologic patterns of nesidiodysplasia included ductoendocrine proliferation, endocrine cell dysplasia, adenomatosis, septal islet, islket cell hypertrophy and islet hypertrophy. All the patterns of nesidiodysplasia except for the adenomatosis were seen in premature babies, infants, stillborns and adults with or without hypoglycemia. The adenomatosis was found only in the hypoglycemic infant. The result suggests that all patterns of nesidiodysplasia of other than the adenomatosis does not imply the pathologic basis of hypoglycemia.
Infant ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a main cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. There have been many studies about the inhibition of proliferative vitreoretinophthy with several drugs. Authors investigated the inhibitory effect of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and retinal toxicity with various concentration of daunorubicin after intravitreal injection into the eyes of the pigmented rabbit. 7 pigment rabbit (11eyes) were used as subjects. After lensectomy and vitrectomy, control group was injected dermal fibroblast and F-BSS, and treatment group was injected dermal fibroblast and 5, 10, 15, 30 nmol Daunorubicin. At two weeks after intravitreal injection, both group were enucleated and examined with gross finding, light--microscopy, and electronmicroscopy. In all control group, proliferative vitreoretinopathy was found, but only preretinal membrane formation was found in 5, 10 nmol Daunorubicin injected group. In 15 nmol Daunorubicin injected group, the retina structure was preserved normally. In 30 nmol Daunorubicin injected group, the retinal outer segment was degenerated in microscopic finding. These results show that Daunorubicin has a potent effect on proliferative vitreoretinopathy, especially in 15 nmol, but retinal toxicity is suspected in marethan 30 nmol.
Daunorubicin* ; Fibroblasts ; Intravitreal Injections ; Membranes ; Retina ; Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment ; Retinaldehyde ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative*

We reviewed 7 cases of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (4 cases of classical mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) and 3 cases of atypical mesoblastic nephroma (AMN)) using immuno-histochemical and flow cytometric study. Results are as follows. 1) The mean tumor size was 5 (3 to 7cm)cm in CMN and 9 (7 to 10cm)cm in AMN. The AMN revealed hemorrhage and necrosis in two Of three cases. A case of AMN showed cystic change without hemorrhage and necrosis. Mitotic count ranged in 0~4/10HPF in CMN and 20-35/10HPF in AMN. 2) Immunohistochemistry for vimentin was all positive. Actin, desmin were weakly positive in CMN, but negative in AMN. The findings were consistent with myofibroblastic differentiation in CMN and AMN was considered to be the less differentiated form of CMN. 3) Flow cytometiic analysis showed diploidy in two of two CMNs and two of three AMNs. Only one AMN showed aneuploidy with DNA index of 1.41. %SG2M were 8.1 and 15.9 (mean 12.0) in CMN and 16.9, 32.9 and 19.3 (mean 22.9) in AMN, respectively. We concluded that AMN should be distinguished from CMN, clinicopathologically.

Thirty cases of rhabdomyosarcoma in patients under the age of 15 years were reviewed retrospectively to find out characteristics of histologic subtypes related to prognosis. Histologic diagnosis were embryonal in 21(70%), alveolar in 7(23%) and mixed type in 2(7%). Cellular anaplasia was noted in 6 cases. Round to polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasmic rim or globules were most characteristic cytologic feature or rhabdomyosarcomas, being followed by myofibrils. Myxoid and edematous stroma in embryonal type and alveolar pattern in alveolar type wee nost characteristic growth pattern. Immunohistochemically, tumors were positive for desmin, actin and myoglobin in 97%, 27%, and 40%, respectively. Consequently, characteristic cytologic features are important to differentiate rhabdomyosarcomas form other kinds of small round cell tumor and growth pattern is more critical in categorizing histologic subtypes. Desmin is far more useful than actin or myoglobin in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Renal dysplasia is the abnormal development of the kidney. The condition is usually detected in childhood along with other urinary tract anomalies, but can remain unnoticed until adulthood. It was recently reported that a PAX2 gene mutation plays a major role in the development of renal dysplasia. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PAX2 in dysplastic kidneys of children and adults. METHODS: A total of 30 cases diagnosed with renal dysplasia after a nephrectomy were examined. PAX2 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was detected using an Apop Tag detection kit. RESULTS: In the dysplastic kidneys, there was strong PAX2 expression in the epithelia of the primitive ducts in both children and adults, but the degree was significantly lower in adults (p=0.007). However, the mesenchyme surrounding the primitive ducts of children showed stronger staining for the smooth muscle actin antibody and trichrome than the adults. The apoptosis index was significantly higher in the primitive duct epithelia than in the surrounding normal collecting duct epithelia (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: PAX2 is overexpressed in the primitive ducts of renal dysplasia, which is sustained until adulthood and is associated with increased apoptosis. However, a decrease in PAX2 expression in the dysplastic epithelia and mesenchymal cuff of adults suggest a gradual regression of the dysplastic elements with time.
Actins ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; Child ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nephrectomy ; Urinary Tract

Neonatal hepatitis(NH) and congenital extrahepatic biliary atresia(BA) are two major causes of neonatal cholestasis. The method of therapeutic trials for each disease is essentially different. Nonetheless it is very difficult to differentiate these diseases histologically, since most of the hepatic changes are mutual in both of them. This study is to aimed to find out major differences between the two by scoring various histological parameters. A total of 63 consecutive liver biopsies taken from 54 patients with suggested NH and BA were examined by applying morphometric scoring system. The detailed clinical histories, laboratory data including serology for HBsAg and TORCH infection and radiologic operative findings were reviewed. Among 54 patients, 27 were diagnosed as NH and 20 as BA. In two cases, features of both diseases were coexistent. The pathological diagnosis was not compatible with the final diagnosis in 5 cases(10.7%). In all of these 5 cases, biopsy had been performed at the age of one to two months. The seropositivity for TORCH was 59.3%(16.27) in NH, but 25.0%(5/20) in BA. Serum AST, ALT and alpha-fetoprotein values were higher in NH, and total bilirubin in BA. Of various histological parameters, scores of portal fibrosis, bile duct and ductular proliferation and bile thrombi were much higher in BA, and at the age of less than 2 months, extramedullary hemopoiesis(EMH) was found much more frequently in NH. Giant cell transformation of hepatocytes(GCT) was more commonly observed in NH. The numbers of GCT and EMH were particulary plentiful when the patients' sera were positive for HBsAg or TORCH. These results indicate that portal fibrosis, biliary proliferation and bile thrombi are the three major histologic features of BA, and therefore erroneous histological diagnosis may ensue when scores of those features are low as in some early BA.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Biopsy