In order to observe the arrhythmia which occured in early convalescent phase of acute myocardial infarction, a 24 hour ambulartory ECG monitiring was performed in 15 patients who is admitted at dept of Int Medicine, Ewha Womans University hospital from Aug. 1985 to Sept. 1986. during 7.5+/-3.4 days after admission. In all cases one or more of the following arrhythmias were observed;atrial premature beat, ventricular premature beat(VPB), transient paroxysmal ventricular thchycardia, atrial fibrillation, sinus arrest and junctional beat. Of 15 cases, 11(77.3%) had VPB's:Simple VPB's in 4 cases(26.7%) and complex VPB's(6.52+/-2.52)(P<0.05). But there were no difference of premature and abberancy index between complex VPB's and simple VPB's(P>0.1). In addition, we compaired the arrhythmias in CCU with those of early convalescent phase of acute myocardial infarction. But there was no correlation between them.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Cardiac Complexes, Premature ; Electrocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction*

No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament*

Pena-Shokeir I syndrome is a multiple malformation syndrome displaying characteristics of camptodactyly, multiple ankylosis, severe muscle weakness, facial anomalies (low set ears, hypertelorism, depressed tip of nose), polyhydramnios, fetal growth retardation & pulmonary hypoplasia which are inherited by autosomal recessive trait. We experienced 1 case of Pena-Shokeir I syndrome in a neonate (41 weeks, 2.08Kg). This patient suffered from dyspnea. Respiratory destress was not relieved after ventilatory care. He died aged 10 days. We report this case with brief review of literature.
Ankylosis ; Dyspnea ; Ear ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Hypertelorism ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Muscle Weakness ; Polyhydramnios

Antihypertensive effect and side effect of Tripamide(Normonal(R)) was studied in 22 cases of essential hypertension using 15mg once daily regimen for average period of 9 weeks. 1) Antihypertensive effect Average reduction of 25mmHg in systolic and 19mmHg in systolic and 19 mmHg in diastolic pressure was observed and reduction rate was 15.7% and 17.6% respectively. The overall effect rate was 86%. The blood pressure lowered significantly in 1 week of treatment both in systolic and diastolic pressure and the extent of fall in systolic pressure approached near the level of maximum reduction in 2 weeks of administration and that of diastolic after 5 weeks of treatment. 2) Laboratory tests and side effect There was no significant changes in individual and mean value of Na, K, Cl, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, fasting blood sugar, cholesterol, GOT, GPT studied before and after treatment except one case showing elevation of uric acid. No significant side effect was observed during trial except of 2 cases of transient diuretic effect.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Diuretics ; Fasting ; Hypertension ; Uric Acid

Recent studies of immune responses to pathogens have identified pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognized by the innate immune system through specialized receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs). Signaling through these receptors initiates robust immune responses. By exploiting TLR signaling pathways, immunity to tumor-associated antigens may be generated. Many tumor-associated antigens are involved in the regulation of tumor phenotype or carcinogenesis. Immune targeting of these antigens may either alter the tumor phenotype, yielding a more treatable tumor, or eradicate early tumor stem cells preventing tumor formation. The oncoprotein HER2/neu, which is often overexpressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), may provide such a target. Immune responses directed against HER2/neu may eliminate the disease, make tumors more amenable to anti-estrogen therapy, or prevent escape of hormone-resistant tumor phenotypes. Effective breast cancer prevention in preclinical studies utilizing murine HER2/neu transgenic models has stimulated interest in, and optimism regarding, protective breast cancer vaccines in humans. Induction of anti-HER2 neu T cell (CD4+ and CD8+) and B cell responses has been demonstrated in an ongoing clinical study targeting HER2/neu using a TLR agonist-primed dendritic cell vaccine. Moreover, these vaccinations lead to reductions in both HER2/neu expression and extent of DCIS. HER2/neu expression and aromatase activity have recently been linked through the intermediary cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). This convergence between growth factor and hormone mediated pathways provides additional support for the notion that a significant number of breast cancers may be prevented through effective immune targeting of HER2/neu. As progress is made towards the development of vaccines for breast cancer prevention, the contributions of immune-mediated effecter and inhibitory mechanisms to the pathogenesis of HER2/neu overexpressing breast cancer will need to be better understood.
Aromatase ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cancer Vaccines ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dendritic Cells ; Humans ; Immune System ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Phenotype ; Toll-Like Receptors ; United Nations ; Vaccination ; Vaccines

Necessity of more biocompatible bone graft material had brought due to the problems of autologous bone graft & synthetic bone substitute materials. Bonesource(R) is a new biomaterial which can be replaced by natural bone when it is implanted. We reviewed our experience with Bonesource(in various reconstruction of bone defect for wide application. From March 2000 to March 2002 at Seoul National University Hospital, we performed various 7 cases of operation with Bonesource(R). These cases were bony depression after mass excision, alveolar cleft, frontal and supraorbital rim fracture, orbital deformity, facial asymmetry, bone defect after cranioplasty, depressive scar. In all cases, results were satisfactory without migration, extrusion, resorption during the follow up period (average 14 months). In 1 case, wound healing was delayed due to redissolution of Bonesource(R) by seroma. This was resolved by drainage without significant loss of volume. Its biocompatibility, excellent bony adhesion(osseointegration) and tendency to be replaced by natural bone(osteoconduction) may make it widely used in plastic surgery. The result of long term follow up and practical technique handling this material effectively are needed to evaluate it further.
Bone Substitutes ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Drainage ; Durapatite* ; Facial Asymmetry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Orbital Fractures ; Seoul ; Seroma ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

