PURPOSE:Several drugs such as insulin, propranolol, levodopa, glucagon and clonidine have been used for pharmacological growth hormone(GH) provocative test, and each medical center chooses different combinations of drugs during GH provocative tests. In this study, authors compared three drugs insulin(RI), clonidine(C), and propranolol-levodopa(P-L) in terms of GH secretory ability to select the most effective drug. METHODS:Study patients consisted of 63 children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, who were diagnosed 'H deficiency'in the department of pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital between January, 1995 and December, 1995. Peak values of GH by each drug were analyzed and following results were obtained. RESULTS:Numbers of patients who showed peak GH values of < or = 5ng/mL, 6-9ng/ mL or > or = 10ng/mL were 23, 22 and 18 respectively in GH provocative test using RI, 48, 12 and 3, respectively in GH provocative test using P-L, 55, 8 and 0, respectively in GH provocative test using C. The numbers of patients showing peak growth hormone values over 6ng/mL were more significantly in GH provocative test using RI than those using P-L or C(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Among drugs authors have been using in GH provocative tests, RI was more effective in stimulating growth hormone secretion than P-L or C. Authors feel that RI should be included in GH provocative tests for the diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency.
Child ; Clonidine* ; Diagnosis ; Glucagon ; Growth Hormone* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Insulin* ; Levodopa ; Pediatrics ; Propranolol

Balancing the rates of cell proliferation and cell death is important in maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. The relationship among apoptosis, cell proliferation and factors influencing apoptosis according to the histologic types in chemically induced mammary tumorigenesis appears important in understanding the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma. In this study, we investigated alterations in the kinetics of cell proliferation and apoptosis during rat mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and we related these changes to the expressions of bcl-2, p53, and TGF-beta. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group (20 mg/ml DMBA by oral intubation) and a control group. The results were as follows. 1. In the experimental group, breast tumors occurred in twenty two of fifty nine rats(37.3%, 22/59), and the total number of tumors was 100 (4.5 2.0/rat). The histological classification was infiltrating ductal carcinomas (n=5), ductal carcinomas with focal invasion (n=10), intraductal carcinomas (n=36), adenomas accompanied with intraductal proliferation (n=35), intraductal proliferation (n=9), and adenomas (n=5); 2. The differentiation of terminal end bud into alveolar bud (AB) in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05); 3. BrdU labeled tumor cells were mainly located at the peripheral portion of tumor cell nests. BrdU labeling indices were highest in ductal carcinomas, less pronounced in intraductal proliferation, and lowest in adenomas, whereas apoptosis levels were highest in adenomas, less pronounced in intraductal proliferation, and lowest in ductal carcinomas (p<0.05); 4. p53 protein was not expressed in any breast tumors. Although the expression of bcl-2 protein was highest in infiltrating and focal infiltrative ductal carcinomas (58.3%), compared with adenomas, intraductal proliferation, and intraductal carcinomas (p<0.05), the extent of its expression was less than 1% of all tumor cells; 5. TGF-beta was mainly expressed in the central portion of tumor cell nests rather than in peripheral portion, and TGF-beta immunoreactive tumor cells displayed good differentiation and did not reveal BrdU immunoreactivity. TGF-beta labeling index of infiltrating and focal infiltrative ductal carcinomas was significantly higher than that of intraductal carcinomas, intraductal proliferation, and adenomas (p<0.05). Based on these results, it is thought that high cell proliferation and the suppression of apoptosis are closely associated with DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis. However, the suppression of apoptosis is not related to p53 mutation, bcl-2, and TGF-beta. TGF-beta seems to be reversely related to tumor cell proliferation but closely associated with the progression of the tumor, especially an invasion of breast carcinomas.
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene ; Adenoma ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Bromodeoxyuridine ; Carcinogenesis* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation* ; Classification ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

No abstract available.
Fractures, Open*

Eight patients in the state of ASA classification l, ll were investigate. Blood samples were collected before, just after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after induction of anesthesia. Glucose and electrolyte changes in relation to maintenance fluids in balanced and halothane anesthesia were as follows. 1) In both anesthetic techniques blood sugar level showed increasing tendency according to duration of anesthesia. 2) There were no specific changes in serum electrolytes related to type of anesthesia. 3) The administration of D/S and H/D showed a little increase in Na+ and Cl- level compared to the administration of just DsW. 4) The administration of H/d showed less increase in K+ level than the administration of DsW or D/S. 5) Just after induction of anesthesia the K+ level increased a little and decreased gradually thereafter.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General* ; Blood Glucose* ; Classification ; Electrolytes* ; Glucose ; Halothane ; Humans

