No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Neonatology in pediatrics became a part of medical school curricula in Korea in 1954-1959. Specific treatments and procedures in the neonatal field were adopted around this period, for example, antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and the exchange transfusion procedure were established in 1950-1960. Usage of an infant incubator was implemented along with the establishment in 1960. The trend of separation between a premature infant care unit and newborn nursery room enabled the specialized treatment of high-risk infants in the 1970s. Assisted ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure and phototherapy was initiated in 1978. The recent concept of a neonatal intensive care unit was established in 1980, and it made so-called neonatal intensive care such as mechanical ventilation and intensive monitoring available. The Korean Society of Neonatology was founded in 1993. The usage of pulmonary surfactant in the 1990s, accelerated the improvement of respiratory distress syndrome survival, and it resulted in the nationwide opening of neonatal intensive care unit in hospitals. The high frequency ventilator and inhaled nitric oxide were introduced in the 2000s. The Korean Neonatal Network was commenced as a nationwide systemic database for very low birth weight infant registry in 2010. Accordingly, the history of Korean neonatology can be summarized as 50 years in total, and 35 years in a narrow sense. During this era, neonatal care in Korea has improved remarkably and has achieved a great survival rate for high-risk neonates, preterm infants, and micro-premies. In this review, we intend to provide an overview of the history, efforts, and outcomes of Korean neonatology activity that have led to these achievements.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; Curriculum ; Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Korea* ; Neonatology* ; Nitric Oxide ; Nurseries ; Oxygen ; Pediatrics ; Phototherapy ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Respiration, Artificial ; Schools, Medical ; Survival Rate ; Ventilation ; Ventilators, Mechanical

We have experienced a patient (4-year-old female) with a granular cell tumor (GCT), Examination of patients skin showed a bean sized asymtomatic firm nodule on the left baek. Exciaional biopsy and histopathologic examination were perforrned under the impression of angiolipoma. The specirnen revealed a distinctive picture of GCT.
Angiolipoma ; Biopsy ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Skin

No abstract available.
Neonatology

We report a case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma in a 35 year-old woman. She presented with dyspnea, facial edema and neck vein distension during 1 month. The oval round large mass(8x4 cm) filling the right atrium infiltrated into the entire thickness of the lateral wall and extended to the vena cava and ventricle. The interatrial septum and pericardium seemed to be intact. Despite the surgical excision and adjuvant chemo-and radiotherapy, the patient died 8 months later due to tumor recurrence. The histologic findings of tumor varied from benign looking capillary proliferation mimicking granulation tissue to sarcoma composed of spindle cells. But anastomosing vascular channels lined by anaplastic polygonal cells and intracytoplasmic lumen containing red blood cells were characteristic findings. These tumor cells showed positive reaction to endothelial cell antigen and factor VIII-related antigen. The intercellular junctional complex and vascular channels formed by cytoplasmic process of tumor cells were identified by the ultrastructural study.
Female ; Humans

Authors came acoss a case of Behcet's syndrome involving cecum. The patient was a 33-year-old female. Her chief complaint was right lower quadrant pain, Colonoscopy revealed several ulcerations the base of which was covered by thick whitish coat, They were surrounded by mulitiple nodular masses. Endoscopic biopsy showed noaspecific ulceration. The patient had a history of aphthous ulceration of mouth and external genitalia. So she was diagnosed to have Behcets syndrome. She underwent right hemicolectomy with tetminal ilectomy. We report this case with literiature review.
Adult ; Behcet Syndrome* ; Biopsy ; Cecum* ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Mouth ; Stomatitis, Aphthous ; Ulcer

We found an error in our published article. We have corrected the table.