We report a case of pure spinal epidural cavernous hemangioma and discuss the relationships among its clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment. A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our department with a six-month history of severe headache, nausea and back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the thoracic spine showed a spindle-shaped epidural lesion extending into the neural foramen, with compression of the spinal cord at the T8-12 levels and multifocal mass lesions on the paravertebral muscles. The patient underwent microsurgery, the lesion was completely removed, and the patient recovered fully. The lesion in the spinal canal was dark-reddish and was located in the posterolateral epidural space. Histopathologic examination revealed a cavernous hemangioma. Pure spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas have characteristic MRI findings; however, their differential diagnoses requires careful initial examination and a corresponding clinical correlation.
Adult ; Back Pain ; Caves ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epidural Space ; Female ; Headache ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microsurgery ; Muscles ; Nausea ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Cord ; Spinal Cord Compression ; Spine

OBJECTIVE: Discectomy and/or spinal fusion have been the standard treatment options with proven effectiveness to treat degenerative spinal disease. To treat patients with more physiologic effective methods, there have been many efforts to develop various kinds of devices such as posterior dynamic stabilization and disc replacement. We reviewed our early experiences with the combined use of a partial disc replacement device, PDN-Solo(R) (Raymedica, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and an interspinous device, Coflex(R) (Fixanos, Pefonnas, France) in two.level lumbar degenerative disease. METHODS: A total of 13 patients with two.level lumbar degenerative disease underwent an operation from June 2003 to September 2004. A retrospective review of the clinical and radiological data was conducted for all the cases. The intervertebral disc height, the segmental lordotic angle and the total lumbar lordosis were measured. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and MacNab's criteria. RESULTS: There were nine men and four women (mean age 34.4 years, range 21-64 years). The mean follow up period was 36.6 months (range 36-43 months). The average segmental lordotic angle of the PDN level was changed from 8.96degrees to 8.41degrees and that of the Coflex level was changed from 5.49degrees to 2.95degrees. The total lumbar lordotic angle was decreased from 33.74degrees to 32.40degrees. The intervertebral disc height of the PDN level was changed from 7.56 mm to 8.41 mm and that of the Coflex level was changed from 9.33 mm to 9.89 mm. The average degree of recovery from back pain was 5.6 points (from 8.9 to 3.3) and the average degree of recovery from leg pain was 4.4 points (from 7.5 to 3.1). The average degree of ODI recovery was 41.7 points (from 67.1 to 25.4). According to MacNab's criteria, the results were excellent in 4 patients (30.8%) and good in 7 patients (53.8%). CONCLUSION: Using the PDN with the Coflex may avoid rigid fixation in specially selected cases with two.level disease, i.e., those patients with spinal stenosis and a herniated lumbar disc. But further biomechanical tests and more longterm follow.up are needed.
Animals ; Back Pain ; Diskectomy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Leg ; Lordosis ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Diseases ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis

OBJECTIVE: In Korea, early vertebroplasty (EVP) or delayed vertebroplasty (DVP, which is performed at least 2 weeks after diagnosis) were performed for the treatment of acute osteoporotic compression fracture (OCF) of the spine. The present study compared the outcomes of two surgical strategies for the treatment of single-level acute OCF in the thoracolumbar junction (T12-L2). METHODS: From 2004 to 2010, 23 patients were allocated to the EVP group (EVPG) and 27 patients to the DVP group (DVPG). Overall mean age was 68.3+/-7.9 and minimum follow-up period was 1.0 year. Retrospective study of clinical and radiological results was conducted. RESULTS: No significant differences in baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. As expected, mean duration from onset to vertebroplasty and mean duration of hospital stay were significantly longer in the DVPG (17.1+/-2.1 and 17.5+/-4.2) than in the EVPG (3.8+/-3.3 and 10.8+/-5.1, p=0.001). Final clinical outcome including visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, and Odom's criteria did not differ between the two groups. However, immediate improvement of the VAS after vertebroplasty was greater in the EVPG (5.1+/-1.3) than in the DVPG (4.0+/-1.0, p=0.002). The proportion of cement leakage was lower in the EVPG (30.4%) than in the DVPG (59.3%, p=0.039). In addition, semiquantitative grade of cement interdigitation was significantly more favorable in the EVPG than in the DVPG (p=0.003). Final vertebral body collapse and segmental kyphosis did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that EVP achieves a better immediate surgical effect with more favorable cost-effectiveness.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Korea ; Kyphosis ; Length of Stay ; Osteoporosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Vertebroplasty*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine radiological adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) and clinical results after two levels percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. METHODS: From 2007 to 2009, 34 patients who underwent percutaneous pedicle screw fixation on L3-4-5 or L4-5-S1 for lumbar degenerative disorders were selected. According to the presence of radiological ASD, ASD group and non-ASD group were compared for clinical results and radiologic results such as total lordotic angle (TLA), segmental lordotic angle (SLA) via lumbar X-rays during follow up periods. Furthermore, we compared pre-operative degree of disc degeneration at adjacent segment between two groups via MRI. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period and mean age were 27.38+/-9.45 months and 59.21+/-12.73 years. ASD group were 7 patients, and non-ASD group were 27 patients. The mean age of the ASD group (67.40+/-4.81) was significantly older than that of the non-ASD group (57.46+/-13.18). Pre-operative disc degeneration of cranial adjacent segment in ASD group were 6 patients (25.9%), whereas that in non-ASD group were 4 patients (14.8%), showing that preoperative disc degeneration was significantly more severe in the ASD group. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is favorable technique to prevent ASD for two levels fusion, however, when the patient is old or the preoperative disc degeneration of the adjacent segment is severe, there is the risk of postoperative ASD, and thus special attention should be paid during the follow-up period.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Spinal Fusion