We investigated the effects of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP)on macular microcirculation in diabetic retinopathy. PRP using argon blue green laser was performed in 23 eyes of 15 patients with early proliferative diabetic etinopathy and very severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy without significant macular edema. The changes in volume, flow, velocity of macular microcirculation were measured before PRP, 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month following PRP, using Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter(HRF). Mean volume, flow, velocity of macular microcirculation decreased to a maximal degree 1 hour following PRP, from 14.87+/-0.40, 387.45 +/-101.40, 1.40+/-0.28(before PRP)to 12.44+/-1.39, 347. 33+/-100.39, 1.27+/-0.34(p<0.05). From 1hour to 1 month after PRP, macular microcirculation gradually increased. However, throughout this period, all parameters of macular microcirculation remained lower than pre-PRP level(p<0.05). Our study suggests that panretinal photocoagulation reduces the macular microcirculation in diabetic retinopathy.
Argon ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Humans ; Light Coagulation* ; Macular Edema ; Microcirculation* ; Retina ; Retinaldehyde*

A case of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of peritoneum which was difficult to distinguish from metastatic anaplastic carcinoma or malignant melanoma was presented. The patient was a 50 year-old woman and complained of an abdominal pain and ascites for 20 days. Histologically, the tumor cells showed highly anaplastic appearance with sheet-like arrangement without any papillary or tubular structure. They stained Positive for cytokeratin and vimentin and negative for CEA, S-100 protein and melanoma associated antigen. A few cells within the tumor showed Positive reactivity to desmin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells had characteristic findings of mesothelioma such as long, exuberant, wavy microvilli with 10 to 12 of length/diameter ratio. The patient died 3 months after the diagnosis in spite of intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Borrelia burgdorferi* ; Borrelia* ; Humans ; Korea*

The catecholamine content was examined in the myocardium of dogs subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension of 40mmHg for a duration of one to hive hours respectively. No marked changes were noticed within two hours after production of homorrhagic hypotension but a significant reduction was found at the end of three hours of hypotension. The reduction of myocardial catecholamines was progressively pronounced with the prolonging the hypotensive period over three hours. Dogs were bled rapidly to an arterial blood pressure of 40mmHg and maintained at this hypotensive level for four hours, followed by reinfusion of the withdrawn blood. Eight out of 11 dogs succumbed within l2 hours, showing a 73 per cent mortality. The myocardial catecholamines in the surviving dogs returned almost to the normal level within 12-15 hours after the blood reinfusion, while those in the dogs which succumbed showed the same low level which was produced during hemorrhagic hypotension. It was also shown that the reduced myocardial catecholamines resulting from the hypotension will not be restored immediately after the reinfusion of the withdrawn blood. When norepinephrine was infused at a rate of five to seven microgram/kg/min for an hour before the reinfusion of the withdrawn blood, five out of six dogs died within 12 hours, showing a 82 per cent mortality. This result appears to indicate that norepinephrine infusion during oligemic hypotension may hasten death or not decrease the mortality of the animals. On the other hand, when norepinephrine was infused at a rate of three microgramkg/min for an hour following reinfusion of the withdrawn blood five out of 15 dogs died, indicating a significant increase of survival rate from hemorrhagic shock. The myocardial catecholamines of surviving dogs and dogs which succumbed following the administration of norepinephrine after blood reinfusion were similar respectively to those of dogs which survived and of dogs which died after blood reinfusion without norepinephrine. When norepinephrine (3 microgramkg/min) was infused for hour following blood reinfusion in the dogs pretreated with either dibenzyline (3mg/kg) or dichloroisoproterenol (1mg/kg), the beneficial effect of norepinephrine on the survival rate from hemorrhagic shock appeared to be absent. The efficacy of norepinephrine on the survival from hemorrhagic shock was discussed on the basis of myocardial catecholamine depletion.
Animals ; Catecholamines/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Epiphyses/*embryology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Shock, Hemorrhagic/*drug therapy

Serous cystadenoma of the pancreas, also known as microcystic adenoma or glycogen-rich cystadenoma, is an unusually benign tumor. It is usually large and composed microscopically of many small cysts lined by small, cuboidal or flattened cells containing abundant glycogen. It has been suggested that serous cystadenoma probably arise from the ductular cells or centroacinar cells. Herein, we report on a case of serous cystadenoma of the pancreas in a 55-year-old female. The tumor, measuring 13.5x11.5x10.0 cm, was located in the head of the pancreas and the cut surface revealed a sponge-like appearance due to innumerable tiny cysts containing clear serous fluid. Microscopic analysis showed cystic spaces lined by cuboidal cells with intracytoplasmic glycogen.
Female ; Humans ; Cysts ; Adenoma

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Female ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans* ; Ovulation*