PURPOSE: The statistical birth data related to maternity and newborns over the past 15 years in Korea was analyzed in order to review the changing patterns of maternity and newborns in Korea. METHODS: Statistical data after 1995 in Korea were obtained from the Statistics Korea. Birth data related to maternity (distribution of birth rate, maternal age, advanced maternal age group, rank of birth, and time of pregnancy) and newborn (distribution of number of births, birth weight, ratio of sex, and multiple births) were analyzed. RESULTS: The average age of maternity is increasing while births in an advanced age has also increased from 4.7% in 1995 to 15.5% in 2009. There was a decrease in the total number of births, total birth rate and average birth weight. The rate of premature births in an advanced age occupied more than 6% of this study. The ratio of sex from the third born child and beyond has been relieved. The rate of multiple births has increased. The birth rate within two years of cohabitation before giving birth to a couple's first child has decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The rates of newborns requiring perinatal care such as births of prematurity, low birth weight infants, multiple pregnancies, etc are increasing. This is in relation to the increase in age of maternity and number of pregnancies in an advanced age. Therefore, there is an increase demand for strategies in order to decrease the age of maternity and the rate of pregnancies in an advanced age.
Birth Rate ; Birth Weight ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Multiple Birth Offspring ; Parturition ; Perinatal Care ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Premature Birth ; Sex Ratio

PURPOSE: Pulmonary surfactants for preterm infants contain mostly animal-derived surfactant proteins (SPs), which are essential for lowering surface tension. We prepared artificial pulmonary surfactants using synthetic human SP analogs and performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We synthesized peptide analogues that resemble human SP-B (RMLPQLVCRLVLRCSMD) and SP-C (CPVHLKRLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL). Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and palmitic acid (PA) were added and mixed in lyophilized to render powdered surfactant. Synsurf-1 was composed of DPPC:PG:PA:SP-B (75:25:10:3, w/w); Synsurf-2 was composed of DPPC:PG:PA:SP-C (75:25:10:3, w/w); and Synsurf-3 was composed of DPPC:PG:PA:SP-B:SP-C (75:25:10:3:3, w/w). We performed in vitro study to compare the physical characteristics using pulsating bubble surfactometer and modified Wilhelmy balance test. Surface spreading and adsorption test of the surfactant preparations were measured. In vivo test was performed using term and preterm rabbit pups. Pressure-volume curves were generated during the deflation phase. Histologic findings were examined. RESULTS: Pulsating bubble surfactometer readings revealed following minimum and maximum surface tension (mN/m) at 5 minutes: Surfacten® (5.5±0.4, 32.8±1.6), Synsurf-1 (16.7±0.6, 28.7±1.5), Synsurf-2 (7.9±1.0, 33.1±1.6), and Synsurf-3 (7.1±0.8, 34.5±1.0). Surface spreading rates were as follows: Surfacten® (27 mN/m), Synsurf-1 (43 mN/m), Synsurf-2 (27 mN/m), and Synsurf-3 (27 mN/m). Surface adsorption rate results were as follows: Surfacten® (28 mN/m), Synsurf-1 (35 mN/m), Synsurf-2 (29 mN/m), and Synsurf-3 (27 mN/m). The deflation curves were best for Synsurf-3; those for Synsurf-2 were better than those for Surfacten®. Synsurf-1 was the worst surfactant preparation. Microscopic examination showed the largest aerated area of the alveoli in the Synsurf-3 group, followed by Synsurf-1 and Surfacten®; Synsurf-2 was the smallest. CONCLUSION: Synsurf-3 containing both SP-B and SP-C synthetic analogs showed comparable and better efficacy than commercially used Surfacten® in lowering surface tension, pressure-volume curves, and tissue aerated area of the alveoli.
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ; Adsorption ; Animal Experimentation* ; Animals* ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Palmitic Acid ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Reading ; Surface Tension

We describe a case of successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) in a small infant with cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) failure after an open heart surgery. A 35-day-old male infant weighing 4.4 kg who had congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension underwent patch closure of ventricular septal defect without any intraoperative event. Postoperative course was unremarkable in the intensive care uint for about 5 hours before the junctional ectopic tachycardia developed. Sudden cardiac decompensation with bradycardia occurred about 50 minutes after the development of junctional ectopic tachycardia. He was put on ECMO by arterial cannulation at the ascending aorta and by venous cannulation at the right atrial appendage after 4 hours' CPR. The hemodynamics were stable with enough urine output during ECMO. He was weaned from ECMO 38.5 hours after initiation. Delayed sternal closure was attempted. He was extubated on postoperative day 7 and discharged home on postoperative day 21 without any neurologic sequelae.
Aorta ; Atrial Appendage ; Bradycardia ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Catheterization ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation* ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Infant ; Critical Care ; Male ; Membranes ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Junctional ; Thoracic Surgery*